UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
LOS  ANGELES 


Prom  the    library   of 
William   A.   Setchell 


THE 


MUSCI    AND    HEPATICJE 


UNITED    STATES 


EAST    OF    THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


CONTRIBUTED    TO    THE    SECOND    EDITION    OF 


GRAY'S    MANUAL    OF    BOTANY, 


WILLIAM   S.    SULLIVAXT. 


WITH    EIGHT    COPPER-PLATES, 

ILLUSTRATING    THE    GENERA. 


NEW  YORK: 
IVISON.  BLAKEMAN,  TAYLOR,  &  COMPANY, 

138  &  140  GRAND  STREET. 

CHICAGO :  133  &  135  STATE  STREET. 

1871. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1856,  by 

GEORGE   P.   PUTNAM   &   CO., 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


IS  71 


THE  following  pages  are  designed  to  contain  brief  de- 
scriptions of  all  the  Musci  and  HEPATKLE  hitherto  detected 
in  that  portion  of  the  United  States  lying  east  of  the 
Mississippi  River.  A  few  species  found  elsewhere,  either 
new,  or  having  a  geographical  range  hertofore  unnoticed, 
or  for  some  other  special  reason,  'have  also  been  described ; 
namely,  those  from  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  and  also 
several  from  near  our  northern  boundary,  and  likely  to 
occur  within  it. 

The  territory  within  the  limits  adopted — extending,  as 
it  does,  from  25°  to  47°  North  Latitude,  and  traversed  for 
nearly  its  entire  length  by  mountain  ranges,  reaching,  at 
several  points  in  their  northern  and  southern  terminations, 
an  alpine  elevation — presents  conditions  favorable  to  a 
copious  and  varied  muscological  vegetation.  And  if  the 
number  of  species  here  recorded  is  not  so  large  as  that 
found  in  an  equal  area  similarly  situated  on  the  Eastern 
Continent,  it'  must  be  borne  in  mind  tlat  our  Bryology 
and  Hepaticology  (particularly  the  latter)  have  thus  far 
been  very  imperfectly  investigated.  Scarcely  any  portion 
of  our  country,  excepting  Central  Ohio,  has  been  carefully 
examined.  The  mountain  ranges  have  only  been  cursorily 
visited  by  a  few  interested  in  these  branches  of  Botany. 
In  the  northern  section,  notwithstanding  numerous  dis- 
coveries made  by  the  late  Mr.  OAKES,  and  the  more  re- 
cent ones  (among  them  a  Dichelyma  a  Tetrodontium,  and 


47.3941 


iv 


an  Atrichum]  by  THOMAS  P.  JAMES,  Esq.,  there  will  doubt- 
less yet  be  detected  many  other  well-known  European 
species,  not  a  few  of  which  have  already  been  collected  in 
British  America  by  DBUMMOND. 

The  southern  section  has  been  even  less  carefully  ex- 
plored-, and  offers  a  promising  field  for  future  discoveries. 
Among  the  recent  accessions  to  our  Flora  from  this  quar- 
ter are  an  Orthotrichum,  a  Fissidens,  and  several  BrucMm 
and  Fabronice,  gathered  by  IT.  "W.  RAVENEL,  Esq.;  -also 
some  fine  Sphagna,  an  Anomodon,  a  Fontinalis,  and  a 
Macromitrium,  brought  thence  by  our  friend,  the  excellent 
bryologist,  M.  LEO  LESQUEEEDX. 

No  portion  of  our  territory  has  contributed  so  little  to 
our  Bryology  and  Hepaticology  as  the  Florida  peninsula, 
which  in  this  respect  still  remains  almost  a  terra  incog- 
nita: its  only  known  species,  Pilotrichum  cymbifolium,  like 
Meteorium  pendulum  from  Western  Louisiana  (whence 
novelties  may  also  be  expected),  is  thoroughly  tropical  in 
all  its  characters,  and  gives  promise  of  new  and  interesting 
forms  to  reward  future  explorers. 

W.  S.  S. 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO,  July,  1856. 


MUSCI  AND  HEPATIC^ 

OF    THE 

UNITED    STATES 

EAST  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI. 


ORDER  139.    MUSCI.     (MOSSES.*) 

Low,  tufted  plants,  always  with  a  stem  and  distinct  (sessile)  leaves,  pro- 
ducing spore-cases  which  open  by  a  terminal  lid  (except  in  Nos.  1-4),  and 
contain  simple  spores  alone.  Reproductive  organs  of  two  kinds :  f  1.  The 
sterile  (male)  flower,  consisting  of  numerous  (4  -  20)  minute  cylindrical 
sacs  (aniheridia)  which  discharge  from  their  apex  a  mucous  fluid  filled  with 
oval  particles,  and  then  perish.  2.  The  fertile  flower  composed  of  numer- 
ous (4  -  20)  flask-like  bodies  (archegonia,pistillidia),  each  having  a  membra- 
nous covering  (calyptra),  terminated  by  a  long  cylindrical  funnel-mouthed 
tube  (style) .  The  ripened  archegonium  (seldom  more  than  one  in  a  flow- 
er  maturing)  becomes  the  capsule,  which  is  rarely  indehiscent  or  splitting 
by  4  longitudinal  slits,  but  usually  opens  by  a  lid  (operculum)  :  beneath  the 
operculum,  and  arising  from  the  mouth  of  the  capsule,  are  commonly  1  or  2 
rows  of  rigid  processes  (collectively  the  peristome)  which  are  always  some 
multiple  of  four :  those  of  the  outer  row  are  called  teeth ;  those  of  the 
inner  row,  cilia,  their  intermediate  smaller  processes,  ciliolce.  An  elastic 
ring  of  cells  (annulus)  lies  between  the  rim  of  the  capsule  and  operculum. 
The  powdery  particles  filling  the  capsule  are  spores  or  sporules.  The 
thread-like  stalk  (pedicel)  supporting  the  capsule  is  inserted  into  the  elon- 
gated torus  (vaginuld)  of  the  flower.  The  pedicel  continued  through  the 
capsule  forms  the  columella ;  when  enlarged  uniformly  under  the  capsule,  it 
forms  an  apophysis ;  when  protuberant  on  one  side  only,  a  struma.  The 
calyptra  separating  early  at  its  base  is  carried  up  on  the  apex  of  the  cap- 
sule ;  if  it  splits  on  one  side  it  is  hood-shaped  or  cuculliform,  if  not,  it  is 
mitre-shaped  or  mitriform.  Intermixed  with  the  reproductive  organs  are 
cellular  jointed  filaments  (parapJiyses) .  The  leaves  surrounding  the  an- 
theridia  are  called  the perigonial  leaves;  those  around  the  archegonium  or 
pedicel,  the  perichcetiai  leaves. 


B  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

Artificial  Analysis  of  the  Genera. 

I.   ACROCARPI.    Fruit  terminal. 

A.    Capsule  without  a  deciduous  operculum. 

*  Capsule  dehiscing  by  irregular  ruptures. 
8   AKCHIDITJM.    Calyptra  torn  irregularly  at  the  middle. 
6.  BRUCHIA.    Calyptra  circumcissile  at  the  base.    Capsule  apophysate. 
4.  PIIASCUM.    Calyptra  circumcissile  at  the  base.    Capsule  not  apophys*** 

*  *  Capsule  dehiscing  by  4  longitudinal  slits. 
2.  ANDREA.    Capsule  sessile  on  a  pedicellate  vaginula. 

B.    Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 

*  Mouth  of  the  capsule  naked. 
•4-  Capsule  sessile  on  a  pedicellate  vaginula. 
1.  SPHAGNUM.    Calyptra  irregularly  torn,  persistent. 

•»-  ••-  Capsule  on  a  proper  pedicel :  vaginula  not  pedicellate. 
6.  GYMNOSTOMUM.    Calyptra  cuculliform.    Antheridia  terminal. 

25.  POTTIA.    Calyptra  cuculliform.    Antheridia  axillary. 

66.  APHANORHEGMA.  Calyptra  mitriform.  Antheridia  axillary. 
65.  PHYSCOMITRIUM.  Calyptra  mitriform.  Antheridia  terminal. 
40.  HEDWIGIA.  Calyptra  conic.  Antheridia  axillary. 

*  *  Mouth  of  the  capsule  furnished  with  teeth. 

«-  Peristome  single. 
++  Teeth  of  the  peristome  4. 

26.  TETRAPHIS.    Calyptra  mitriform.     Plants  with  a  conspicuous  stem. 

27.  TETRODONTIUM.     Calyptra  dimidiate-mitriform.    Almost  stemless  plants. 

«•  «•  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16.    Calyptra  mitriform. 

a.  Calyptra  plicate. 

35.  PTYCHOMITRIUM.    Teeth  deeply  bifid ;  their  segments  adherent. 
88.  COSCINODON.    Teeth  cribrose. 

b.  Calyptra  not  plica.,. 

37.  GRIMMIA.    Teeth  entire,  cribrose  or  2 -3  cleft  at  the  apex. 
86.  SCHISTIDIUM.    Teeth  as  in  No  37     Columella  adherent  to  the  operculum. 
39.  RACOMITRIUM.    Teeth  filiform,  2  -  3-cleft  to  the  base. 
57.  SPLACHNUM.    Teeth  in  pairs,  reflexed  when  dry. 
18.  CONOMITRIUM.    Teeth  truncate,  very  short,  more  or  less  perforated. 
«•  «•  ++  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16.    Calyptra  cuculliform. 
a.  Leaves  2-ranked 

17.  FISSIDENS.    Teeth  cloven  half-way  into  two  unequal  segments. 
24.  EUSTICHIUM.    Fruit  unknown. 

23.  DISTICHIDM     Teeth  usually  entire ;  if  cloven,  their  segments  equal 

5.  Leaves  spreading  every  way. 
1.  Capsule  cernuous-inclined,  unequal. 

14.  DICRANTJM.    Teeth  as  in  Fissidens     Leaves  furnished  with  a  costa. 
16   LEUCOBRYUM.    Teeth  as  in  Fissidens     Leaves  destitute  of  a  costa. 
16.  CERATODON.    Teeth  deeply  bifid.     Capsule  with  a  short  struma. 
12.  TREMATODON.    Teeth  cleft  below.    Capsule  with  a  long  and  linear  apophy*. 
62.  CONOSTOMUM.    Teeth  united  at  the  apex.    Capsule  ribbed 

2.  Capsule  somewhat  pendulous  on  an  arcuate  pedicel,  equal. 

18.  CAMPYLOPUS.    Teeth  deeply  bifid.    Calyptra  fringed  at  the  base. 

11.  DICRAlvODONTIUM.    Teeth  deeply  bifid.    Oalyptra  not  fringed  at  the  bate. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  9 

3.  Capsule  erect,  oval  or  somewhat  pyrifonn. 
9.  BELIG1RIA.    Teeth  lanceolate,  obtuse.    Capsule  globose-pyriform. 

7.  WEISIA.    Teeth  lanceolate,  acute.    Capsule  oval,  smooth. 

8.  RHABDOWEISIA.     Teeth  subulate.    Capsule  oval,  striated. 

10.  ARCTOA.    Teeth  split  half-way  down.    Capsule  somewhat  turblnate,  striated. 

81.  DKU.MMOXDIA.     Teeth  truncate,  erect.    Capsule  globose-oval. 

54.  ENTOSTUODON.    Teeth  lanceolate,  horizontal.    Capsule  globose-pyriform. 

4.  Capsule  erect,  oblong  or  cylindrical. 
21.  DESMATODON.    Teeth  deeply  bifid,  erect.    Operculum  elongated-conic,  obtuse. 

29.  SYRRIIOPODON.     Teeth  entire,  horizontal.    Operculum  subulate-rostrate. 

68.  TETRAPLODON.    Teeth  in  fours,  reflexed  when  dry.    Operculum  conico-convex. 
.H.  -w.  «+  «.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  32.    Calyptra  cuculliform. 

19.  TRICHOSTOMUM.    Teeth  more  or  less  united  in  pairs,  with  a  narrow  basilar  membraiM. 
22   DIDYMODON.    Teeth  as  in  the  last,  but  without  any  basilar  membrane. 

20.  BARBDLA.     Teeth  very  long,  once  or  twice  twisted  around  the  columella. 

43.  ATRICHUM.    Teeth  adherent  by  their  points  to  the  flattened  top  of  the  columell*.    Ca- 

lyptra spinulose  at  the  apex. 

44.  POGONATUM.    Teeth  as  in  the  last    Calyptra  densely  hairy. 

«.  ++  .H.  ++  ++  Teeth  of  the  peristome  64.    Calyptra  cuculliform. 

45.  POLYTRICHUM.    Teeth  adherent  as  in  No.  43     Calyptra  densely  hairy. 

i-  1-  Peristome  double  ;  its  teeth  16. 
++  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect :  inner  peristome  of  16  cilia. 
33.  MACROMITRIUM.    Teeth  when  dry  erect    Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate. 
28.  ENCALYPTA.    Teeth  when  dry  erect.    Calyptra  campanulate,  not  plicate. 
34   SCHLOTHEIMIA.    Teeth  when  dry  revolute.    Calyptra  campanulate,  not  plicate. 

82.  ORTHOTRICHUM.    Teeth  when  dry  reflexed     Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate. 

30.  ZYGODON.    Teeth  when  dry  reflexed.    Calyptra  cuculliform. 

«•  **  Capsule  unsymmetrical  and  inclined  to  one  side. 
=  Inner  peristome  a  plaited  cone. 

41.  BUXBAUMIA.    Capsule  gibbous,  ovate,  plano-convex,  pedicellate. 

42.  D1PHYSCIUM.    Capsule  gibbous,  ovate,  not  plano-convex,  sessile. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  cut  into  16  cilia. 
51.  BARTRAMIA.    Capsule  globose,  ribbed  when  dry. 

47.  AULACOMNION.    Capsule  oblong,  ribbed  when  dry. 

49  MNIUM.    Capsule  oblong :  male  flower  discoid. 

48.  BRYUM.    Capsule  elongated-pyriform  :  male  flower  gemmiform. 

50  MEESIA.    Capsule  elongated-pyriform.    The  outer  peristome  the  shortest 
63    FUN'ARIA.     Capsule  short-pyrifonn.    Teeth  oblique,  united  at  the  apex. 

=  =  =  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  cut  into  64  cilia. 

46.  TIMMIA.    Capsule  obovate-oblong.    Cilia  united  at  their  apex  in  fours. 

n.  PLEUROCARPI.     Fruit  lateral  (with  operculum  and  peristome). 

A.    Calyptra  cuculliform. 

«  Peristome  single :  teeth  16. 
«7.  CLASMATODON.    Teeth  irregular  twice  or  thrice  divided  to  the  base.    Annulus  large,  fan- 

perfect. 

70   FABRONIA.    Teeth  regular,  approximated  in  parrs.    Annulus  wanting. 
•  «  Peristome  double :  the  outer  of  16  teeth  ;  the  inner  of  16  cilia,  with  or  without  cillolw ;  or 
an  irregular  membrane. 
•»-  Capsule  erect,  equal. 

a.  Leaves  papillose. 

0U   MYTTRELLA.    Cilia  from  a  broad  base  :  ciliolae  present.    Foliage  glaucous-green. 
65.  LESKEA.    Cilia  from  a  broad  base :  ciliolse  none.    Foliage  dork-green. 


10  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

«5.  ANOMODON.     Cilia  from  a  narrow  base.    Foliage  yellowish  green. 

68.  XHELIA.     Cilia  obsolete :  a  broad  annular  membrane  present.     Foliage  glaucous-green. 

b   Leaves  not  papillose,  complanate. 

76.  NECKERA.    Cilia  from  a  narrow  base.     Leaves  undulate. 

75.  CYLINDROTHECIUM.     Cilia  from  a  narrow  base.    Leaves  smooth 

77.  OMALIA.    Cilia  from  a  broad  base :  ciliolae  present. 

e.  Leaves  not  complanate. 
=  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  adherent  to  the  teeth. 

62.  LEUCODON.    Perichseth  very  long.     Calyptra  smooth. 

63.  LEPTODON.    Perichseth  very  long.    Calyptra  hairy. 

72.  PYLAIS^EA.    Perichseth  short.    Calyptra  smooth. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  free,  divided  to  the  base  into  16  cilia. 
71.  ANACAMPTODON.    Teeth  of  the  peristome  reflexed  when  dry. 
74.  PLATYGYRIUM.    Teeth  of  the  peristome  broadly  margined.    Annulus  large. 
64    ANTITRICHIA.    Perichaeth  long.    Ramification  pinnate.    Pedicels  flexuose. 

79.  CLIMACIUM.    Perichaeth  long.    Ramification  dendroid.    Columella  exserted. 
60.  DICHELYMA.    Perichseth  long.    Inner  peristome  as  in  Fontinalis,  No.  59. 

•H-  t-  Capsule  inclined,  unequal. 

73.  HOMALOTHECIUM.    Inner  peristome  a  membrane  adherent  to  the  teeth.    Calyptra  hairy 

80.  HYPNUM.    Inner  peristome  a  plicate  membrane  divided  half-way  into  carinate  cilia :  dfl- 

olas  present.     Calyptra  smooth. 

B.    Calyptra  mitrifonn.    Peristome  double  ;  its  teeth  16. 
*  Capsule  immersed,  erect. 

69.  FONTINALIS.    Inner  peristome  of  16  cilia  connected  by  cross-bars. 
61   CRYPaffiA.    Inner  peristome  of  16  free  and  subulate  cilia. 

*  *  Capsule  exserted,  horizontal. 

78.  HOOKERIA.    Inner  peristome  of  16  carinate  cilia :  ciliolae  absent. 

SUBORDER  I.     SPHAGNACEJB. 

1.    SPHAGNUM,   Dill.        PEAT-MOSS.    (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  irregularly  ruptured  in  the  middle.  Operculum  convex,  depressed. 
Capsule  subglobose,  sessile  on  the  pedicellate  vaginula.  Peristome  none.  In- 
florescence monoecious  or  dioecious :  antheridia  roundish,  with  a  long  pedicel, 
lodged  singly  in  the  axils  of  the  perigonial  leaves  at  the  clavate  extremities  of 
short  branches.  — Large,  soft,  flaccid,  and  usually  pale-colored  plants,  inhabiting 
bogs  and  swampy  places ;  stems  erect,  mostly  simple,  capitate  at  the  summit  by 
the  crowded  branches  which  elsewhere  are  (3-7  together)  in  distinct  fascicles  ; 
branch-leaves  5-ranked,  between  broad-ovate  and  linear-lanceolate,  convolute- 
concave,  with  a  peculiar  reticulation,  composed  of  two  kinds  of  cellules,  one  kind 
(utricles)  large,  sub-fusiform,  colorless,  perforated,  and  lined  with  a  spiral  fila- 
ment (fibrillose),  except  in  No.  10;  the  other  kind  (ducts)  much  smaller,  linear, 
chlorophyllose,  running  between  the  contiguous  walls  of  the  utricles  and  form- 
ing the  angular-serpentine  network.  (20ayz>or,  the  ancient  name.)  Cross-sec- 
tions of  the  leaf  (see  Sulliv.  in  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  IV.  p.  174.  t.  4.  B.),  showing 
the  form  and  relative  position  of  the  utricles  and  ducts,  are  of  service  in  deter- 
mining the  species,  as  follows  :  — 

*  Duds  somewhat  elliptical,  situated  centrally  between  the  angular-rotund  utricle* 
and  not  extending  to  either  surface  of  the  leaf. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  11 

1.  S.  ryiiiMfolillin,    Dill.      Dioecious;    stems   robust,   6'- 18'  long; 
branches  4-6  in  a  fascicle,  tumid,  mostly  obtuse ;  stem-leaves  spatulate,  not 
fibrillose ;   branch-leaves  imbricated,  ovate,  cucullate  and  entire  at  the  apex ; 
capsule  with  stomata  in  its  wall.  —  Bogs,  &c. ;  common.  —  A  large  species,  dis- 
tinguished from  its  congeners  by  the  sharp  papillae  on  the  back  of  the  leaf  near 
the  apex,  and  by  the  striae  on  the  walls  of  the  cortical  utricles  of  the  branches. 
(Tab.  I.)     (Eu.) 

2.  S.  COtnpdctum,  Brid.     Dioecious?  stems  erect,  2' - 5' high,  densely 
caespitose,  with  one  layer  of  cortical  utricles ;  branches  2  -  3  in  a  fascicle,  short, 
crowded,  erect ;  branch-leaves  ovate-acuminate,  recurved-spreading,  broadly  mar- 
gined, truncate  and  toothed  at  the  apex ;  utricles  with  small  pores,  those  at  the 
point  of  the  narrowly  acuminated  perichaetial  leaves  not  fibrillose.  —  (S.  stric- 
tum,  Muse.  Alleyhan.,  No.  201.)  —  Springy  places  on  high  mountains,  Southern 
States,  Lesquereux,  Curtis,  Buckley.     (Eu.) 

3.  §.  roil  tort  ii  m,    Schultz.      Somewhat  stiff  and  dark-colored;  stems 
4' -6' high;  branches  attenuated,  more  or  less  contorted;  branch-leaves  rather 
secund,  ovate-lanceolate,  of  a  firm  texture  ;  utricles  very  narrow,  with  a  row  of 
small  pores  on  each  side.  —  Cranberry  marshes,  Northern  Ohio,  Lesquereux.  (Eu. ) 

4.  S.  Lescurii,    Sulliv.     (Muse.   Bor.-Amer.,  No.  6.)     Aspect  same  as 
that  of  small  forms  of  No.  1 ;  ramification  and  mode  of  growth  loose ;  branches 
2  -  3  in  a  fascicle,  distant ;  stem-leaves  Ungulate,  obtuse,  the  utricles  fibrillose ; 
branch-leaves  elongated-ovate,  truncate  and  dentate  at  the  apex,  the  ducts  cunei- 
form-elliptic, approaching  the  convex  surface  of  the  leaf;  perichaetial  leaves  quite 
large,  when  flattened  oval-ovate;  capsule  oblong-globose,  blackish,  much  ex 
serted. —  Wet  sandy  places  among  the  mountains  of  Alabama;  also  Dismal 
Swamp,  Virginia,  Lesquereux. 

5.  S.  tcnerum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  11.)     Stems 
2' -3' high,  caespitose;  branches  crowded,  deflexed;  stem-leaves  large,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  the  utricles  fibrillose ;   branch-leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  imbricated ; 
utricles  ample,  with  a  few  large  pores ;  ducts  nearly  cuneiform-elliptic,  approach- 
ing the  concave  surface  of  the  leaf;  perichaetial  leaves  ovate-subulate,  undulate 
on  the  convolute  margins  above,  the  utricles  mostly  not  fibrillose ;   capsule 
scarcely  emergent.  —  Margins  of  rivulets ;  Eaccoon  Mountains,  Alabama,  Les- 
quereux. 

6.  S.  liumile,    Schimper.     Caespitose;  stems  l'-2'  high,  with  3  layers 
of  cortical  utricles ;  branches  crowded,  spreading,  2-3  in  a  fascicle;  branch- 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  half  horizontal,  truncate  and  dentate  at  the 
apex,  narrowly  margined ;  utricles  broad,  with  large  pores.  —  Tallahassee,  Flor- 
ida, Rugel:  among  the  Lookout  Mountains,  Alabama,  Lesquereux. 

7.  S.  cyclophyllum,  Snlliv.  &  Lesqx.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  5.) 
Stems  2' -3'  long,  thick,  turgid,  flaccid,  with  only  one  layer  of  cortical  utricles, 
mostly  simple,  rarely  with  a  few  scattered  branches,  not  in  fascicles  ;  leaves  pale 
greenish-white,  narrowly  margined,  somewhat  constricted  at  base,  closely  imbri- 
cated, oblong-rotund,  entire  at  apex ;  ducts  as  in  No.  5 ;  flowers  and  fruit  un- 
known.    (S.  cymbifolium,  var.  turgidum,  Hook.  $-  Wils.  in  Drum.  Id  Coll.  Ab. 
17.) — New  Orleans,  Drummond:  mountains  of  Alabama,  Lesquereux.  —  (This 


12  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

and  No.  8  may  be  sterile  forms  or  incomplete  states  of  two  species  yet  cnkuoTra. 
They  approach  nearer  to  S.  cymbifolium  than  to  any  other  species ;  but  their 
leaves  have  a  closer  reticulation,  and  are  not  papillose  on  the  back  near  the 
apex,  nor  are  the  cortical  utricles  of  the  branches  marked  with  striae,  as  they 
are  in  the  last-named  species.) 

8.  S.  SCdoides,   Brid.    Form  and  ramification  of  the  stem  and  cross- 
section  of  the  leaf  same  as  in  the  last,  but  a  somewhat  smaller  plant,  and  not  so 
flaccid ;  leaves  mostly  of  a  dark  vinous  red,  oval,  entire  at  the  apex,  not  mar- 
gined ;  when  dry  absorbing  moisture  with  difficulty ;  flowers  and  fruit  not  seen 
—  Springy  places,  on  Table  Kock,  S.  Carolina,  Gray,  Lesquereux :  Mt.  Marcy, 
New  York,  Torrey.  —  (In  the  first-mentioned  locality  occurs   an   olive-green 
variety,  (?)  —  perhaps  S.  Pylaasii,  Brid.  —  smaller  in  all  its  parts;  branches 
somewhat  numerous,  short,  mostly  single,  and  with  closely-imbricated  leaves, 
much  smaller  than  the  distantly  placed  stem-leaves.  —  (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  4.) 

*  #  Ducts  oval,  situated  centrally  between  the  rotund  utricles,  and  extending  to  both 

surfaces  of  the  leaf. 

9.  S.  sqtiarrdsum,   Pers.     Monoecious;   stems  8' -12'  long,  robust, 
rigid ;  branches  deflexed,  attenuated,  5  in  a  fascicle ;  branch-leaves  ovate-acumi- 
nate, squarrose ;  stem  and  perichaetial  leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  not  fibrillose.  — 
Bogs,  &c. ;  common  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States,  and  westward.  —  A 
large  species.     (Eu.) 

10.  S.  macropliylluill,  Bernhardi.     Stems  slender,  stiff,  reddish,  4'- 
6'  long  ;  branches  short,  flat,  flabellifbrm,  2-3  in  a  fascicle;  branch-leaves  long, 
subulate,  straight,  spreading,  dentate  at  the  apex  ;  utricles  elongated,  with  7-9 
large  pores  in  a  line  along  the  centre,  and  remarkable  for  the  absence  of  a  spiral 
fibre ;  capsule  oblong,  concealed  by  the  perichsetial  leaves.  —  Swamps  near  the 
sea-coast,  New  Jersey  to  Florida :  also  Eaccoon  Mts.,  Alabama,  Lesquereux. 

#  #  #  Ducts  triangular,  situated  between  the  rotund  utricles  next  the  concave  surface 

of  the  leaf. 

11.  S.  acutifolium,  Ehrh.     Monoecious;  stems  5'- 10'  long,  slender; 
branches  crowded,  elongated,  attenuated,  mostly  pendent;  stem-leaves  lingu- 
late,  obtuse,  not  fibrillose ;  branch-leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  tapering  to  a  narrow 
truncate  point,  erect-patent;  capsule  much  exserted.  —  Frequent;  variable  in 
size :  foliage  often  tinged  with  red.  —  S.  rubellum,  Wils.  (common  in  Europe), 
closely  resembling  this,  but  a  smaller  species,  with  elliptical  leaves  and  dioecious 
inflorescence,  may  be  looked  for  within  our  limits.     (Eu.) 

12.  §.  fiiiibriatum,  Wils.    Monoecious;  much  like  and  formerly  con- 
founded with  No.  11,  but  a  more  delicate  species,  with  fimbriated  stem-leaves, 
and  large,  conspicuous,  obovate,  obtuse,  and  cucullate  perichsetial  leaves.— 
British  America,  Drummond.     ^Eu.) 

13.  S.  tabula  re,  Sulliv.     Stems  2' -3' high,  closely  caespitose;  branches 
densely  crowded,  short,  erect-patent ;  stem-leaves  large,  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute, 
fibrillose ;  branch-leaves  ovate-acuminate,  the  upper  half  spreading  and  undulate 
on  the  margins ;  perichaetial  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  broadly  bordered  above ; 
sporules    golden-yellow.  —  (S.    acutifolium,   var.  1    Muse.   Alleqhan.)  —Table 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  13 

Mountain,  N.  Carolina;  near  Mobile,  Alabama. — A  small  species,  with  foliage 
mostly  of  a  pale  brownish  or  yellowish  hue,  resembling  S.  molloscum,  but  that 
has  a  cross-section  of  the  leaf  like  No.  15  and  16. 

14.  S.  1116 Ho,  Sulliv.    Densely  caespitose;.  stems  2' -3'  high,  fragile,  con- 
cealed by  the  crowded  and  short  patent  branches ;  branch-leaves  oblong,  ovate- 
acuminate,  recurved-spreading  ;  perichaetial  leaves  orbicular-ovate.  —  Mountains 
of  N.  Carolina,  Gray :  Tallulah  Falls,  Georgia,  Lesquereux.  —  Has  remarkably 
soft  whitish  foliage. 

#  #  #  #  Ducts  triangular,  situated  between  the  rotund  utricles  next  the  convex  surface 
of  the  leaf. 

15.  S.  CUSpidatuni,  Ehrh.     Moncecious;  stems  6'  -10'  long  -t  fascicles 
of  4  -  5  deflexed  branches  distant ;  stem-leaves  lanceolate-acuminate,  recurved- 
patent,  when  dry  flattened  and  undulate  on  the  margins  (the  best  distinctive 
mark  of  the  species) ;  perichaetial  leaves  broad-ovate,  acute.  —  Var.  RBCURVUM, 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  when  dry  much  recurved.  —  Var.  PLUM6SUM,  growing 
in  water,  more  elongated  and  attenuated  in  all  its  parts.  — Not  uncommon  ;  New 
England  to  Louisiana.    Foliage  pale  green  or  yellowish-white.     (E'u.) 

16.  S.  Torreyamim,  Sulliv.     Stem  stiff,  a  foot  or  more  in  length; 
branches  4-5  in  a  fascicle,  12" -15"  long,  2" -3"  wide,  flat,  linear-lanceolate; 
leaves  elongated-lanceolate,  spreading,  straight,  broadly  margined,  erose-dentate 
at  the  apex;  fruit  unknown. — Ponds  and  slow-flowing  streams;  pine  barrens 
of  New  Jersey,  Torrey.  —  A  large  robust  species :  foliage  drab-colored,  of  a  firm 
texture. 

SUBORDER  H    ANDRJBACEJE. 

2.    ANDREA,    Ehrh.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  mitriform.  Operculum  none.  Capsule  oblong-oval,  dehiscing  by 
four  longitudinal  fissures,  and  sessile  upon  the  pedicellate  vaginula.  Inflores- 
cence monoecious  or  dioecious.  —  Small  alpine  or  subalpine  mosses,  of  a  dark 
brownish  or  blackish  color,  growing  on  rocks ;  stems  ascending,  rigid,  dichoto- 
mously  divided ;  leaves  with  or  without  a  costa,  of  a  firm  texture,  the  areolatior 
above  angular-rotund  and  small ;  below  oblong  and  large.  —  (A  personal 
name.) 

1.  A.  petrophila,    Ehrh.     Monoecious;  stems  4" -10"  long,  filiform, 
leafless  below ;  leaves  ovate-  and  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  spreading-incurved 
from  an  erect  base,  without  a  costa,  papillose  on  the  back,  the  point  oblique, 
often  with  a  hyaline  crenulate  margin.     (A.  rupestris,  Hedw.)  —  High  moun- 
tains; a  variable  species.     (Eu.) 

2.  A.  rupestris,  Turner.    Moncecious ;  leaves  spreading  or  secund  from 
an  ovate  base,  linear-lanceolate,  smooth,  concave ;  costa  continuous.    (A.  Rothii, 
Web.  fr  Mohr.)  —  White  Mts.,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Tab.  15.)   (Eu.) 

3.  A.  crassinc  rvia,  Bruch.    Monoecious ;  near  the  last,  but  die  leaves 
are  shining,  falcate-secnnd,  subulate  from  an  oblong  base,  cuspidate  by  the  large, 

s,  excurrent  costa,  which  is  papillose  at  the  point.  —  With  No.  2.     (Eu.) 


14  MUSCI.    (MOSSES.) 

SUBORDER  in.    BRYACE^. 

Dir.  I.    Acrocilrpi. 

Fruit  terminal  on  the  main  stem,  or  rarely  terminal  on  short  lateral  branches. 
A.  CLEISTOCAEPI.  —  Capsule  without  an  operculum,  rupturing  irregularly. 

TRIBE  I.    PHASCE^J. 

3.    ARCHIDIUIVI,    Brid.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  irregularly  ruptured  in  the  middle ;  the  lower  part  persistent.  Cap 
Bule  globose,  sessile  on  the  short  vaginula,  immersed.  Columella  none.  Spores 
large,  few  (8-15).  Inflorescence  monoecious :  male  flower  naked  or  2-leaved, 
axillary. — Minute  terrestrial  plants,  of  a  structure  more  simple  than  any  of  the 
suborder, hence  its  name  ('Ap^idiov,  a  beginning). 

1.  A.  Oliioeiisc,  Schimp.  Stems  at  first  erect,  l"-2"  high,  afterwards 
decumbent,  and  lengthened  by  innovations ;  leaves  lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the 
excurrent  costa,  slightly  denticulate  above,  the  perichaetial  much  larger ;  capsule 
terminal  on  a  short  lateral  branch.  (A.  phascoides,  Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  213.) 
—  Meadows  and  waste  fields,  Central  Ohio,  and  N.  Alabama.  (Tab.  15.) 

4.     PHASCUJH,    L.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  campanulate  or  cuculliform.  Capsule  roundish,  more  or  less  apicu- 
late,  shortly  pedicellate,  usually  immersed.  Columella  present.  Spores  numer- 
ous, muriculate :  inflorescence  monoecious.  —  Diminutive  species,  mostly  annual, 
growing  on  the  ground,  either  stemless  and  bulb-like,  or  with  a  short  stem, 
sparingly  divided;  leaves  costate  or  ecostate.  ($d(ncov,  an  ancient  name  for  a 
moss.)  — For  convenience,  the  genus  is  here  retained  in  its  former  extended  sense ; 
the  names  of  the  genera,  into  which  a  natural  arrangement  requires  the  species 
to  be  distributed,  being  used  for  sections. 

*  Plants  growing  from  a  confervoid  thallus.     Columella  fugacious. 

$  1.  EPHEMERUM,  Hampe.  — Stem/ess:  leaves  of  a  loose  rhomboidal  areolation . 
calyptra  campanulate-conic :  capsule  globose-ovate,  subsessile,  apiculate :  spores 
large :  male  flower  gemmiform,  at  or  near  the  base  of  the  fertile  stem. 

1.  P.  serratum,  Schreb.    Leaves  oblong  or  linear-lanceolate,  ecostate, 
deeply  serrate ;  capsule  purple,  shining.  —  Moist  ground;  edge  of  woods.    (Eu.) 

2.  P.  sessile,  Br.  &  Sch.    Leaves  lanceolate-subulate,  nearly  entire ;  costa 
excurrent,  more  or  less  obsolete  near  the  base.  —  Clayey  soil,  in  thin  woods, 
Central  Ohio.     (Eu.) 

3.  P.  crassinerviUHl,  Schwsegr.     Leaves   linear-lanceolate,   strongly 
and  irregularly  dentate  near  the  apex ;  costa  continuous,  not  excurrent.  —  With 
the  last.  —  Also  with  a  var.  1  having  the  leaves  near  the  apex  spinulose-dentate, 
(the  teeth  often  recurved,)  and  papillose  or  cristate  on  the  back  ;  spores  much 
larger:— probably  E.  spinulosum,  Br.  fr  Sch.,  mentioned  in  Wils.  Bryol.  Brit., 
p.  27. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  15 

4.  P.  coh&rens,  Hedw.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  strongly  serrate; 
costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  capsule  brownish-purple.  —  Kiver-banks,  Cen- 
tral Ohio.    (En.) 

*  *  Plants  without  a  confervoid  thallus.     Columella  persistent. 

{  2.  PHYSCOMITRELLA,  Schimp.—  Caulescent:  leaves  loosely  areolatetl : 
calyptra  campanulate-conic :  capsule  globose,  apiculate :  antheridia  naked,  axillary, 
with  paraphyses  globosely  distended  at  the  apex.  ( Closely  allied  to  Aphanorheg- 
ma  among  Funarieae.) 

5.  P.    patens,    Hedw.    Leaves  subsparulate-lanceolate,  serrate,  costate 
nearly  to  the  apex;  capsule  sometimes  exserted.  —  Moist  clayey  soil,  Central 
Ohio :  rare.     (Eu.) 

§  3.  ACATj  LON,  Mull.  —  Stemless,  bulb-like :  leaves  broad-ovate  or  obovate,  very 
concave,  recurved  at  the  apex,  with  a  lax  areolation :  capsule  globose,  entirely  con- 
cealed by  the  2  or  3  larye  subcucullate  perichcetial  leaves :  calyptra  minute,  cam 
panulate :  inflorescence  as  in  §  1. 

6.  P.  triquetrum,  Spruce.    Leaves  3-ranked,  carinate-concave,  shortly 
cuspidate  by  the  continuous  excurrent  costa,  the  perichajtial  ones  3  and  larger ; 
capsule  horizontal,  with  a  curved  pedicel.  —  On  dry  soil;  rare.     (Eu.) 

7.  P.  muticum,  Schreb.     Size  of  the  last;  leaves  not  carinate,  costate, 
the  perichajtial  ones  2;  capsule  erect;  pedicel  straight.  —  Moist  ground.     (Eu.) 

8.  P.  Schiinperianilin,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  26.)    Re- 
sembles the  last  two  species,  but  the  perichanial  leaves  near  the  apex  are  papil- 
lose on  both  surfaces,  erose-dentate  on  the  recurved  margins,  and  cuspidate  by 
the  costa  which  extends  scarcely  ^  of  the  way  towards  their  base,  the  other  leaves 
without  any  trace  ©f  a  costa ;  capsule,  pedicel,  and  calyptra  as  in  No.  7.  —  San 
Marcos,  Texas,  Wright. 

§  4.  PHASCUM  PROPER.  —  Stems  simple,  or  once  or  twice  divided  by  innovations  : 
leaves  costate ;  areolation  below  large,  loose,  oblong,  above  minute,  subquadrate, 
chlorophyl/ose :  calyptra  cuculliform :  capsule  globular,  acuminate.  —  (Resembles 
the  Pottieae.) 

9.  P.  ruspidutuin,  Schreb.     Leaves  elongated-lanceolate,   cuspidate, 
more  or  less  papillose  on  the  back  near  the  apex;  costa  excurrent;  capsule 
immersed  or  exserted  ;  antheridia  mostly  naked  in  the  axils  of  the  perichaetial 
leaves.  —  Old  fields ;  not  uncommon.    (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

4  5.  PLEURf  DIUM,  Brid.  —  Stems  erect  or  decumbent :  leaves  subulate,  costate, 
with  a  loose  and  oblong  hexagonal  reticulation :  calyptra  cuculliform  or  campanulate- 
conic  :  capsule  globular  or  ovate ,  sometimes  becoming  lateral  by  innovations  of  the 
stem. 

10.  P.  alteriiifblium,  Brid.    Lower  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper 
much  longer,  subulate  from  an  oblong  base ;  costa  excurrent,  with  the  point 
more  or  less  serrulate ;  capsule  ovate,  obtusely  acuminate ;  calyptra  cuculliform  ; 
male  flower  gemmiform,  axillary.  —  Old  fields,  &c. ;  common.  —  In  American 
forms  the  base  of  the  leaves  is  usually  more  closely  areolated  than  in  the  Eu- 

G.  M.  2 


16  siusci.     (MOSSES.) 

ropean,  and  the  point  is  more  strongly  serrulate  :  the  capsule  also  is  inclined  to 
an  oval  shape.     (Eu.) 

11.  P.  Stlbulatum,  Schreb.     Very  much  like  the  last,  but  the  base  of 
the  leaf  not  so  suddenly  dilated,  more  lanceolate,  the  point  not  so  serrulate ;  ca- 
lyptra  smaller ;  the  antheridia  naked  in  the  axils  of  the  perichastial  leaves.  — 
Pennsylvania  and  Rhode  Island  :  rare.     (Eu.) 

12.  P.  pallistre,  Br.  &  Sch.     Distinguished  from  the  last  two  species 
mainly  by  its  campanulate-conic  calyptra  4  -  5-lobed  at  the  base :  inflorescence 
as  in  No.  11.  —  Sandy  soil,  New  Jersey,  James.    Louisiana.     (Eu.) 

13.  P.  nervosiim,  Hook.     Upper  leaves  more  or  less  obovate-oblong, 
densely  areolated  above,  serrate  at  the  apex  of  the  lamina,  with  a  broad,  long- 
excuiTcnt  costa;   the  lower  leaves  much  smaller,  oblong,  acuminate,  closely 
appressed ;   capsule  ovate ;   pedicel  short ;   calyptra  cuculliform ;  male  flower 
gemmifonn  at  the  base  of  the  fertile  stem.  —  Pennsylvania,  Drummond. 

§  6.  ASTOMUM,  Hampe.  —  Stems  simple  or  branched,  perennial:  leaves  elon- 
gated, costate,  the  terminal  much  larger,  with  a.  loose,  hyaline  areolation  btloio ; 
above  minute,  subquadrate,  granulose:  calyptra  cuculliform:  capsule  globose  or 
ovate,  more  or  less  roslellate.  —  (Allied  to  the  Weisieae.) 

*  A/afe  flower  gemmiform,  axillary. 

14.  P.  crispnin,  Hedw.     Stems  divided  above,  bearing  several  capsules 
on  each  branch ;  leaves  crisped  when  dry,  shortly  cuspidate  by  the  strong  ex- 
current  costa,  the  lower  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  linear-lanceolate  from  an  ob- 
long base,  the  margins  above  strongly  convolute ;  capsule  globose,  apiculate, 
with  a  more  or  less  obscure  operculation.  —  It  is  uncertain  if  the  species  is  truly 
American ;  but  specimens  (imperfect)  from  Texas  and  Indiana  appear  to  belong 
to  it.     (Eu.) 

15.  P.  Sullivaiilii,  Schimp.     Resembles  the  last,  but  has  shorter  stems, 
not  so  much  branched ;  capsule  solitary,  shining,  bright  orange-colored ;  calyp- 
tra and  spores  smaller.  —  Very  common. 

16.  P.  llitidllllim,  Schimp.    Near  No.  15,  but  a  smaller  species,  with 
a  shining,  pale  chestnut-colored,  oval,  obliquely  rostellate  capsule,  its  pedicel 
thrice  as  long  as  in  the  last ;  calyptra  minute,  scarcely  descending  to  the  obscure 
line  of  operculation.  —  Central  Ohio  :  rare. 

*  *  Male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal  on  the  main  stem  or  its  branches. 

17.  P.  Ludovicialllim,  Sulliv.     Larger  than  No.  14  ;    leaves  very 
much  the  same  in  every  respect ;  capsule  oblong-oval,  obtusely  rostellate,  usu- 
ally 2-3  in  the  same  perichaeth,  borne  on  a  branch  arising  from  below  the  male 
flower.  —  (P.  crispum,  var.  rostellatum,  Schwcegr.  ?  Hook.  $•  Wits,  in  Drum.  2d 
Coll.,  No.  10.)  —  New  Orleans,  Drummond. 

5.    I*  KIT  CHI  A,    Schwoegr.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  mitriform,  lobed  at  the  base.  Capsule  obovate  or  oblong,  rostellate, 
pedicellate  :  collum  large.  Columella  present.  Spores  numerous,  usually 
yellow,  muriculate.  Inflorescence  momecious  :  male  flower  gemmiform,  termi- 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  1  7 

nal  on  a  short  branch.  —  Minute  terrestrial  perennials,  with  mostly  simple  stems 
and  lanceolate-subulate,  continuously  costate  leaves  of  a  loose  oblong  areolation 
at  their  base,  elsewhere  smaller,  compact  and  roundish.  (Named  after  BrucJi,  a 
distinguished  bryologist.) 

1.  B.  flexiiosa,  Schwaegr.     Stems  flexuose-erect,  simple  ;  leaves  distant, 
spreading  from  an  oblong  base,  long-subulate,  channelled,  denticulate  at  the 
apex  ;   capsule  obovate-oblong,  exserted,  abruptly  passing  into  a  rather  long 
slender  and  flexuous  pedicel,  covered  for  half  its  length  by  the  calyptra.  —  Var. 
NIGRICANS  :    Whole  plant  longer  ;    leaves  shorter,  appressed  ;  spores  larger, 
dark  brown.  —  New  England  to  Florida,  and  westward;  the  var.  on  Raccoon 
Mountains,  Alabama,  Lesquereux,  and  Cleavelaml,  Ohio,  Prof.  Cassels. 

2.  B.  Beyriclliaiia,  Hampe.    Has  (according  to  Schwaegrichen)  the 
leaves  and  pedicel  of  No.  1,  but  a  much  shorter  stem,  and  the  calyptra  entirely 
covering  the  oblong  capsule.  —  Maryland,  near  Baltimore,  Beyrich.     (Not  since 
detected.) 

3.  B.  brevipes,  Hook.     Stems  short;  leaves  as  in  No.  1,  but  erect,  over- 
topping the  globose-oval  somewhat  pyriform  capsule;   pedicel  short;   spores 
nearly  twice  as  large  as  in  the  first  species.  —  Louisiana,  Drummond. 

4.  B.  brevifolia,  Sulliv.     Size  of  No.  3;  leaves  much  shorter,  broader,  ' 
erect,  reaching  only  to  the  base  of  the  large  obovate-oblong  and  short-pedi- 
celled  capsule;  spores  as  in  No.  1.  —  (Bruchia  Vogesiaca,  var.  2,  Hook  $•  Wils. 
in  Drum.  2d  Coll.  No.  15  partly.)  —  Louisiana,  Druminond:  South  Carolina,  Rave- 
nel:  Texas,  Wright.     (Tab.  I.) 

5.  B.  Ravenclii,  Wils.  mss.    Almost  stemless  ;  leaves  lanceolate-subu- 
late ;  costa  excurrent  and  with  a  scabrous  apex  ;  capsule  globose-pyriform,  ob- 
tusely apiculate,  slightly  exserted,  short-pedicelled  ;  calyptra  strongly  papillose, 
8-10-lobed  at  the  base.  —  South  Carolina,  Bavenel.  —  (Very  near  the  Chilian 
B.  Hampeana,  C.  Mull.) 

B.  STEGOCABPI.  —  Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 
TRIBE  II. 


6.    GYUINOSTOMUM,    Hedw.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic-rostrate.  Capsule  suboval,  annu- 
late, exserted.  Peristome  none.  Inflorescence  dioscious  :  male  flower  terminal, 
gemmiform.  —  Earlier  small,  densely  csespitose  species,  with  linear-lanceolate  cos- 
tate leaves  of  a  close,  opaque,  rather  quadrate  areolation.  (Name  from  yu^i/or, 
naked,  and  ord/ia,  a  mouth;  no  peristome.) 

1.  G.  nirvii'ost  rii  in,  Hedw.      Stems   fastigiately  branched  ;   capsule 
obovate,  shining  ;  operculum  with  a  long  oblique  rostrum.  —  Frequent,  in  dense 
cushions,  on  wet  limestone  rocks.     (Eu.) 

2.  G.  rupestrc,   Schwa?gr.     Smaller  than  the  last  ;  capsule  oval,  and 
with  an  erect  elongated-conical  operculum.  —  In  similar  situations  with  No.  1  : 
variable.     (Tab.  I  )     (Eu.) 

52* 


18  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

7.    WEI  SI  A,    Hedw.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  rostrate.  Capsule  oval,  annulate,  exsert- 
ed. Peristome  single,  of  1 6  linear-lanceolate  articulated  teeth,  entire  or  perfo- 
rated, without  a  medial  line.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious.  —  Small 
species,  growing  on  the  ground ;  stems  more  or  less  fastigiately  branched ;  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  costate,  of  a  dense  and  somewhat  quadrate  areolation.— 
(Named  after  F.  W.  Weis,  a  German  cryptogamic  botanist.) 

1.  W.  vi rid  11  la,  Brid.  Leaves  very  much  involute  on  the  margins, 
crisped  when  dry ;  costa  slightly  excurrent.  —  Old  fields,  meadows,  &c. :  very 
common  and  variable.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

8.    RHABDOWEISIA,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  with  a  long  oblique  rostrum.  Capsule 
short-oval,  8-striated,  annulate,  exserted.  Peristome  single,  of  16  subulate  or 
lanceolate  teeth,  without  a  medial  line.  Inflorescence  monoecious :  male  flower 
terminal,  gemmiform.  —  Size  and  aspect  of  the  species  very  much  as  in  the  last 
genus,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  striated  capsule  (hence  its  name,  from 
pafidus,  a  stria,  and  Weisia). 

1 .  B.  f  iigax,  Br.  &  Sch.    Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  carinate,  costate  to 
the  apex,  nearly  entire  on  the  margins,  crisped  when  dry,  more  or  less  papillose ; 
the  areolation  dense  and  quadrate  above,  larger,  looser,  and  oblong  below ;  teeth 
of  the  peristome  subulate,  fugacious.  —  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire, 
Oakes;  rare.     (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

2.  B.  denticulata,  Br.  &  Sch.    Very  near  the  last,  but  rather  larger; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate,  approaching  to  lingulate,  coarsely  serrate  at  the  apex ; 
areolation  larger ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  lanceolate,  not  fugacious.  —  Crevices 
of  rocks,  on  high  peaks  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains ;  not  uncommon.     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  HI.    SELIGEKIE^E. 

9.    SELIGERIA,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  large,  obliquely  rostrate.  Capsule  glo- 
bose-pyriform,  exannulate,  exserted.  Peristome  single;  teeth  16,  lanceolate, 
obtuse,  without  a  medial  line.  Inflorescence  monoecious :  male  flower  gemmi- 
form, terminal.  —  Very  small,  almost  stemless  mosses,  growing  on  rocks ;  leaves 
lanceolate-subulate,  with  a  stout  excurrent  costa ;  the  areolation  dense,  except  at 
the  base.  (A  personal  name.) 

1.  §.  tristicha,    Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  2"  -3"  high,  3-ranked,  obtuse  at 
the  apex. —  (Weisia  calcarea,  Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  142.) — Limestone  rocks,  in 
shaded  ravines,  Central  Ohio.     (Tab.  15.)   (Eu.) 

2.  S.  recurvata,  Br.  &  Sch.     Resembles  the  last  (and  grows  with  it), 
somewhat  larger ;  leaves  not  3-ranked,  acute ;  capsule  not  so  globose,  pendu- 
lous on  a  longer  curved  pedicel,  erect  when  dry.     (Eu.) 


MTTSCI.     (MOSSES.)  19 

TRIBE  IV.    DICRANEJB. 
1C.    ARC  TO  A,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  inflated.  Operculum  large,  obliquely  rostrate.  Cap- 
sule oval  or  somewhat  turbinate,  ribbed  when  dry,  erect  or  inclined,  annulate, 
exserted.  Peristome  single  :  teeth  16,  lanceolate-subulate,  cloven  half-way, 
the  divisions  unequal.  Inflorescence  monoecious:  male  flower  gemmiform.— 
Densely  cjespitose  alpine  species,  growing  on  rocks,  with  long  lanceolate-seta- 
ceous falcate-secund  costate  leaves,  of  an  oblong  and  compact  areolation.  (Name 
from  apKTos,  north;  found  only  in  Northern  latitudes.) 

1-  A.  fill  veil  a,  Br.  &  Sch.  Leaves  fulvous,  with  a  strong  continuous 
costa  denticulate  at  the  apex ;  perichsetial  leaves  large,  sheathing,  overtopping 
the  capsule.  — White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

11.    CAMPiTLOPUS,    Brid.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  fringed  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic-rostrate.  Cap- 
sule oval,  regular  or  gibbous,  annulate,  ribbed  when  dry,  on  a  decurved  pediceL 
Peristome  single  :  teeth  16,  linear-lanceolate,  deeply  bifid;  segments  unequal. 
Inflorescence  dioecious :  male  flower  terminal.  —  Stems  densely  cajspitose,  dichot- 
omously  branched;  leaves  rigid,  lanceolate-setaceous,  with  a  broad  excurrent 
costa ;  areolation  large,  oblong  or  rhomboid  at  the  base,  elsewhere  much  smaller 
and  subquadrate.  (Named  from  KaprvXos ,  curved,  and  irovs ,  a  foot,  in  allusion 
to  the  curved  pedicel.)  (Tab.  15.) 

1.  C.  flexuosus,  Brid.    Stems  l'-2'  high,  radiculose;  leaves  erect-patent 
or  falcate-secund ;  capsules  aggregated  at  the  apex  of  the  stem,  regular  or  gib- 
bous.—  Shaded  rocks,  Grandfather  Mountain,  N.  Carolina,    (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.  i 

2.  C.  leucdtriclius,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  73.) 
Stems  densely  leaved  above,  claviform ;  leaves  erect-patent,  linear-lanceolate, 
with  a  long  hyaline  and  denticulate  hair-point ;  costa  very  broad,  strongly  lamel- 
lose  on  the  back.  —  On  rocks,  dry  woods,  Raccoon  Mts.,  Alabama,  Lesquereux. 

3.  C.  Leanus,  Sulliv.     Stems  fastigiately  branched ;  the  branches  termi- 
nated by  dense  heads  of  minute  oblong  bodies  (probably  abortive  leaves) ;  leaves 
lanceolate-subulate,  erect,  rather  secund,  the  costa  occupying  nearly  all  the  leaf. 
—  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania :  not  rare ;  on  very  much  decayed  stumps  and  logs. 
Resembles  the  young  growth  of  Dicranum  flagellare. 

12.    DICRANODONTIU1TI,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  not  fringed  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic-subulate. 
Capsule  elliptic-oblong,  annulate,  smooth,  pendulous  from  an  arcuate  pedicel. 
Peristome  single  :  teeth  16,  linear-lanceolate,  cloven  to  the  base;  their  divisions 
unequal.  Inflorescence  dioecious:  male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal.  —  Habit 
and  aspect  nearly  as  in  the  last  genus.  (Name  from  Sixpavos ,  fo  -ked,  and 
obvv,  a  tooth.) 


20  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

i.  D.  longirdStre,  Br.  &  Sch.  Stem  l'-3'  high,  with  innovations  from 
near  the  apex;  leaves  fragile,  more  or  less  falcate-secund,  subulate- setaceous 
from  a  dilated  base ;  costa  broad,  occupying  all  the  upper  portion  of  the,  leaf.  — 
On  rocks,  Alleghany  Mountains.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

13.    TREMATODON,    Eich. 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  inflated.  Operculum  subulate-rostrate.  Capsule  oval- 
oblong,  inclined,  with  a  very  long  collum,  annulate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome 
single :  teeth  1 6,  linear-lanceolate,  perforated,  or  more  or  less  cloven.  Inflores- 
cence dioecious :  male  flower  gemmiform.  —  Short-stemmed,  gregarious  plants, 
with  long  subulate-setaceous  and  continuously-costate  leaves.  (Name  from 
Tpfj^a,  a  perforation,  and  o8<av,  a  tooth.)  (Tab.  15.) 

1.  T.  longicollis,  Rich.  Capsule  with  a  narrow  linear  collum  of  twice 
its  length;  pedicel  1^'- 2' long,  slender,  flexuous,  straw-colored.  —  Clayey  and 
sandy  soil,  New  England  to  Florida,  and  Ohio,  Cassels.  (Tab.  15.) 

14.    DICRANUM,    Hedw.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  long-subulate-rostrate.  Capsule 
oval,  oblong  or  cylindrical,  regular  or  somewhat  gibbous,  erect  or  cernuous, 
long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  teeth  1 6,  linear-lanceolate,  cloven  half-way 
or  more  into  two  unequal  segments.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious : 
male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal.  —  Perennial  plants,  growing  on  the  ground 
or  on  rocks ;  stems  from  a  few  lines  to  several  inches  in  height,  fastigiatcly 
branched  and  continued  by  innovations  from  near  the  apex ;  leaves  mostly 
linear-lanceolate  and  lanceolate-subulate,  continuously  costate,  often  falcate- 
secund,  with  a  minute,  compact,  roundish  areolation  above.  (Name  from 
SiKpavos,  forked,  alluding  to  the  teeth.) 

§  1.  CYNOD6NTIUM,  Br.  &  Sch.  —  Leaves  more  or  less  papillose,  crenulate-ser- 
rate  at  the  apex;  the  areolation  uniform  at  the  base :  calyptm  injlated-cuculliform  : 
capsule  mostly  strumose  and  erect :  monoecious. 

1.  D.  gracilcscens,  Web.  &  Mohr.,  var.  toil  el  III  ill,  Bryol.  Europ. 
Stems  short,  4"- 10"  high;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  scarcely  papillose,  the  mar 
gins  above  plane,  the  costa  vanishing  at  the  apex ;  capsule  exannulate,  oval,  not 
strumose,  obsoletely  striate.     White  Mts.,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

2.  D.  ]>olyc;ii']>liJi),    Ehrh.     Stems  l'-2'  high;   leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, variously  curved,  somewhat  papillose  on  both  surfaces,  denticulate  at  the 
apex  and  at  the  base ;  capsule  oval-oblong,  erect,  regular,  or  gibbous-inclined 
and  strumose,  ribbed  when  dry ;  annulus  conspicuous.  —  Northern  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

3.  1>.  virens,  Hedw.,  var.  Wahlcnbergii,  Bryol.  Enrop.    More  ro- 
bust than  the  last ;  stems  often  3'  high ;  leaves  spreading,  flexuous,  lanceolate- 
subulate,  smooth,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  the  costa  nearly  excurrent ;  capsule 
oblong,  incurved,  cernuous,  prominently  strumose,  annulate.  —  Lake  Superior 
Agassiz.     (Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  21 

§  2.  DICRANELLA,  Schimp.  —  Small  species :  leaves  smooth,  more  or  less  serrate 
at  the  apex;  the  areolation  uniform  at  the  base:  calyptra  not  inflated:  capsule 
mostly  cernuous,  seldom  strumose:  dioecious. 

4.  D.  cerviculatiim,    Hedw.      Densely  caespitose,  yellowish-green; 
stems  short,  4" -6"  high;  leaves  lanceolate-subulate,  serrate  at  the  apex,  some- 
what secund,  with  a  broad  costa;  capsule  gibbous,  short,  globose-oval,  narrowly 
annulate,  strumose. — Bogs,  New  Jersey,  Torrey.     (Eu.) 

5.  D.  va  rill  111,  Hedw.     Stems  4"  -5"  high;  leaves  lanceolate-attenuated, 
nearly  entire  at  the  apex,  patent;  costa  slightly  excurrent;  capsule  oval  or  ob- 
long, more  or  less  oblique  and  incurved,  exannulate  ;  operculum  large,  shortly 
rostrate.  —  Clay-banks,  in  loose  patches  :  very  common  :  variable.     (Eu.) 

6.  D.  debile,    Hooker  &  Wilson.      Kesembles  small  forms  of  No.  5 ; 
stems  2" -3''  high,  mostly  simple,  leaves  erect;  the  lower  short,  ovate-lanceolate, 
rather  obtuse ;  the  upper  linear-lanceolate,  channelled,  and  with  entire  reflexed 
margins,  costate  to  the  apex;  capsule  oval,  erect;  operculum  with  a  small  conic 
base,  and  an  erect  subulate  rostrum  as  long  as  the  capsule ;  peristome  small : 
teeth  2-3-cleft  half-way,  below  red,  strigillose,  the  segments  scabrous;  annulus 
very  large,  deciduous,  triple ;  spores  rather  large ;  pedicel  yellow.  —  Clayey  soil, 
Mobile,  Alabama  * 

7.  D.  rufesceiis,  Turner.     Stem  short,  gregarious ;  leaves  reddish,  lax, 
linear-lanceolate,  falcate-secund,  the  margins  plane,  obscurely  denticulate ;  areo- 
lation loose ;  capsule  erect,  oval  or  somewhat  obovate,  exannulate ;  operculum 
large,  with  a  short  rostrum.  — Wet  clay-banks,  Pennsylvania,  Lesquereux.  —  Re- 
sembles No.  5.     (Eu.) 

8.  D.  SUblllatlim,   Hedw.    Loosely  caespitose;   stems   5"- 10"  high; 
leaves  secund,  somewhat  falcate,  long-subulate  from  a  lanceolate  base,  entire ; 
costa  predominant ;  capsule  ovate,  gibbous,  cernuous,  striated  when  dry ;  anna* 
lus  rather  large;  pedicel  red.  —  White  Mts.,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

9.  D.  Iu>ter6inalllini,  Hedw.     Somewhat  larger  than  the  last;  leaves 
secund,  slightly  falcate,  lanceolate-setaceous ;  costa  heavy,  vanishing  at  the  sub- 
denticulate  apex ;  capsule  cernuous  or  nearly  erect,  more  or  less  obovate  and  gib- 
bous, obliquely  plicate  when  dry ;  pedicel  pale  yellow.  —  Var.  ORTHOcARPUM 
has  an  erect  cylindrical  capsule.  —  Moist  ground;  very  common,     (Eu.) 

§3.  DICRANUM  PROPER.  —  Mostly  large  species:  stems  often  densely  tomentose 
for  their  whole  length  with  radicular  Jibres:  leaves  with  enlarged  yellowish  and  di- 
aphanous cellules  at  their  basal  angles:  capsule  cernuous  or  erect. 
#  Monoecious :  leaves  falcate  :  capsule  cernuous. 

10.  D.  Blyttii,  Bryol.  Europ.     Csespitose;  branches  fragile ;  leaves  soft, 
dull-green,  flexuose,  rather  secund,  crisped  when  dry,  the  costa  slightly  excur- 
rent; capsule  oval,  when  dry  strumose;  annulus  simple.  —  Alpine  and  sub- 
alpine  rocks,  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

11.  D.  Starkii,  Web.  &  Mohr.     Stems  l'-3'  long,  decumbent  at  the 
base ;  leaves  long,  subulate-setaceous  from  a  lanceolate  base,  secund,  not  crisped 
when  dry,  the  costa  shortly  excurrent ;  capsule  oblong,  gibbous,  strnmose,  stri 
ftted ;  annulus  double.  —  With  the  last.     (Eu.) 


22  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

*  #  Dioecious :  stems  tomentose :  capsule  erect,  regular. 

12.  I>.  montaniim,  Hedw.    Compactly  caespitose ;  leaves  bright-gr- sen 
soft,  patent,  rather  secund,  crisped  when  dry,  lanceolate-subulate,  sen-ate  on  the 
margin,  and  papillose  on  the  back  at  the  apex ;  costa  strong,  percurrent ;  cap- 
sule oblong,  sulcate  when  dry ;  annulus  double.  —  On  trunks  of  trees,  Goat  Isl- 
and, Niagara  Falls,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

13.  D.  flagellare,  Hedsv.     Near  the  last  species,  but  distinct  by  its  nu 
merous  fragile  and  short  erect  flagellae,  furnished  with  minute  appressed  lanceo- 
late ecostate  leaves ;  stem-leaves  greenish-yellow,  more  falcate-secund ;  the  cap- 
sule longer  and  narrower.  —  On  decayed  logs  in  woods ;  very  common.     (Eu.) 

14.  D.  interrupt!!!!!,  Br.   &   Sch.      Stems  l'-2'  high;  leaves  long, 
secund-falcatc,  or  spreading  every  way,  flexuous,  subulately  attenuated  from  a 
lanceolate  basej  costa  broad,  predominant,  denticulate  at  the  apex;  capsule 
cylindrical,  annulate,  dark  brown.  —  On  rocks  in  mountain  districts.  —  A  rathe? 
harsh,  dark-green  species,  somewhat  larger  than  No.  12  and  13.     (Eu  ) 

15.  D.  longifdlium,    Hedw.      Loosely  caespitose,  pale-green  ;   stems 
elongated,  slender,  arcuate-ascending;  leaves  circinate-secund,  very  long,  fili- 
formly  attenuated,  with  a  remarkably  broad  costa,  denticulate  on  the  margins 
and  the  back  at  the  apex ;  capsule  elliptic-cylindrical.  —  Shaded  rocks,  Alle- 
ghany  Mountains.     (Eu.) 

*  *  *  Dioecious :  stems  tomentose :  capsule  incurved-cernuous. 

16.  D.  SCOparilim,  L.     Loosely  caespitose;  stems  2'-4'high;  leaves 
secnnd  or  falcate-secund,   lanceplate-subulate,  carinate-concave,  serrate  at  the 
apex ;  costa  with  prominent  ridges  at  the  back,  dentate  above ;  capsule  cylin- 
drical, slightly  cemuous.  —  Var.  PALLIDUM  (Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  155)  has 
narrower  leaves,  with  a  looser  areolation,  the  lower  areolae  not  sinuous,  the  costa 
with  ridges  only  near  the  point ;  pedicel  pale  yellow.  —  Alleghany  Mountains ; 
rare.  —  The  variety  in  districts  not  mountainous,  and  very  common.     (Tab. 
16.)    (Eu.) 

17.  D.  elongattim.  Schwasgr.      Compactly  caespitose;  stems   slender, 
4' -5'  long;  leaves  lanceolate-subulate,  entire,  erect-patent;  capsule  gibbous- 
ovate,  striate,  annulate.  —  High  peaks  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains :  north  shore 
of  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

18.  D.  COngestum,  Brid.     Loosely  czsspitose;  leaves  spreading,  sub- 
secund,  flexuous,  lanceolate-subulate,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  crisped  when  dry ; 
costa  strong,  excurrent;  capsule  oval-oblong,  much  incurved,  striated.  —  On 
•rocks,  in  mountainous  districts ;  common.     (Eu.) 

19.  I>.  paliistrc,  Brid.      Stems  3' -4'  high;  leaves   spreading,  linear- 
lanceolate,  undulated,  serrate  on  the  margin  and  also  the  back  at  the  apex ; 
costa  slender  and  vanishing  below  the  point ;  capsule  oval-oblong,  slightly  in- 
curved, striated;  annulus  none.  —  In  cranberry  marshes,  Northern  Ohio,  Le*- 
quereux.     (Eu.) 

20.  D.  Schraderi,  Web.  &  Mohr.    Densely  tufted;  stems  3' -5' long; 
leaves  crowded,  erect-patent,  oblong-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  undulated,  the 
upper  half  serrated  on  the  margins  and  papillose  on  the  back ;  costa  ceasing 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  23 

below  the  apex;  capsule  incurved-oblong,  annulate.  —  Bogs,  in  mountainous 
districts.     (Eu.) 

21.  D.  spurium,  Hedw.     Stems   usually  short,  thick  and  condensed; 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  undulated,  serrate;  costa  serrated  on  the 
back  above,  ceasing  below  the  apex ;  capsule  cylindrical,  slightly  strumose  and 
incurved;  when  dry  strongly  ribbed.  —  (D.  pallidum,  Bryol.  Europ.?) — Dry 
sandy  soil,  Ohio,  and  Southern  States.     (Eu.) 

22.  D.  Uildulatuiu,  Turner.      Loosely  caespitose;  stems  4-6'  long, 
rolmst ;  leaves  widely  spreading,  the  upper  ones  falcate-secund,  linear-lanceo- 
late from  an  oblong  base,  very  much  undulated,  sharply  serrate  on  the  margin 
and  the  back  near  the  apex;  costa  slender;  capsule  cylindrical,  strongly  arcu- 
ate, on  long  pedicels,  2  to  5  from  the  same  perichajth.  —  On  the  ground,  in  dry 
woods ;  common.     (Eu.) 

23.  D.  f>i  iimiitoiHlii,  Mull.  — Very  like  No.  22,  but  distinguished  by 
its  longer  and  narrower  leaves,  not  so  sharply  serrate,  papillose  only  on  the 
back,  and  cirrhose-crisped  when  diy.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire, 
Oakes:  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

15.    t  Fit  4  TO  DO  IV,    Brid.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  subrostellate.  Capsule  cylindrical, 
eubcernuous,  annulate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  linear- 
lanceolate,  cloven  nearly  to  the  base  into  two  equal  segments;  their  articula- 
tions prominent.  Inflorescence  dioecious,  terminal:  male  flower  gemmiform. — 
Densely  caespitose  plants,  with  fastigiate  ramification  ;  leaves  lanceolate  or  lance- 
olate-subulate, costate ;  the  areola3  above  dense,  roundish  and  small,  below  larger 
and  diaphanous.  (Name  from  Ktpas,  a  horn,  and  oScoi/,  a  tooth,  the  teeth  of  the 
peristome  being  nodulose  like  a  goat's  horn.) 

1.  C.  piirpui'Oiis,  Brid.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  carinate,  the  margins 
recurved ;  costa  excurrent ;  capsule  purplish-red,  shining,  ribbed  and  strumose. 
when  dry.  —  Very  common  everywhere  :  on  the  ground.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  V.    LEUCOBRYE^. 

16.     LEUCOBRYUM,    Hampe.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  with  a  long-subulate  rostrum.  Capsule 
oblong-cernuous,  strumose,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  as  in  Dicranum.  In- 
florescence monoecious  :  male  flower  terminal.  —  White  or  pale-glaucous  mosses, 
growing  in  dense  compact  masses  ;  stems  dichotomously  branched ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate-subulate, ecostate,  composed  of  two  or  more  layers  of  large,  pellucid, 
empty,  rectangular-oblong,  perforated  cellules,  with  minute  3-4-sided  intercel- 
lular chlorophyllose  passages.  (Name  composed  of  Aeweos,  white,  and  ftpvov, 
a  moss,  from  its  pallid  color.) 

1.  L..  glaucum,  Hampe.  Stems  3'- 6'  high,  leaves  fragile,  crowded, 
convolute  above;  capsule  reddish-brown,  ribbed  when  dry.  —  (Dicranum  glau- 
cum,  Htdve.)  —  About  the  roots  of  trees  in  moist  ground,  margins  of  swamps, 


24  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

&c. ;  common :  ripens  its  fruit  (which  is  scarce)  in  October  and  November. 
(Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 

2.  I.,  minus,  Hampe.  Besides  numerous  discrepancies,  singly  of  not 
much  importance,  this  species  differs  from  the  last  in  its  much  smaller  size,  its 
preference  for  dry  localities,  and  the  time  (May  and  June)  of  ripening  its  fruit. 

—  On  the  ground,  dry  woods;  not  rare.     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  VI.    FISSID^NTE^E. 

17.     FISSIDENS,    Hedw.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  or  conic-mitriform.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong,  erect  or 
cernuous,  rather  long-pedicellate.  Operculum  conic-rostrate.  Peristome  single : 
teeth  16,  geniculate-inflexed  :  —  otherwise  as  in  Dicranum.  Inflorescence  various. 

—  Frond-like  plants ;  the  leaves  exactly  two-ranked,  inserted  on  opposite  sides  of 
the  stem,  their  proper  lamina  infoldcd-boat-shaped,  producing  from  the  keel  an 
equitant  blade,  which  forms  the  principal  portion  of  the  leaf;  areolation  minute, 
hexagonal-rotund.     (Name  from  the  Latin  Jissus,  split,  and  dens,  a  tooth.) 

#  Fruit  terminal. 

1.  F.  hyalhius,  Hook.  &  Wils.      Stems  l"-2"  high,   erect,   simple; 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  without  any  costa ;  areolation  large  and  hya- 
line ;  capsule  erect,  oval ;  calyptra  conic,  entire  at  the  base.  —  Damp  earth,  in 
shady  woods,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio  :  found  only  by  the  late  T.  G.  Lea. 

2.  F.  obtusifolillS,  Wils.     Stems  simple,  2" -3"  high;  leaves  oblong- 
oval,  very  obtuse,  costate  nearly  to  the  apex ;  capsule  obovate-oval ;  operculum 
convex-conic,  with  a  very  short  rostrum ;  spores  large ;  calyptra  cuculliform : 
dioecious ;  male  flower  terminal.  —  Wet  and  shaded  rocks,  near  rivulets ;  Cen- 
tral and  Southern  Ohio. 

3.  F.  oxijf  lilts,  Sulliv.     Size,  inflorescence,  and  calyptra  as  in  the  last ; 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  costa  ceasing  near  the  apex ;  capsule  oval,  somewhat 
oblique;  operculum  rather  short-rostrate. — Damp  rocks  in  shaded  ravines,  &c. ; 
common. 

4.  F.  millUtulllS,  Sulliv.     Size,  inflorescence,  and  calyptra  as  in  the 
two  preceding  species ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  with  a  transparent  wavy  bor- 
der ;  costa  vanishing  near  the  summit ;  capsule  oval,  erect ;  operculum  rather 
long-rostrate.  —  With  the  last. 

5.  F.  foryoides,  Hedw.     Somewhat  larger  than  the  last  three;  capsule 
and  operculum  same  as  in  No.  4 ;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  with  a  thickened 
border;  costa  excurrent;  calyptra  cuculliform:  monoecious;  male  flowers  nu- 
merous, axillary.  —  Moist  and  shaded  banks.     (Eu.) 

6.  F.  Ravem'Iii,  Sulliv.     Size,  calyptra,  and  inflorescence  as  in  No.  2  ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate,  costate  to  the  apex,  subpapillose,  repand-dentate  on  the 
pellucid  margins  of  the  true  lamina,  denticulate  on  the  blade ;  areolation  minute, 
opaque;  capsule  elliptic-oblong,  papillose.     (Mem.  Amer.^Acad.,  n.  ser.,  4,  p. 
171,  t.  2.) — Damp  ground,  S.  Carolina,  Ea.ve.nel,  Curtis. 

7.  F.  osmundioidos,    Hedw.    Stems  erect,  l'-lj'  high,  branched; 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  25 

leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate,  the  costa  vanishing  war  the  apex ;  capsule 
oval-oblong,  erect  or  oblique ;  operculum  long-rostrate  ;  calyptra  subulate  from 
a  mitriform  lobed  base ;  inflorescence  as  in  No.  2.  —  On  the  roots  of  trees,  in 
swainps.  (Eu.) 

*  *  Fruit  axillary. 

8.  F.  subbasilaris,  Hedw.      Stems  5"- 10"  high,  densely  cajspitose, 
radiculose,  branched ;  leaves  elongated-oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate,  eroded-dentic- 
ulate at  the  summit,  near  which  the  costa  vanishes ;  capsule  erect,  oval-oblong 
on  a  pedicel  arising  from  near  the  base  of  the  stem ;  operculum  long-rostrate ; 
calyptra  cuculliform.  —  On  decayed  logs  and  trees,  near  the  ground. 

9.  F.  taxifdlillS,  Hedw.     Stems  5" -8"  high,  branched  and  fasciculate 
from  the  base ;  leaves  elongated-oblong,  minutely  denticulate  on  the  subpellu- 
cid  margin,  obtuse ;  costa  shortly  excurrent ;  capsule  oblong  or  obovate,  inclined 
or  horizontal ;  operculum,  calyptra,  and  origin  tof  the  pedicel  as  in  the  last : 
monoecious;  male  flower  gemmilbrm  at  the  base  of  the  fertile  stem.  —  Woods, 
in  sandy  soil.     (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

10.  F.  adiailtoides,  Hedw.     Stems  much  branched,  1'- 3'  long;  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  serrulate,  2  or  3  rows  of  the  marginal  cellules  transparent; 
costa  pi-rcurrent ;  capsule  oval-oblong,  inclined  ;  pedicel  from  the  middle  of  the 
stem  ;  operculum  and  calyptra  as  in  No.  8 ;  inflorescence  as  in  No.  5.  —  Shaded 
moist  places,  on  the  ground,  and  on  wet  rocks.     (Eu.) 

11.  F.  polypodioides,  Hedw.     Stems  broad,  1'-  2'  high;  leaves  ovate- 
or  elongated-oblong ;  costa  vanishing  at  the  subdenticulate  obtuse  apex ;  capsule 
obovate-oblong ;  operculum  subulate-rostrate  from  a  large  rather  hemispherical 
base ;  pedicel  short,  flexuous,  arising  from  the  upper  part  of  the  stem ;  calyptra 
cuculliform  :  dioecious.  —  Wet  rocks,  Georgia,  Lesquereux. 

12.  F.  graildifrons,  Brid.    Stems  erect,  2'  -  3'  high,  sparingly  branched ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate,  thick,  composed  of  several  strata  of  cellules,  the  costa 
ceasing  below  the  apex;  fertile  flower  gemmiform,  axillary,  containing  30-60 
archegonia;  male  flower  and  fruit  unknown. — Niagara  Falls  (American  side), 
on  the  perpendicular  faces  of  rocks,  moistened  by  the  spray.     (Eu.) 

18.     CONOMITRIUITI,    Montagne.         (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  small,  campanulate-mitriform,  lobed  at  the  base.  Operculum 
hemispherical,  apiculate.  Capsule  immersed  spherical,  nearly  eessile,  exan- 
nulate.  Peristome  none.  Inflorescence  numccious  or  hermaphrodite :  para- 
physes  globosely  distended  at  the  apex. — A  genus,  by  its  feeble  dehiscence, 
globose  capsule,  and  the  characters  of  vegetation,  forming  an  intermediate 
link  between  Physcomitrella  among  Cleistocarpous,  and  Physcomitriuru 
among  Stegocarpous  Mosses.  (Name  from  dyavrje:,  unapparent,  and  fa} pa, 
rupture,  or  suture  ;  L  e.  dehiscence  obscure.) 

1.  C.  Jllliaillini,  Mont.  Stems  2'-5'  long,  filiform,  floating,  much 
divided ;  leaves  distant,  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  costate  to  the  apex ;  capsule 
obconic,  tapering  into  a  short  pedicel,  the  two  together  scarcely  longer  than  the 
operculum,  whose  rostrum  only  is  covered  by  the  calyptra.  —  Ohio  and  south- 
ward, attached  to  stones  in  shallow  brooks,  &c.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 
53 


26  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

TRIBE  VII.    TRICHOST^ME^E. 

19.     TRICHOSTOMIJTH,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliforra.  Operculum  conic-rostrate.  Capsule  oval  or  cylindri 
cal,  mostly  erect,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  teeth  32,  linear,  approxi- 
mate in  pairs.  Inflorescence  various.  —  Plants  growing  on  the  ground  or  on 
stones,  of  a  rather  rigid  habit ;  stems  simple  or  dichotomously  divided ;  leaves 
varying  from  lanceolate  to  lanceolate-subulate,  costate  to  or  beyond  the  apex ; 
areolation  loose  below,  dense  and  roundish  above.  (Name  from  6pii~,  a  hair, 
and  uTOfM,  a  mouth,  in  allusion  to  the  capillary  teeth  of  the  peristome.) 

1  T.  tortile,  Schrad.  Stems  mostly  simple,  3" -5"  high  ;  leaves  lance- 
olate-subulate, spreading,  often  subsecund,  reflcxed  on  the  margin ;  costa  excur- 
rent ;  capsule  cylindrical ;  operculum  shortly  rostrate ;  annulus  simple :  dioecious ; 
male  flower  terminal.  —  Road-sides,  clay-banks  :  frequent.  (Tab.  15.)  (Eu.) 

2.  T.  teime,  Hedw.     Distinguished  from  small  forms  of  the  last,  which 
it  much  resembles,  mainly  by  its  large  double  annulus,  firmer  and  brownish-red 
capsule,  and  the  plane  (not  reflexed)  margin  of  the  leaf.  —  Pennsylvania,  accord- 
ing to  Hedwig.     (Eu.) 

3.  T.  V Sicilian*,    Sulliv.      Stems   6" -10"  high,   slender;   stem-leaves 
erect,  appressed,  ovate-lanceolate;  the  perichaetial  leaves  sheathing,  suddenly 
attenuated,  spreading  at  the  apex,   the  costa  strong  and  excurrent ;  capsule 
oval-oblong ;   teeth  of  the  peristome   short,  anastomosing  in  pairs ;  annulua 
double,  very  large,  its  width  equal  to  half  the  length  of  the  teeth ;  pedicel  slen- 
der, flexuous;  operculum  elongated-conic,  obtuse;  inflorescence  as  in  No.  1. — 
Sides  of  ditches  and  roads,  Pennsylvania  and  New  England. 

4.  T.  pdlliduin,  Hedw.      Stems  short,  3" -4"  high;  leaves  long-seta- 
ceous from  a  lanceolate  base ;  costa  broad,  excurrent,  denticulate  at  the  apex ; 
capsule  oblong-elliptic.  —  Clayey  grounds ;  frequent.  —  Conspicuous  by  its  na- 
merous,  long  (l^'-2'  high)  straw-colored  pedicels;  monoecious;  male  flower 
gemmiform,  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves.     (Eu. ) 

5.  T.  glaucesccns,  Hedw.     Stems  densely  cajspitose,  6"- 10"  high, 
fastigiately  branched ;  lower  leaves  small,  remote,  lanceolate ;  the  upper  larger, 
and  crowded  into  a  terminal  tuft,  linear-lanceolate,  costate  to  the  apex,  the  plane 
margins  denticulate  above;  capsule  oval-oblong;   operculum  elongated-conic. 
Shores  of  Lake  Superior,  Ayassiz. — Remarkable  for  the  glaucous  hue  of  its 
foliage.     (Eu.) 

2O.    BARBULA,    Hedw.        (Tab.  15.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  subulate-conic.  Capsule  oval-oblong  or 
cylindrical,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  32,  very  long,  filiform, 
contorted,  connected  at  the  base  by  a  short  or  long  tubular  membrane.  Inflo- 
rescence various.  — In  habit,  ramification,  texture,  and  mostly  in  the  form  of  the 
leaves,  allied  closely  to  Trichostomum :  differing  chiefly  in  the  torsion  of  the 
peristome.  (Name  a  diminutive  of  barba,  beard,  in  allusion  to  the  capillary 
peristome.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  27 

*  Teeth  of  the  peristome  arising  from  a  short  basilar  membrane. 

1.  B.  llllguicillflta,  Hedw.     Stems  £'-!'  high,  branched;  leaves  erect- 
patent,  oblong-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  shortly  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa, 
revolute  on  the  margins ;  capsule  cylindrical,  erect ;  annulus  none :  dioecious ; 
male  flower  terminal.  —  Clayey  soil,  &c. ;  frequent.     (Tab.  15.)   (Eu.) 

2.  B.  CcCSpitosa,  Schwaegr.     Stems  short,  condensed ;  leaves  crowded, 
linear-oblong,  shortly  acuminate,  cuspidate  by  the  slightly  excurrent  costa,  un- 
dulate on  the  margins ;  capsule  cylindrical,  erect  or  subarcuate ;  annulus  none  : 
monoecious ;  male  flower  axillary.  —  Woods,  about  the  roots  of  trees.  —  Readily 
known  by  its  pale-green  foliage,  and  yellow  capsule  with  a  red  operculum.   (Eu.) 

3.  B.  convollita,  Hedw.     Stems  short,  crowded ;  leaves  spreading,  ob- 
long-ianceolate,  rather  obtuse,  the  margins  plane ;  costa  ceasing  at  or  below  the 
apex;  perichietial  leaves  oblong,  almost  truncate,  convolute,  the  upper  ones 
ecostate;  capsule  cylindrical,  oblique;  annulus  distinct;  pedicel  (!' high)  yel- 
low; inflorescence  dioecious.  —  Raccoon  Mts.,  Alabama,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

4.  B.    tortlldsa,    Web.   &  Mohr.       Stems    l'-3'    high,   dichotomously 
branched ;  leaves  very  long,  linear-lanceolate,  spreading,  flexuosc,  undulated  on 
the  margins,  crisped  when  dry,  costa  slightly  excurrent;  capsule  cylindrical, 
inclined  :  dioecious.  —  On  rocks,  Alleghany  Mountains.  —  One  of  the  largest 
species  of  the  genus.     (Eu.) 

5.  B.  squarrdsa,  Notaris.    Stems  loosely  caespitose,  l'-2'  long,  branched ; 
leaves  long,  from  a  broad  sheathing  base,  squarrose-recurved,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, denticulate  above,  undulate,  crisped  when  dry,  longer  and  crowded  at  the 
apex  of  the  stem,  the  margins  below  diaphanous;   costa  slightly  excurrent. 
(Capsule  cylindrical,  slightly  inclined ;  annulus  simple  :  dioecious.    Bryol-.  Eur.) 
—  On  trees,  in  a  cedar  swamp,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  south  of  Lebanon,  Wilson 
County,  Tennessee,  Robinson,  1842.     Without  fruit.     (Eu.) 

*  *  Teeth  of  the  peristome  arising  from  a  long  tubular  and  tessellated  membrane. 

6.  B.  inucroiiifulia,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  short  and  thick ;  leaves  con- 
densed, oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa;  capsule 
cylindrical,  regular  or  slightly  curved ;  annulus  double  ;  operculum  rather  short : 
inflorescence  as  in  No.  2.  —  Rocky  banks  of  streams,  &c. ;  frequent.     (E«.) 

7.  B.  ruralis,  Hedw.     Stems  l'-3'  high,  branched,  loose;  leaves  squar- 
rose-recurved, oblong  or  obovate,  very  obtuse,  concave-carinate,  reflexed  on  the 
margins ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  long,  spinulose-dentate,  white,  capillary  point ; 
capsule  subcylimlrical,  erect  or  slightly  arcuate,  annulate  :  dioecious.  —  On  rocks* 
Nahant,  Massachusetts,  D.  Murray:  Texas,  Wright.     (Eu.) 

*  *  *  Inflorescence  and  fruit  unknown. 

8.  B.  papillosa,  Wils.     Stems  short  (3" -4"  high),  thick,  crowded; 
leaves  close,  recurved-sprcading,  oblong-spatulate,  very  concave  above,  shortly 
hair-pointed,  papillose  on  the  back;  areolae  rather  large,  quadrate,  gran ulose, 
those  at  the  base  larger,  oblong,  pellucid ;  costa  percurrent,  bearing  crowded 
slightly  pedicellate  gemmse  on  its  papillose  upper  surface,  each  composed  of  2 
to  5  clustered  roundish  green  cellules.  —  (Pottia  Russellii,  Sulliv.  mss.,  1848.)  — 
Trunks  of  Elm  trees,  Mass.,  J.  L.  Russell,  1843;  common.  —  Until  lately  con- 
sidered a  geramiparous  state  of  the  last  species.     (Eu.) 


28  MCSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

91.     DESMATODON,    Brid.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculura  conic,  obtusely  rostrate.  Capsule  oval- 
oblong  or  cylindrical,  annulate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  tedth  16, 
subulate,  2  -  3-cleft,  united  by  a  basilar  membrane.  Inflorescence  monoecious 
or  dioecious.  —  Plants  of  rather  low  stature,  growing  on  the  ground  or  on  rocks, 
in  general  habit,  ramification,  and  structure  of  leaves  having  much  in  common 
with  Trichostomum  and  Barbula.  —  (Name  from  Seoyw,  -aro?,  a  band,  and  oStov, 
a  tooth,  in  allusion  to  the  membrane  uniting  the  teeth.) 

1.  D.  arennceilS,    Sulliv.   &  Lesqx.      (Muse.   Bor.-Amer.,   No.   93.) 
Stems  2"  -3"  high,  gregarious ;  leaves  oblong,  linguseform,  very  obtuse,  slightly 
denticulate  at  the  apex ;  apiculate  by  the  cxcurrent  costa ;  capsule  cylindrical, 
tapering  into  the  pedicel  (4"- 5"  long) ;  annulus  simple,  persistent;  teeth  of  the 
peristome  2-cleft,  straight,  white.  —  Sandstone  rocks,  Ohio. — Near  D.  flavicans. 

2.  D.  plinthdbillS,  Sulliv.   &  Lesqx.     (Muse.   Bor.-Amer.,   No.   94.) 
Stems  2"  -  5"  high,  fastigiately  branched ;  leaves  erect,  elongated-oblong,  very 
obtuse,  carinate-concave,  narrowly  reflexed  on  the  margins ;  areolation  minute, 
opaque,  dot-like  above,  larger  oblong  and  pellucid  below;  costa  excurrent  into 
a  smooth  white  hair-point  nearly  as  long  as  the  leaf;  capsule  elliptic-cylindrical, 
its  mouth  orange-red ;  operculum  J  the  length  of  the  capsule ;  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome pale  yellow,  more  or  less  cloven  along  the  medial  line ;  annulus  large  : 
dioecious.     (Barbula  muralis,  James;  not  of  Hedtv.)  —  Grows  in  hoary  or  pale- 
green  and  dense  patches,  011  brick  pavements,  Charleston,  S.  Carolina,  Ravenel : 
on  the  walls  of  the  College  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  Lesquereux.     (Tab.  16.) 

22.    DIDYMODON,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  shortly  and  obtusely  rostrate.  Cap- 
sule subcylindrical,  annulate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single  :  teeth  16, 
linear-lanceolate,  entire,  or  more  or  less  bifid,  rather  short,  fugacious,  and  with- 
out a  basilar  membrane.  Inflorescence  various.  —  Very  nearly  allied  to  the  last- 
genus  ;  and  it  is  questionable  if  either  is  entitled  to  rank  higher  than  as  a  section 
of  Trichostomum.  (Name  from  StSv/nos,  twin,  and  oficov,  a  tooth.)  (Tab.  16.) 

1.  D.  rilbellus,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  £'-!'  high,  loosely  csespitose;  leaves 
spreading,  oblong-lanceolate,  recurved  on  the  margins,  costate  to  the  apex,  the 
upper  ones  dull-green,  the  lower  reddish ;  annulus  simple  ;  antheridia  naked  in 
the    axils   of  the  perichtetial   leaves.  —  Pennsylvania,  on  the  ground  ;   rare 
(Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 

2.  D.  luridllS,  Hornsch.      Rather  smaller  than  the  last;    leaves  lurid- 
green,  rigid,  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  reddish-brown  costa,  ceasing  at  the  apex ; 
peristome  minute,  irregular  ;  male  flower  terminal  on  a  separate  plant.  —  Falls 
of  Niagara,  Drummond.     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  VIII.    DISTICIllE^S. 
23.    DISTICHITJM,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab   16.) 
Calyptra  cuculliform,  long-rostrate.     Operculum  conic,  short.    Capsule  oval- 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  29 

oblong  or  oyltndricai,  annulate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16, 
linear-lanceolate,  more  or  less  cloven  and  perforated.  Inflorescence  monoecioos. 
—  Alpine  species,  growing  upon  moist  rocks ;  stems  densely  casspitose,  dichoto- 
mously 'branched,  with  distichous  and  subulate-setaceous  costate  leaves,  of  an 
areolation  dense  roundish  above,  enlarged  diaphanous  below.  (Name  from 
Sicm^of,  two-ranked,  referring  to  the  leaves.) 

1.  D.  capillaceiim,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  l'-2'  high;  leaves  abruptly 
long-subulate  from  a  dilated  sheathing  base,  spreading,  flexuose,  the  costa  per- 
current;  capsule  subcylindrical,  erect;  antheridia  axillary,  naked.  —  Northern 
shore  of  Lake  Superior,  Agassis.     (Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 

2.  D.  incliiiatiim,  Br.  &  Sch.    Not  so  tall  as  the  last;  leaves  more 
crowded  and  narrower,  the  perichaetial  ones  3-ranked  ;  capsule  cernuous,  oval ; 
antheridia  with  perigonial  leaves.  —  Northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  Agas- 
siz.     (Eu.) 

24.    EUSTICHITJM,    Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  16.) 

1.  E.  NorvegicniU,  Bryol.  Europ.  Stems  frond-like,  flat,  mostly  sim- 
ple (about  1'  long  and  1"  broad),  rooting  only  at  the  bulb-like  base;  leaves  2- 
ranked,  complicate,  closely  imbricating,  erect ;  those  on  the  middle  of  the  stem 
elongated-oblong,  obliquely  truncate,  shortly  acuminate,  increasing  in  size  as 
they  ascend ;  the  perichsetial  leaves  attenuated  into  a  long  and  linear,  flexuous, 
pellucid,  flat,  equitant,  and  slightly  serrulate  point  longer  than  the  lamina ;  are- 
olation above  subrotund,  below  oblong,  that  of  the  point  of  the  perichaetial 
leaves  linear ;  costa  percurrent,  its  upper  part  narrowly  winged :  dioecious  ;  flow- 
ers of  both  kinds  terminal:  fruit  unknown.  —  Pendent  on  the  perpendicular 
faces  of  sandstone  rocks,  six  miles  south  of  Lancaster,  Fairfield  County,  Ohio. 
—  The  only  other  certain  habitat  recorded  for  this  very  interesting  Moss  is  Ice- 
land. That  of  Norway  is  apparently  a  mistake.  —  It  is  probably  closely  allied 
to  Fissidens.  (Sulliv.'in  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  3.  p.  57. 1. 1.)  (Tab.  16.) 

TRIBE  IX.    POTTIES. 

25.    POTTIA,    Ehrh.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  depressed-conic,  more  or  less  rostrate. 
Capsule  obovate-truncate  or  oval-oblong,  exserted  or  immersed.  Peristome 
none.  Inflorescence  monoecious  :  male  flower  axillary.  —  Small  annual  or 
biennial  plants,  growing  on  newly  exposed  soil,  with  entire  ovate-oblong  or 
obovate-lanceolate  and  rather  broadly  costate  leaves,  of  a  quadrate  or  rectan- 
gular areolation,  enlarged  at  the  base.  (Named  in  memory  of  Professor  J.  F. 
Pott,  a  German  botanist.) 

1.  P.  truncata,  Br.  &  Sch.  Stems  2"  -4"  high,  gregarious,  simple  or 
branched  ;  leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  capsule 
obovate,  truncate;  operculum  obliquely  rostrate.  —  (P.  eustoma,  Ehrh.  Gym- 
nostomum  truncatulum,  Hcdw.)  —  On  the  ground,  New  England  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. (Tab.  16.)  (Eo.) 

53* 


30  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

TRIBE  X.    TETRAPHfDE JE. 

26.     TETRAPHIS,    Hedw.        (Tab.  16  )       - 

Calyptra  mitriform,  large,  irregularly  plicate,  lacerate  at  the  base.  Opercu- 
lom  acutely  ;onic.  Capsule  subcylindrical,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single  : 
teeth  4,  three-sided,  elongated-pyramidal,  longitudinally  striated  on  the  back, 
not  articulated.  Inflorescence  monoecious :  male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal. 
—  Perennial,  growing  on  much  decayed  wood  ;  stems  slender,  simple  or  branched, 
often  bearing  it  their  apex  leafy  cup-shaped  receptacles  filled  with  lentiform 
pedicelled  gemmae ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  3-ranked,  costate,  with  an  hexag- 
onal-rotund areolation.  (Name  from  rerpa,  four,  and  <£v?,  produced.) 

1.  T.  pellttcida,  Hedw.  Stems  £'-!'  high,  closely  tufted,  reddish  be 
low,  light  green  above.  —  Woods ;  common.  (Tab.  16.)  (Eu.) 

2*.    TETRODONTIUM,    Schwsgr. 

Calyptra  larg^,  mitriform,  plicate,  laciniate  at  the  base,  sometimes  split  on 
one  side  to  the  apex.  Operculum  conic.  Capsule  oval,  exsertly  pedicellate. 
Peristome  as  in  Tetraphis,  but  the  teeth  shorter.  Inflorescence  monoecious : 
male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal.  —  Minute  bulb-like  annuals,  growing  upon 
rocks  (differing  from  Tetraphis  chiefly  in  habit  and  structure  of  the  foliage), 
with  closely  imbricated  ovate-lanceolate  scarcely  costate  leaves,  rooting  at  the  base 
and  throwing  ou»,  leafy  flagelliform  branchlcts,  or  long  linear-clavate  frondose  pro- 
cesses, sometimes  trifid  at  the  apex.  —  (Name  from  Tf'rpa^four,  and  68<av,  tooth.) 

1.  T.  repjfadlllll,  Funk.  Frondose  processes  very  rare;  pedicel  3"- 
5"  high;  mouth  of  the  capsule  repand  or  notched  between  the  teeth.  —  Damp 
shaded  situatiofis,  on  the  ground  near  the  "  Glen  House,"  Gorham,  White 
Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  James.  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XI.    ENCALlPTE^E. 

28.    ENCALYPTA,    Schreber.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  large,  cylindrical-campanulate,  longer  than  the  capsule,  subulate- 
rostrate,  uneven  or  fringed  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic,  with  a  long  slender 
subclavellate  rostrum.  Capsule  elongated-ovate-cylindrical,  long-pedicellate. 
Peristome  variable,  either  absent,  single  or  double.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or 
dioecious.  —  A  well-marked  genus,  approaching  in  habit  and  mode  of  growth 
the  larger  species  of  Barbula.  —  (Name  from  eWaXvTrrds,  covered  with  a  veil, 
in  allusion  to  the  remarkably  large  calyptra.) 

1.  E.  ciliata,  Hedw.  Stems  £'-!'  high,  thick,  radiculose,  simple  or 
sparingly  branched ;  leaves  rather  large,  crowded,  recurved-spreading,  oblong- 
ovate  or  ligulate,  shortly  acuminate,  slightly  concave,  rather  undulate  on  the 
margin,  somewhat  crenulate  near  the  apex ;  areolation  dot-like,  granulose  above, 
enlarged  oblong  and  diaphanous  below ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  short  point ;  per- 
igtome  single,  with  16  lanceolate  distantly  articulated  teeth,  without  a  medial 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  31 

line,  capsule  smooth  ;  annulus  none ;  calyptra  fringed  at  the  base  :  monoecious ; 
male  flower  gemmiform,  axillary.  —  Rocks,  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz:  Jefferson 
County,  New  York.  (Eu.) 

2.  E.  rliabdocarpa,  Schwaegr.     Differs  from  the  last  by  its  longer- 
pointed  or  piliferous  leaves,  and  longitudinally  ribbed  capsule ;  annulus  present; 
calyptra  not  fringed  at  the  base ;  peristome  and  inflorescence  the  same.  —  British 
America,  Drummond.     (Tab.  16 )     (Eu.) 

3.  E.  coiinmitata,  Nees  &  Hornsch.     Stems  more  slender  than  in  No. 
1 ;   leaves  subsquarrose,  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  long-acuminate,  concave, 
undulate  on  the  margin ;  areolse  very  small ;  costa  excuiTent ;  capsule  smooth ; 
peristome  none ;  annulus  simple ;  base  of  the  calyptra  uneven,  not  fringed :  mo- 
noecious.—  British  America,  Drummond.     (Eu.) 

4.  E.  streptocarpa,  Hedw.      Stems  more  elongated  than  in  No.  1 ; 
leaves  not  so  spreading,  lignlate,  costate  to  the  obtuse  or  cucullate  apex  ;  cap- 
sule spirally  ribbed;    peristome  double;   teeth  16,  filiform,  nodose;   annulus 
compound ;  calyptra  spinulose  at  the  apex,  crenate  at  the  base ;  inflorescence 
dioecious.  —  British  America,  Drummond.  —  The  Alleghany  specimens  usually 
referred  to  this  species  are  without  fruit,  and  hence  doubtful.    (Eu.) 

29.    SYRRHOPODON,    Schwaegr.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  large,  campanulate-conic,  rostrate,  cloven  on  one  side.  Operculum 
conic,  with  a  long-subulate  rostrum.  Capsule  elliptic-cylindrical,  exannulate, 
exsertly  pedicellate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  linear-lanceolate,  articulated, 
without  a  medial  line,  short,  nearly  horizontal,  inserted  below  the  mouth  of  the 
capsule.  Inflorescence  dioecious  or  monoecious.  —  Perennial  plants  (the  tropical 
representatives  of  Encalypteae),  with  densely  caaspitose  simple  or  dichotomously 
branched  stems,  and  costate  elongated-ligulate  leaves,  from  a  whitish  sheathing 
base  composed  of  large  pellucid  rectangular  areolae,  which  elsewhere  are  minute, 
opaque,  and  granulose.  (Name  from  (ri/ppoiros,  connivent,  and  o8u>i>,  a  tooth, 
alluding  to  the  horizontal  position  of  the  teeth  of  the  peristome.) 

1.  S.  FloridanilS,  Sulliv.  Stems  about  1'  high;  leaves  erect-patent 
from  an  amplexicaul  base ;  the  margins  convolute,  thickened,  more  or  less  nar- 
rowly bilamellate,  undulated,  serrated ;  costa  ceasing  at  or  below  the  obtuse 
apex.  (Syr.  albovaginatus,  Hook.  $•  Wils.  in  Drum.  2d  coll , No.  37.)  —  Northern 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  also  Florida :  frequent.  (Tab.  16.) 

TKIBE  XII.    ZYGOD6NTE^E. 

30.    ZYGODON,    Hook  &  Tayl.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  small,  cuculliform,  smooth,  oblique.  Operculum  obliquely  rostrate 
from  a  conic  base.  Capsule  pyriform,  apophysate,  striated,  on  a  rather  short 
pedicel,  immersed  or  exserted.  Peristome  either  double,  single,  or  absent ;  when 
present,  constructed  as  in  (the  nearly  related  genus)  Orthotrichum.  —  Perennial 
species,  growing  on  trees  or  on  rocks,  in  large  patches ;  stems  with  fastigiate 
brunches,  fertile  at  the  apex;  leaves  linear-lanccolote,  carinate,  continuously 
G.  M.  3 


32  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

oostate,  plane  on  the  margins  ;  areolae  above  guttulate ;  below,  enlarged  oblong. 
(Name  from  fvyos,  a  pair,  and  oSwv,  teeth,  in  allusion  to  the  paired  teeth.) 

1.  Z.  L.app6niC!lS,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  |'-l'high,  radiculose ;  leaves 
spreading,  crisped  when  dry;  capsule  scarcely  exserted,  8-ribbed;  peristome 
none  :  monoecious;  male  flower  gemmiform.  —  Rocks,  on  the  White  Mountains 
of  New  Hampshire,  Oakes :  Alleghany  Mountains  of  Pennsylvania,  Lesquereux. 
(Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 

2.  Z.  IflougC'otii,  Br.  &  Sch.     More  elongated  and  branched  than  No. 
1 ;  differing  chiefly  in  its  narrower  and  less  concave  perichaetial  leaves  twice  as 
long,  the  longer  rostrum  to  the  operculum,  and  the  dioecious  inflorescence.— 
With  No.  1,  in  similar  places,  according  to  Mr.  Th.  P.  James.     (Eu.) 

3.  Z.  Sllllivantii,  Mull.     Stems  l'-2'  high,  slender,  with  long  filiform 
branches ;  leaves  subsquarrose  from  an  erect  half-clasping  base,  complicate-con- 
eave;   the  margins  below  recurved,  above  plane  and  strongly  serrate;   fruit 
unknown.  —  (Syrrhopodon  excelsus,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Alleghan..  No.  170.) — North 
Carolina;  on  rocks,  top  of  Grandfather  Mountain,  Gray  $•  Sullivant:  Black 
Mountain,  Lesquereux. 

31.     DKl  ilIIWOIVDIA,    Hook.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  large,  cuculliform,  rostrate,  slightly  plicate  at  the  base,  and  papillose 
at  the  apex.  Operculum  obliquely  long-rostrate  from  a  convex  base.  Capsule 
globose-oval  or  slightly  obovate,  exsertly  pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  teeth 
16,  very  short,  truncate.  Inflorescence  dioecious:  male  flower  gemmiform. — 
Perennial,  growing  on  trees  ;  stems  prostrate,  throwing  up  numerous  short 
branches,  bearing  fruit  on  their  summit ;  leaves  oblong,  costate ;  areolse  minute, 
roundish.  —  (Named  after  the  late  Thomas  Drummond,  who  made  extensive  and 
very  valuable  collections  of  North  American  Mosses.) 

1.  D.  Clavellata,  Hook.  Stems  2'-4'  long,  creeping,  densely  covered 
with  radicels ;  branches  crowded,  erect,  2" -3"  high;  leaves  close,  erect-patent, 
shortly  acuminate ;  costa  ceasing  with  the  apex.  —  Grows  in  deep-green  and  close 
thin  mats  (3' -10'  in  diameter),  on  the  bark  of  trees  (particularly  the  Beech), 
Northern,  Middle,  and  Western  States.  (Tab.  16.) 

TRIBE  XIII.     ORTHOTRlCHE^E. 

32.    ORTHOTRICHUM,    Hedw.        (Tab.  16.; 

Calyptra  large,  campanulate,  longitudinally  plaited,  crenate-lacerate  at  the 
base,  hairy  or  glabrous.  Operculum  short,  conic,  rostellate.  Capsule  pyriform, 
more  or  less  elongated,  apophysate,  pedicellate,  immersed  or  exserted,  8  or  16 
striated,  ribbed  when  dry.  Peristome  single  or  double,  rarely  wanting;  the 
outer  16  teeth,  with  a  medial  line,  mostly  in  pairs  (often  reflexed  when  dry); 
the  inner  8  or  16  cilia.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious :  male  flower 
gemmiform.  —  Perennial  plants,  growing  in  roundish  cushion-like  tufts,  en  trees 
01  rocks,  never  on  soil ;  stems  usually  erect,  simple  or  branched  by  innovations, 
fertile  at  their  summit ;  leaves  crowded,  elongated,  restate  nearly  to  the  point, 


MUSCI.       (MOSSES.^  83 

spreading,  entire,  usually  revolute  on  the  margins,  of  a  minute  dot-like  areola- 
tion,  except  at  the  marginal  base,  the  areolae  there  being  larger,  rectangular,  and 
pellucid.  (Name  from  op#os,  straight,  and  6pi£,  Tpi%6s,  a  hair,  in  allusion  to  the 
straight  hairs  on  the  calyptra.) 

$  1.   Capsule  immersed  or  slightly  exserted.     Monoecious  (except  in  No.  5  and  6). 
#  Peristome  single :  cilia  wanting. 

1.  O.  cuplllatuni,  Hoffm.     Stems   nearly  1'  high;  leaves   lanceolate, 
keeled;  capsule  immersed,  with  16  striae;  teeth  of  the  peristome  nearly  equidis- 
tant ;  calyptra  sparsely  hairy  ;  male  flower  terminal.  —  On  rocks,  Niagara  Falls, 
Drummond:  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

2.  O.  Sturmii,  Hoppe  &  Hornsch.    Very  like  the  last  species  ;  but  its  im- 
mersed and  obovate  capsule  is  indistinctly  8-striated ;  the  male  flower  axillary.  — 
Texas,  Wright.     (Eu.) 

3.  O.  an6malum,  Hedw.     Separated  from  the  preceding  (to  which  it 
approaches  closely)  mainly  by  its  exserted  and  distinctlyte-striated  capsule. — 
Rocks,  near  Salem,  Mass.,  Lesquereux:  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

4.  O.  Texanuin,  Sulliv.     Larger  than  No.  2,  which  it  resembles,  but 
its  immersed  capsule  is  oblong-pyriform  and  distinctly  8-striated ;  teeth  of  the 
peristome  in  pairs ;  calyptra  very  hairy  ;  leaves  longer,  narrower,  and  more  re- 
curved-spreading.  —  Texas,  Wright :  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  Fendler. 

*  *  Peristome  double. 

5.  O.  obtUSifdlium,  Schrad.     Stems  6"  - 10"  high ;  leaves  when  moist 
erect-patent,  not  recurved,  ligulate  from  an  oblong  base,  obtuse,  concave,  some- 
what convolute  on  the  margins,  strongly  papillose,  the  costa  vanishing  much 
below  the  point;  capsule  immersed,  oblong-pyriform,  the  long  apophysis  gradu 
ally  tapering  into  the  very  short  pedicel;  cilia  of  the  peristome  8,  composed  of 
two  rows  of  cellules  half  as  wide  as  the  teeth ;  calyptra  glabrous.  —  Trees,  Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

6.  O.  exagmiHl,  Sulliv.    Nearly  related  to  No.  5,  hut  much  smaller; 
stems  3"  -  5"  high ;  leaves  more  acute,  scarcely  papillose :  costa  stouter,  extend- 
ing to  the  point;  the  areolse  at  the  base  not  so  enlarged;  capsule  oval;  the 
apophysis  rather  short ;  pedicel  longer ;  cilia  of  the  peristome  8,  carinate,  com- 
posed of  two  rows  of  cellules  fully  as  broad  as  the  teeth ;  operculum  convex* 
apiculate.  —  Base  of  trees,  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina,  Ravenel.  —  The  small- 
est of  our  Orthotricha.  —  This  and  the  related  species  have,  scattered  on  the 
surface  of  their  leaves,  a  few  articulated  excrescences  (Conferva  Orthotnchi). 

7.  O.  R6gcri,  Brid.    Leaves  spread  ing-recurved,  when  moist  narrowly 
ligulate  from  a  ventricose  concave  base,  canaliculate,  plane  on  the  margins 
above,  revolute  below,  somewhat  acute  at  the  apex ;  capsule  and  calyptra  as  in 
No.  5;  cilia  8,  simple,  filiform.  —  Trees,  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

8.  O.  stranglllatum,  Bcauv.     Stems  short,  compact ;  leaves  broadly 
ovate-lanceolate,  carinate,  somewhat  obtuse,  the  margins  strongly  reflexed  ;  cap- 
sule oblong,  somewhat  pyriform,  immersed,  very  much  constricted  below  the 
mouth  when  dry ;  cilia  of  the  peristome  as  in  the  last ;  calyptra  hairy.  —  On 
trees ;  very  common. 


-34  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

9.  O.  Caiiadelise,  Br.  &  Sch.    Differs  from  the  preceding  species  in  its 
more  acute  leaves,  its  shortly-exserted  capsule  smaller  and  not  so  constricted 
under  the  mouth,  and  in  the  16  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome.  —  Central  Ohio: 
rare ;  on  trees. 

10.  O.  HiJ'ino,  Schrad.    Larger  and  coarser  than  any  of  the  foregoing; 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  revolutc  (the  upper  ones  rather  undulate) 
on  the  margins,  strongly  papillose  on  both  surfaces ;  capsule  elliptic-oblong  with 
a  tapering  apophysis,  emersed ;  cilia  as  in  No.  7 ;  calyptra  slightly  hairy,  green- 
ish.—  On  rocks,  Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

11.  O.  speciosuni,  Nees.     Stems  elongated,  l'-2'  high,  loosely  csespi- 
tose ;  leaves  lanceolate,  keeled,  with  recurved  margins ;  capsule  shortly  exserted, 
tapering  into  the  pedicel,  indistinctly  striated,  when  dry  ribbed  near  the  mouth 
only ;  cilia  of  peristome  8 ;  calyptra  large,  very  hairy.  —  Trees ;  on  banks  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  River.     (Eu.) 

12.  O.  leioca^pllin,  Br.  &  Sch.     Size  and  mode  of  growth  much  as  in 
the  last ;  readily  distinguished  by  its  capsule  without  striae,  and  entirely  smooth 
when  dry ;  and  by  the  1 6  large  erose-articulate  cilia  of  the  peristome.  —  Trees, 
Lake  Superior,  Agassiz.     (Eu.) 

§  2.   Capsule  much  exserted.     Monoecious. 

13.  O.  Ludwigii,  Schwaegr.     Stems  mostly  decumbent;  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  somewhat  fasciculate,  when  dry  slightly  twisted,  the  margins  plane  or 
slightly  undulate ;  capsule  pyriform,  when  dry  very  much  contracted  and  plicate 
at  the  mouth ;  inner  peristome  absent ;  calyptra  moderately  hairy,  laciniate  at 
the  base.  —  On  trees,  Alleghany  Mountains.     (Eu.) 

14.  O.  Hutcliinsia>,  Smith.     Stems  aggregated  in  rather  loose  tufts; 
leaves  lanceolate,  carinate,  scarcely  reflexed  on  the  margins,  when  dry  erect-ap- 
pressed,  not  twisted ;  capsule  subclavate,  with  8  broad  striae,  the  apophysis  grad- 
ually tapering  into  the  long  pedicel ;  cilia  of  the  peristome  8 ;  calyptra  large, 
copiously  hairy.  —  Rocks ;  common  in  mountainous  districts.    (Tab.  16.)    (Eu.) 

15.  O.  crispum,  Hedw.     Stems  closely  tufted ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate 
from  a  dilated  base,  much  contorted  and  crisped  when  dry,  slightly  undulated ; 
capsule  clavate,  when  dry  constricted  under  the  mouth,  with  8  strong  ribs  con- 
tinued down  the  very  long  tapering  apophysis  ;  peristome  with  8  cilia  of  a  dou- 
ble row  of  cellules ;  calyptra  very  hairy ;  sporules  brown.  —  Trees,  Alleghany 
Mountains.     (Eu.) 

16.  O.  crispulum,  Hornsch.    More  delicate  than  the  last;  leaves  nar- 
rower and  less  crisped  when  dry ;  capsule  shorter,  pale,  of  thin  texture,  when 
dry  not  contracted  below  the  mouth,  its  ribs  less  distinct;  apophysis  shorter, 
passing  more  abruptly  into  the  pedicel;  sporules  green.  —  Trees,  Alleghany 
Mountains.     (Eu.) 

17.  O.  Bruchii,  Brid.     Very  closely  allied  to  the  last  two  species  ;  from 
No.  15  it  differs  in  its  less  crisped  leaves,  and  deeper-colored  larger  capsule; 
from  No.  16,  by  the  narrowed  mouth  of  the  capsule  and  the  much  longer  apo- 
physis ;  from  both  by  its  longer  pedicel,  and  the  cilia  of  the  peristome  of  but 
one  row  of  cellules.  —  White  Mountains,  N.  Hampshire,  Oakes:  rare.     (Eu.) 


MUSCL     (MOSSES.)  35 

33.    MACROJIITRIUM,    Brid.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  large,  conic-mitrifonn,  longitudinally  plicate  or  silicate,  more  or  less 
Jaciniate  at  the  base,  hairy  or  glabrous.  Operculum  subulate-rostrate  from  a 
conic  base.  Capsule  erect-ovate,  oval  or  oblong,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome 
double  or  single,  sometimes  wanting;  the  exterior  16  teeth  lanceolate,  usually 
in  pairs ;  the^nterior  a  more  or  less  exserted  membrane,  truncate  or  cut  to  the 
base  into  16  or  more  cilia,  —  Stems  creeping;  branches  erect,  crowded,  fertile 
at  their  summit;  leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  continuously  costate,  with  a  dense 
and  minute  dot-like  areolation  above,  enlarged  rectangular  and  pellucid  below. 
(Name  from  fiaiepos,  long,  and  piTpiov,  a  veil,  referring  to  the  very  large  calyptra.) 

1.  m.  Dregei,  Hoc-listener?  Stems  slender,  1'- 2' long,  creeping,  sub- 
pinnately  branched ;  branches  short,  erect ;  leaves  crowded,  erect-patent,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  papillose,  recurved  on  the  margins,  ventricose-concave  at  base,  cana- 
liculate above ;  capsule  oval-oblong ;  peristome  single  (the  exterior  wanting),  a 
short  truncate  membrane ;  calyptra  hairy.  —  Top  of  Jonah  Mountain,  Georgia, 
Lesquereux ;  on  the  bark  of  old  pine-trees.  —  We  have  seen  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
specimens  apparently  identical  with  ours,  referred  doubtfully  to  M.  tenue  and 
M.  DregeL  (Tab.  16.) 

34.    SCHLOTHEIITIIA,    Brid.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  large,  conic-mitriform,  scabrous  at  the  apex,  with  4  or  more  inflexed 
lobes  or  appendages  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic-subulate.  Capsule  subcy- 
lindrical,  erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  teeth  in  pairs, 
linear-lanceolate  (when  dry  revolute) ;  the  interior  16  or  more  irregular  cilia. — 
Mode  of  growth,  habit,  and  structure  of  leaves  very  much  as  in  the  last  genus  : 
both  genera  being  the  tropical  analogues  of  Orthotrichum,  and  remarkable  for 
the  ferruginous  or  reddish-brown  color  usually  predominant  in  their  foliage.  — 
(Named  for  Count  Schlatheim.) 

1.  S.  Siillivaiitii,  C.  Mull.  Moncecious;  branches  short;  leaves  very 
crowded,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate,  rugose-undulate  above,  the  costa  ceas- 
ing below  the  point  —  Grows  in  compact,  rigid,  dark-brown  mats,  on  trees.  — 
Lower  portion  of  the  Southern  States.  (Tab.  16.) 

TRIBE  XIV.    PTYCHOMITRIE.E. 

35.     PTYCHOMITRIUUI,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate,  deeply  laciniate  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic- 
subulate.  Capsule  oval,  erect,  annulate,  pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  teeth 
16,  perforated  or  fissile  into  two  unequal  filiform  segments.  Inflorescence  mo- 
noecious. —  Perennial  plants,  growing  on  rocks  and  trees :  in  habit  and  aspect 
intermediate  between  Orthotrichum  and  Grimmia.  —  (Name  from  TTTV£,  TTTV^OV, 
a  fold,  and  p-trpiov,  a  veil,  referring  to  the  plicate  calyptra.) 

1.  P.  iticiirvuiil,  Schwajgr.  Stems  2"-3"  high,  aggregated;  leaves 
crowded,  oblong,  ligulate,  spreading,  slightly  inclined  at  the  obtuse  and  some- 
what cuculLte  apex,  concave,  costate  nearly  to  the  point,  of  a  rather  thick  tex 


86  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.; 

tare,  composed  of  minnte  and  somewhat  quadrate  cellules ;  capsule  rotund-oral, 
its  mouth  small ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  often  divided  to  the  base ;  annulus  large, 
unrolling.  —  (Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  135.)  —  On  rocks,  Pennsylvania  and  south- 
ward. (Tab.  16.) 

2.  P.  i>  a  n  ill  ill  Olid  ii.  Hook.  &  Wils.  Somewhat  larger  than  the  pre- 
ceding ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  crisped  when  dry ;  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome more  or  less  perforated,  inserted  below  the  mouth  of  the  oblong-oval 
capsule ;  annulus  none.  —  On  trees,  Southern  States. 

TRIBE  XV.     GRIMMIE^E. 

36.     SCHISTipIUIU,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  small,  not  extending  to  the  mouth  of  the  capsule,  conic-initriform  and 
lacerate  at  the  base,  or  cuculliform  and  entire  at  the  base.  Operculum  depressed- 
convex,  papillate  or  shortly  rostellate,  deciduous  with  the  colnmella  attached. 
Capsule  roundish-oval,  oval-oblong,  or  obovate,  wide-mouthed,  immersed,  with  a 
short  erect  pedicel.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  lanceolate,  cribrose.  Inflores- 
cence monoecious :  male  flower  gemmiform.  —  Growing  in  circular  more  or  less 
compact  tufts,  on  rocks  (chiefly  mountainous) ;  stems  simple,  or  dichotomously 
branched  and  fastigiate ;  leaves  of  a  rigid  and  rather  brittle  texture,  crowded, 
spreading,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  concave  below,  channelled  above,  usually 
reflexed  on  the  margins,  continuously  costate,  mostly  tipped  with  a  pellucid  hair- 
point  ;  areolas  minute  and  nearly  quadrate,  those  at  the  base  larger,  oblong  and 
diaphanous.  —  (Name  from  o-^t'^o),  to  split,  the  base  of  the  calyptra  being  la- 
ciniated.) 

1.  S.  apoc:ii'|»iiii,  Br.  &  Sch.     Loosely  caespitose ;  stems  ^'-1' long, 
upper  leaves  usually  with  white  points;  capsule  elliptical,  firm ;  teeth  of  peri- 
stome sometimes  entire,  purplish-red ;  annulus  none ;  calyptra  5-lobed  at  the 
base.  —  On  rocks,  very  common.  —  Foliage  blackish-green  :  subject  to  numerous 
forms,  dependent  on  locality.     (Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 

2.  S.  maritiniuni,  Br.  &  Sch.    More  robust  than  the  last,   densely 
tufted ;  leaves  longer,  narrower,  more  rigid,  never  hair-pointed,  the  margins 
plane,  the  costa  stouter  and  shortly  excurrent ;  capsule  obovate,  truncate ;  spO' 
rules  twice  as  large ;  calyptra  the  same.  —  On  rocks  near  the  sea,  Eastport, 
Maine,  J.  L.  Rtissell.     (Eu.) 

3.  S.  confertum,  Br.  &  Sch.     Resembles  No.  1  exceedingly ;  tufts  more 
compact ;  leaves  less  lurid,  their  margins  not  so  recurved  ;  capsule   oval  or 
roundish,  of  a  thinner  texture,  paler-colored,  almost  pellucid ;  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome more  cribrose  and  lacerated,  and  of  an  orange  color ;  calyptra  the  same.  — 
New  England,  Oakes. — A  variety  with  obtuse    leaves  occurs  on  the  White 
Mountains.     (Eu.) 

4.  8.  ambigruum,  Sulliv.      Near  the  preceding,   but  has  larger  and 
elliptic-lanceolate  perichaetial  leaves,  with  a  long,  flexuous,  dentate,  pellucid 
hair-point;   capsule  oval-oblong;  calyptra  cnculliform.  —  (Mem.  Amer.  Acad 
Art.  and  Sci.  n.  ser.  4,  p.  170.)  —  Dry  rocks,  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex  co,  Fendler. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  37 

37.    GR I  itt  M I  A,    Ehrh.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  as  in  Schistidium,  but  larger  and  extending  below  the  mouth  of  the 
capsule.  Opereulum  conic-obtuse,  or  conic-rostrate,  deciduous  without  the  colu- 
tnella.  Capsule  ovate,  oval,  or  nearly  cylindrical,  with  an  erect  and  curved  01 
flexuous  pedicel.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  lanceolate,  cribrose,  and  2-3-fid 
above.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious.  —  Habit  and  mode  of  growth 
strongly  resembling  Schistidium  and  Racomitrium.  Habitat,  on  rocks.  — 
(Named  after  Grimm,  a  German  botanist.) 

1.  G.  leucophrea,  Grev.    Dioecious;  stems  6" -10"  high,  compactly 
caespitosc ;  leaves  widely  spreading,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  concave,  plane  on 
the  margins,  suddenly  tapering  into  a  very  long  pellucid  dentate  hair-point ; 
capsule  oval  or  oblong,  erect,  exserted ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  deeply  2  -3-cleft ; 
annulus  large,  unrolling;  operculum    short  or  long  conic-rostellate;  calyptra 
mitrifonn,  5-Iobed  at  the  base.  —  Sandstone  rocks,  S.  Ohio.     (Tab.  16.)     (Eu..) 

2.  G.  Ollicyi,  Sulliv.     Dioecious;  tufts  loose,  stems  5"- 10"  high,  yel- 
lowish-green, linear-lanceolate,  gradually  tapering  into  a  long  diaphanous  ser- 
rated hair-point ;  capsule  oval  or  ovate-oval,  not  ribbed  when  dry,  oblique  or 
horizontal  on  an  exserted  curved  pedicel;  teeth  of  the  peristome   perforated 
above ;  annulus  compound ;  operculum  with  a  conic  base  and  an  oblique  ros- 
trum; calyptra  cuculliform,  2-3-fid  at  the  base.  — Rocks,  Rhode  Island,  S.  T. 
Olney.  —  Approaches  closely  to  G.  trichophylla,  Grev. ;  but  that  is  a  rather  more 
slender  plant ;  its  leaves  longer  and  more  flexuous,  with  a  smooth  hair-point ; 
capsule  regularly  and  strongly  ribbed  when  dry,  pendulous  on  a  longer  and  more 
carved  pedicel ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid ;  rostrum  of  the  operculum  straight ; 
calyptra  mitriform ;  annulus  larger. 

3.  G.  Pennsylvanica,  Schwaegr.     Dioecious;  loosely casspitose ;  stem 
1'  or  more  long  ;  leaves  much  as  in  No.  2,  but  dark  green,  and  with  a  stouter 
costa ;  capsule  immersed,  erect  on  a  short  pedicel,  oval-oblong,  smooth  when 
dry;  operculum  conic-rostellate;  calyptra  mitriform,  lobed.  —  On  rocks,  Alle- 
ghany  Mountains;  common:  fruit  rare.  —  Larger  than  any  of  the  preceding. 

4.  G.  Donniana,    Smith.     Monoecious ;   tufts   compact,   small,  hemi 
spherical,  hoary;  stems  3" -4"  high  ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  with  a  long  and 
rough  hair-point,  their  margins  plane ;  capsule  oval-oblong,  shortly  exserted  on. 
an  erect  pedicel ;  annulus  rather  narrow ;  operculum  conic-obtuse ;  calyptra  mi- 
trifonn, lobed.  —  (G.  obtusa,  Schwiegr.)  — White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire, 
Calces.     (Eu.) 

3§.     COSCINODON,    Spreng.         (Tab.   18.) 

Capsule  large,  campanulate,  plicate,  crenate  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic, 
acute  or  shortly  rostellate.  Capsule  obovate  or  oval-oblong,  immersed,  erecty 
short-pedicellate,  annulate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  equidistant,  lanceolate, 
very  much  cribrose,  reflexed  when  dry.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious : 
male  flower  gemmiform.  —  Combines  the  characters  of  Orthotrichum  and  Grim- 
rnia ;  the  habit  and  structure  of  the  foliage  being  that  of  the  last-named  gcnn*u 
54 


88  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

(Name  from  K&ITIUVOV,  a  sieve,  and  o8a>v,  a  tooth,  in  allusion  to  the  perforated 
teeth  of  the  peristome.) 

1.  C.  Wriglltii,  Sulliv.  Monoecious;  tufts  compact,  hoary ;  stems  3''- 
4"  high,  clavate ;  leaves  closely  imbricating  (the  lower  smaller,  oval,  the  upj>er 
larger,  obovate),  very  concave,  serrate  above,  suddenly  produced  into  a  long 
hyaline  denticulate  hair-point,  costate  half-way;  areolae  at  the  base  oblong, 
those  near  the  apex  oval,  both  pellucid,  the  central  ones  roundish  and  ehloro- 
phyllose ;  capsule  oblong-oval,  truncate  at  the  base,  on  a  very  short  curved 
pedicel ;  operculum  conic-acute ;  annulus  large,  compound.  —  Rocks,  near  San 
Marcos,  Texas,  Wright.  —  C.  pulvinatus,  its  only  congener,  has  a  straight  and 
longer  pedicel,  obovate  capsule,  lanceolate  leaves,  and  is  dioecious.  (Tab.  18.) 

39.    RACOMITRIIJWI,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  conic-mitriform,  subulately  rostrate,  solid  and  papillose  at  the  apex, 
membranous  and  multifid  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic,  with  a  short  or  long 
subulate  rostrum.  Capsule  elliptical,  nearly  cylindrical  or  ovate-oblong,  erect, 
smooth,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single:  teeth  16,  2-3-fid,  the  segments 
free  or  somewhat  cohering.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  —  Tall,  striking  species,  the 
largest  among  the  Grimmioid  Mosses  ;  stems  dichotomously  or  irregularly 
branched;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  with  or  without  a  diaphanous  hair-point, 
costate-carinate ;  areolae  above  mostly  quadrate,  below  enlarged,  linear,  with  a 
sinuous  outline.  (Name  from  paws,  a  shred,  and  pirpiov,  a  veil,  referring  to  the 
lacerate  base  of  the  calyptra.) 

§  1.  DRYPTODON,  Br.    &    Sch.  —  Ramification  dichotomous ;  the  innovation* 
simple,  fastigiate. 

1.  B.  acicillarc,  Brid.     Loosely  csespitose,  dull  green;  stems  procum- 
bent and  leafless  below,  ascending,  l'-3'  long;  leaves  crowded,  spreading  every 
way  or  secund,  ovate-oblong,  the  costa  vanishing  below  the  toothed  or  entire 
obtuse  point ;  capsule  elliptic-oblong,  its  mouth  small ;  teeth  of  peristome  deep- 
ly 2-3-fid;    operculum  long,  subulate-rostrate.  —  On  wet  rocks,   Allegliany 
Mountains.     (Eu.) 

2.  R.  Sudcticiim,  Br.  &  Sch.    Patches  loose,  grayish  or  lurid ;  stems 
as  in  the  last ;  leaves  from  an  erect  base,  spreading,  recurved  or  incurved,  linear- 
lanceolate,  with  a  rather  short  denticulate  pellucid  hair-point;  capsule  small, 
oval  or  elliptic-oblong  on  a  short  erect  or  curved  pedicel ;  operculum  shortly 
rostrate. — Exposed  rocks,  Alleghany  Mountains.     (Eu.) 

§2.  RACOMITRIUM  PROPER.  —  Ramification  irregular;  branches  ramulote  ; 
the  innovations  not  fastigiate. 

3.  R.  f UKciciilftre,  Brid.     Patches  loose,  of  a  light  green  color ;  stems 
l'-2'  long,  assurgent,  branched;  branches  with  numerous   fasciculate  short 
branchlets;  leaves  crowded,  spreading,  linear-lanceolate,  tapering,  without  a 
pellucid  hair-point,  margins  reflexed,  the  areolae  above  and  below  elongated  and 
sinuous ;  capsule  elliptical ;  rostrum  of  the  calyptra  strongly  papillose  its  whole 
length  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid  to  the  base,  slender,  nodulose.  —  Moist  rocks, 
Alloghany  Mountains.     (Tab.  16.)     (Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  39 

4.  R.  microcarplllll,    Brid.     Tufts  rather  compact;  stems   slender, 
fasciculately  branched,  with  numerous  short  branchlcts ;  leaves  yellowish,  spread- 
ing, recurved  or  faleate-secund,  lanceolate,  tapering,  with  a  short  diaphanous  re- 
motely serrated  hair-point ;  areolae  everywhere  elongated  and  sinuous ;  capsule 
small,  oblong ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  short.  —  Dry  rocks,  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains.    (Eu.) 

5.  R.  laiiugiliosum,  Brid.     Patches   loose,  extensive,   hoary;  stems 
much  elongated  (4' -10'),  slender,  flexuose,  fragile,  with  fasciculate  branches; 
leaves  crowded,  erect-patent,  rather  flexuous,  linear-lanceolate,  tapering  into  a 
long  diaphanous  erose-dentate  hair-point ;   areolae  elongated  and  sinuous ;  cap 
sule  small,  ovate-oval,  on  a  short  scabrous  pedicel ;  teeth  of  peristome  very  long, 
2-cleft,  filiform.  — Rocks,  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

6.  R.  caiicscens,  Brid.    Patches  loose,  large,  yellowish-green  or  hoary ; 
stems  2' -4'  long,  more  or  less  fasciculately  branched;  leaves  spreading,  re- 
curved, ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  short  erose-denticulate  hair-point,  papillose  on 
both  surfaces,  the  margins  recurved ;  areolation  as  in  No.  5 ;   capsule  ovate- 
oblong,  on  a  long  smooth  pedicel ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  as  long  as  the  capsule, 
very  slender,  2-parted,  nodulose.  —  With  the  last,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XVI.    HEDWIGlfi^. 

4O.    HEDWIGIA,    Ehrh.        (Tab.  16.) 

Calyptra  small,  conic,  smooth,  sometimes  hairy.  Operculum  plano-convex, 
with  or  without  a  central  papilla.  Capsule  globose,  erect,  entirely  immersed, 
very  short-pedicellate.  Peristome  none.  Inflorescence  monoecious  :  male  flowei 
gemmiform,  axillary.  —  Habit  and  mode  of  growth  like  Schistidium :  stems  di- 
chotomously  or  irregularly  branched;  leaves  spreading,  ovate-lanceolate,  pa- 
pillose, not  costate,  the  apex  diaphanous,  erose-denticulate  or  fringed  on  the 
margins  ;  cellules  at  the  central  base  elongated  and  subflexuous,  elsewhere  small 
and  quadrate.  (Dedicated  to  the  distinguished  cryptogamist,  J.  G.  lledwig.) 

1.  II.  Ciliata,  Ehrh.  Stems  1 '-  4'  long,  rooting  at  the  base  only ;  leaves 
sometimes  secund,  with  a  longer  or  shorter  diaphanous  point.  —  On  rocks  and 
bowlders  ;  very  common,  forming  large  and  hoary  glaucous-green  patches. 
(Tab.  16.)  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XVII.    BUXBAUMlfe^E. 

41.    BUXBAUMIA,    Hallcr.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  cylindrical-campanulate,  small,  covering  the  operculum  only.  Oper- 
culum small,  conic,  obtuse.  Capsule  large,  elongated-ovate,  oblique,  flat  on  the 
upper  side,  convex  and  gibbous  underneath,  apophysate,  long-pedicellate.  Peri- 
stoine  double  (1);  the  exterior  an  irregularly  incised  membrane,  composed  of 
3  or  4  layers  of  elongated  cellular  tissue,  or  16  linear  moniliform  papillose  teeth ; 
the  interior  a  whitish  and  conic  plaited  membrane.  Inflorescence  monoecious : 
male  flower  gemmiform;  antheridium  solitary,  roundish.  —  Minute  annuals  or 
biennials  ;  stems  scarcely  any,  partly  buried  in  tlie  soil :  leaves  few  (5  or  6),  scale- 


40  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

like,  broad-ovate,  deeply  cut  and  long-ciliated  on  the  margins,  not  costate,  loose- 
ly reticulated.     (Named  after  J.  C.  Buxbaum,  an  early  German  botanist.) 

1.  B.  apliylla,  Haller.  Stem  and  leaves  having  the  appearance  of  a 
minute  hairy  bulb,  many  times  smaller  than  the  capsule  with  its  short  cylindri- 
cal apophysis ;  pedicel  rather  stout,  7"- 10"  high,  tuberculate. — New  England 
and  New  York ;  rare.  (Tab.  17.)  (Eu.) 

42.    DIPH^SCIUM,    Weber  &  Mohr.        (Tab.  17.) 

Calyptra  small,  conic,  entire  at  the  base,  scarcely  covering  the  elongated-conic 
operculum.  Capsule  large,  ovate,  oblique,  gibbous,  subsessile,  immersed.  Peri- 
stome  double  (?);  the  exterior  a  very  narrow  slightly  dentate  ring,  quite  rudi- 
mentary; the  interior  as  in  Buxbaumia.  Inflorescence  dioecious  :  male  flower 
terminal,  gemmiform  ;  antheridia  numerous,  paraphysated. —  Small  bulb-like 
mosses,  annual  or  biennial,  the  sessile  capsule  forming  the  principal  part ;  stem 
very  short,  its  leaves  Ungulate,  spreading,  entire,  costate,  thick  and  fleshy ;  the 
perichajtial  leaves  much  larger,  membranous,  erect,  lanceolate,  ciliate-lacerate  at 
the  point,  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  long  serrulate  awn.  (Name  from  Si's, 
twice,  and  (frvintiov,  a  vesicle;  the  wide  separation  of  the  thecal  and  sporangial 
membranes  giving  the  appearance  of  one  vesicle  within  another.) 

1.  D.  lolioMi in.  Web.  &  Mohr.  Whole  plant  3"-4"  high.  —  Clayey  or 
barren  soil;  not  unfrequent  in  hilly  districts.  (Tab.  17.)  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XVIII.    POLYTRICHE M. 
43.     ATRICHUITI,    Beauv.        (Tab.  17.) 

Calyptra  narrowly  cuculliform,  naked,  spinulose  at  the  apex.  Operculum 
hemispherical  at  the  base,  with  a  long  slender  rostrum.  Capsule  cylindrical  or 
oblong,  nearly  erect,  slightly  arcuate,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single :  teeth 
32,  short,  ligulate,  obtuse,  incurved  and  adhering  by  their  summits  to  the  margin 
of  the  disk-like  apex  of  the  columella.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious  : 
male  flower  cup-shaped.  —  Intermediate  in  habit  between  Polytrichum  and 
Mniuni ;  the  flowering  stems  erect,  simple  or  branched,  from  a  creeping  rhizoma; 
leaves  small  below,  much  larger  and  elongated  above,  crisped  when  dry,  of  a 
minute  firm  hexagonal  areolation,  the  percurrent  costa  bearing  on  its  upper  sur- 
face 2  or  3  narrow  lamellae.  —  (Name  from  a  privative,  and  $pt'£,  rpt^off,  a  hair, 
in  allusion  to  the  naked  calyptra.) 

1.  A.  iiiidiilatiini,  Bcauv.     Stems  erect,  mostly  simple;  leaves  long 
ligulate-lanceolatc,  undulate,  spinulose-toothed,  narrowly  margined,  the  costa 
with  2-4  narrow  lamellas.     (Catherinca  undulata,  Brid.) — Moist  clay-banks, 
in  hilly  districts ;  rare.  —  Monoecious  :  fertile  flower  terminal  on  a  prolongation 
of  the  axis  of  the  sterile  flowers.     (Eu.) 

2.  A.  aiigUStntllllt,  Beauv.     More  slender  than  the  preceding  ;  leaves 
narrower,  more  densely  reticulated,  not  denticulate  below  the  middle,  the  costa 
with  more  numerous  and  broader  lamella?.  —  Shady  woods,  and  margins  of 
swamps;  commol..  —  Dioecious:  male  flower  terminal.     (Tab.  17.)       Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  41 

3.  A.  crZ spurn,  T.  P.  James.  More  robust  than  either  of  the  foregoing ; 
steins  simple,  lower  leaves  small,  somewhat  spatulate;  the  upper  much  larger, 
obloiig-lanceolate,  inclining  to  spatulate,  slightly  undulate,  with  a  thickened  den- 
tate border,  the  costa  percurrent,  scarcely  lamellate ;  arcolae  rather  large,  hexag- 
onal-rotund ;  capsule  obovate-oblong,  erect-cernuous,  its  mouth  ample ;  teeth  of 
the  peristome  very  short,  somewhat  irregular;  pedicel  stout,  red  :  dioecious. — 
Banks  of  small  streams,  New  Jersey,  James.  —  A  very  distinct  species. 

44.    POGONATUOT,   Beauv.      HAIR-CAP  Moss.      (Tab.  17.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  very  hairy ;  the  hairs  forming  a  dense  mat,  covering  the 
whole  capsule.  Operculum  rostellate  from  a  convex  base.  Inflorescence  dioe- 
cious :  male  flower  cup-shaped.  —  Mode  of  growth  as  in  Atrichum ;  leaves  more 
rigid,  spreading  from  a  sheathing  base,  lanceolate,  the  costa  below  narrow,  above 
very  broad  and  covered  with  numerous  crowded  lamella?.  —  (Name  from  Trw-yaw, 
a  beard;  from  the  hairy  calyptra.) 

*  Stems  extremely  short,. 

1.  P.  brevicaule,  Brid.      Stems   2" -3"  high;    leaves  few,  erect-ap- 
pressed,  the  lower  ovate-acute,  the  upper  narrowly  lanceolate  from  a  broad  base, 
erose-denticulate  above;  capsule  cylindrical,  erect ;  operculum  shortly  rostellate ; 
calyptra  whitish.  —  Moist  clayey  banks,  Eastern  States  and  westward.  —  The 
ground  around  is  always  covered  by  a  green  stratum  of  confervoid  filaments. 

2.  P.  brachyphyllum,  Michx.     Much  like  the  last;  stems  shorter; 
leaves  oval-oblong,  obtuse,  entire ;  capsule  oblong,  cernuous ;  calyptra  brownish. 
—  On  the  ground,  road-sides,  &c.,  Southern  States. 

#  #  Stems  elongated.     (Alpine  species.) 

3.  P.  nrnigerum,  Brid.     Stems  divided  above ;  leaves  lanceolate  from 
a  short  sheathing  base,  pointed,  serrate,  the  lamellae  of  the  costa  abruptly  thick- 
ened on   their  borders;   capsule  cylindrical,  the  surface  granulated.  —  WLita 
Mountains,  New  Hampshire.  — Plant  2' -4' high.     (Tab.    17.)     (Eu.) 

4.  P.  capillare,  Brid.     Very  like  the  preceding,  but  a  smaller  plant ; 
leaves  oblong,  approaching  to  spatulate,  pointed,  more  loosely  placed  on  the 
stem ;  pedicels  more  slender ;  rostrum  of  the  operculum  rather  flexuous ;  teeth 
of  the  peristome  more  linear,  their  basal  membrane  conspicuously  emergent. — 
White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire. 

5.  P.  alpinum,    Brid.      Stems  much  elongated,  fastigiately  branched 
above ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate  from  a  long  sheathing  base,  serrate ;  lamell®  of 
the  costa  gradually  thickened  at  their  margins;  capsule  erect  or  oblique,  oval- 
oblong,   the  surface  smooth.  —  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire.  —  Larger 
than  any  of  the  above.     (Eu.) 

45.     POLYTRICHUITI,    Brid.        HAIR-CAP  Moss.     (Tab.  17.) 

Calyptra  and  operculum  as  in  the  last.     Capsule  4-6-sided,  oblong  or  ovate, 

with  a  discoid  apophysis,  erect  (when  dry  horizontal),  long-pedicellate.    Peri- 

stome  single:  teeth  64:  —  otherwise  as  in  Atrichum;  with  the  inflorescence  and 

modo  of  growth  of  Pogonatum.  —  Tall  showy  Mosses,  *raong  the  largest  of  the 

54* 


42  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

Acrocaipi  ;  stems  firm  from  a  suberect  rhizoma  (hence  forming  more  compact 
tufts),  almost  woody,  triangular,  dark  purple,  shining;  leaves  rigid  and  coria- 
ceous, linear-lanceolate,  below  sheathing,  above  spreading,  and  mostly  occupied 
by  the  broad  lamelligerous  costa.  (Name  from  TroXvj,  many,  and  6pi£,  Tpi\6s, 
a  hair;  from  the  hairy  covering  of  the  calyptra.) 

1.  P.  commune,  Linn.     Stems  erect,  mostly  simple  ;  leaves  spreading 
or  recurved,  flat,  serrate  on  the  margins  and  back  ;  the  lamellae  somewhat  2-cleft 
at  their  margins  ;  capsule  oblong,  4-sided,  the  angles  acute  ;  operculum  shortly 
rostrate  from  a  convex  base.  —  Shady  moist  places  ;  common.  —  Plant  6'  -12' 
high.     (Tab.    17.)     (Eu.) 

2.  P.  formdsum,  Hedw.     Differs  from  the  preceding  by  its  longer  and 
slightly  curved  capsule  with  obtuse  angles,  a  smaller  obcouic  apophysis  tapering 
into  the  pedicel,  and  the  conical  operculum.  —  Woods,  around  the  base  of  trees, 
&c.     (Eu.) 

3.  P.  gracile,  Menzies.     Usually  somewhat  smaller  than  No.  1  or  2; 
capsule  ovate,  4  -  6-sided,  obtuse-angled  ;  operculum  long-rostrate  ;   the  hairy 
covering  of  the  calyptra  shorter  than  the  capsule  ;  spores  larger  ;  basal  mem- 
brane of  the  peristome  not  emergent.  —  Boggy  places,  Ipswich,  Massachusetts, 
Oakes.     (Eu.) 

4.  P.  jtmiperimim,  Hedw.     Stem  simple  or  divided;   leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  awn-pointed,  denticulate  on  the  back,  the  margins  inflexed,  entire  ; 
capsule  and  operculum  as  in  No.  1.  —  Var.  STRICTUM.     Stems  elongated,  slen- 
der ;  leaves  appressed  ;  capsule  cubical.  —  Margins  of  woods,  in  exposed  places, 
&c.  —  Plant  4'  -  7'  high  ;  the  variety  subalpine.     (Eu.) 

5.  P.  piliferum,  Schreb.     Stems  simple;  leaves  clustered  at  the  sum- 
mit, lanceolate,  the  margins  inflexed,  entire  ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  long  diaph- 
anous and  spinulose  awn  ;  capsule  ovate-oblong,  4-sided  ;  operculum  conical, 
rostrate.  —  Rocky  places,  in  mountainous  districts.  —  Plant  2'  -4'  high.     (Eu.) 


TRIBE  XIX. 

46.    T  01  HI  I  A,    Hedw.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  large,  cuculliform.  Operculum  hemispherical,  papillate  or  with  a 
central  depression.  Capsule  oblong,  subpyriform,  erect-cernuous,  broadly  an- 
nulate, long-pedicellate.  Peristome  double  ;  the  exterior  of  1  6  lanceolate  ge- 
niculate-incurved  teeth  ;  the  interior,  a  membrane  divided  half-way  into  64  cilia 
coherent  in  fours  at  their  apices.  Inflorescence  monoecious  :  male  flower  gemmi- 
form,  axillary.  —  Partaking  more  or  less  of  the  characters  of  Mnium,  Aulacom- 
nion,  and  Polytrichum  ;  stems  caespitose,  ascending  from  a  decumbent  radicu- 
lose  base,  innovating  sparingly  above  ;  leaves  of  a  firm  and  rather  rigid  texture, 
sheathing  at  the  base,  elongated-lanceolate,  spreading,  strongly  dentate,  with  a 
stout  and  terete  percurrent  costa  ;  areolas  rotund  above,  elongated-hexagonal 
below.  (Named  after  J.  C.  Timm,  a  German  botanist.) 

1.  T.  iJH'jfapolilisiia,  Hedw.  —  The  calyptra  is  often  arrested  in  its 
growth,  and  found  attached  to  the  pedicel,  having  given  egress  to  the  capsule  by 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  43 

a  lateral  fissure  not  extending  through  its  tubular  base.  —  Shady  banks  of  water- 
courses;  not  uncommon.     (Tab.    17.)     (Eu.) 

47.    AUtACOUINION,    Schwsegr.        (Tab.  17.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  shortly  and  obtusely  rostellate  from  a 
convex  base.  Capsule  oblong,  cernuous,  striate  (ribbed  when  dry),  long-pedi- 
cellate, annulate.  Peristome  as  in  Bryum,  but  with  ciliolre  (2  or  3  together* 
always  present.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious.  — Plants  having,  be- 
sides a  peculiar  habit  of  their  own,  a  mixed  resemblance  to  species  of  Mnium, 
Bartramia,  and  Meesia;  stems  erect,  tomentose;  upper  portion  of  the  branches 
in  some  species  elongated,  leafless,  pedicel-like,  and  terminated  by  capitula  of 
rudimentary  leaves  (pseudopodia) ;  leaves  oblong  or  linear-lanceolate,  costate 
nearly  to  the  apex,  with  a  granular  dot-like  areolation.  (Name  from  avXat-, 
-anas,  a  furrow,  and  /mop,  a  moss,  in  allusion  to  the  furrowed  or  ribbed  capsule.) 

1.  A.  IK  t<  iosti<  IIIIIH,  Br.  &  Sch.     Leaves  obovate-oblong,  strongly 
sen-ate,  turned  to  one  side ;  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  slightly  curved ;  opercu- 
lum  obliquely  rostellate.  —  Woods,  moist  shady  banks,  &c. ;  common.  —  Monce- 
cious  ;  sterile  flower  gemmiform,  axillary :  pseudopodia  wanting.     (Tab.   17.) 

2.  A.  turbid ii ill,  Schwjegr.     Leaves  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  entire;  cap- 
sule curved,  somewhat  gibbous.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire. — Dice- 
cious  :  sterile  flower  discoid :  presence  of  pseudopodia  doubtful. 

3.  A.  palilStre,  Schwaegr.    Leaves  elongated-lanceolate,   denticulate  at 
the  apex;  capsule  cernuous,  ovate-oblong,  gibbous  at  the  back.  —  Borders  of 
swamps  ;  not  unfrequent.  —  Inflorescence  as  in  No.  2 :  pseudopodia  less  fre- 
quent than  in  the  next  species.     (En.) 

4.  A.  amll'tigyillllll,  Schwsegr.    Dioecious ;   a  miniature  resemblance 
of  the  preceding  species  ;  distinguished  by  its  gemmiform  male  flower  and  ob- 
long, regular,   inclined   capsule:  pseudopodia  more  abundant  and  fruit  more 
rare.  —  Chimney  Rocks,  on  the  French  Broad  River,  Tennessee.     (Eu.) 

48.    BRYUOT,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.   18.) 

Calyptra  small,  cuculliform,  fugacious.  Operculum  convex,  apiculate  or 
shortly  rostellate.  Capsule  pyriform,  clavate  or  oblong,  with  a  tapering  neck 
or  apophysis,  inclined  or  pendulous,  long-pedicellate,  mostly  annulate.  Peri- 
stome double;  the  exterior  16  lanceolate  teeth,  with  a  flexuous  medial  line, 
hygroscopic;  articulation  close,  internally  prominent:  the  interior  a  membrane 
divided  half-way  into  16  carinate  processes  or  cilia,  alternating  with  the  teejh  ; 
intermediate  ciliolse  (1-3  together)  mostly  present.  Inflorescence  various: 
male  flower  with  filiform  paraphyses.  —  A  very  natural  genus,  containing  nu- 
merous species,  growing  on  the  ground  or  on  rocks,  seldom  on  trees;  stems 
closely  caespitose,  erect,  sparingly  branched  by  innovations  from  the  floral  apex ; 
leaves  enlarged  as  they  ascend,  usually  of  an  ovate  or  lanceolate  outline,  with  a 
percurrent  costa,  smooth  texture,  and  rather  large  rhomboidal  areolation 
(Bpvov,  an  rncient  name  for  Moss.) 


44  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

*  Leaiies  narrow,  elongated;  the  costa  ceasing  below  the  apex. 
•*-  Inflorescence  hermaphrodite. 

1.  B.  pyrif6rine,  Hedw.     Stems  short  (3" -4' ),  simple ;  leaves  bright 
shining  green,  spreading,  linear-setaceous,  subflexuous,  slightly  serrate  at  the 
apex  ;  capsule  pyriform,  pendulous,  glossy,  yellowish-brown,  of  a  thin  texture ; 
operculum  convex,  mammillate ;  pedicel  long.  —  Mostly  on  the  ground  in  burnt 
woods,  &c. ;  frequent.     (Eu.) 

2.  B.  crudlim,  Schreb.    Patches  glaucous-green,  somewhat  loose  ;  stems 
J'-2'  high;  lower  leaves  oval-lanceolate,  the  terminal  linear-lanceolate,  sub- 
flexuous, serrated  at  the  apex ;  capsule  oval-pyriform  or  oblong,  suberect  or 
horizontal;    operculum   as   in  No.  1.  —  White   Mountains,   New  Hampshire, 
Oakes  — Sometimes  dioecious.     (Eu.) 

•i-  •»-  Inflorescence  dioecious :  male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal. 

3.  B.    Lescurianiim,    Sulliv.       Loosely  csespitose,   greenish-yellow, 
without  any  tinge  of  red  ;  stems  4" -6"  long,  subdecumbent ;  lower  leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, the  terminal  much  longer,  linear,  acuminate,  serrate  at  the  apex, 
the  margins  reflexed  at  the  middle ;  capsule  short,  pyriform,  pendulous,  when 
dry  wide-mouthed;   annulus  compound,  unrolling;  operculum  hemispherical, 
apiculate  ;  pedicel  erect  from  a  geniculate  base,  7" -8"  long.  —  (Mem.  Amer. 
Acad.,  n.  ser.  4,  p.  171.)  —  Clay-banks,  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania:  rare. 

4.  B.  aimtitiliuin,  Hedw.     Plant  considerably  larger  than  the  preced- 
ing ;  capsule  oblong-pyriform,  with  a  long,  tapering,  reddish  neck,  and  con- 
stricted under  the  mouth  when  dry.  —  Mountains  of  New  England,  Oakes.  — 
The  sterile  shoots  have  numerous  axillary,  deciduous,  bulb-like  gemma.     (Fu.) 

-i-  •>-  •>-  Inflorescence  monoecious :  antheridia  axillary. 

5.  B.  Clongatum,  Dicks.     Stems  simple,  4" -10"  high;  upper  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  crowded,  spreading,  recurved  on  their  lower  margin,  serrated 
at  the  apex ;  ^capsule  inclined  or  horizontal,  elongated,  narrowly  elavate,  the  col- 
lum  very  long;   operculum  subrostellate ;    pedicel  l'-2'  long.  —  Crevices  of 
rocks,  tops  of  high  mountains  in  the  Southern  States.  —  Ciliolffi  of  the  inner 
peristome  often  rudimentary.     (Eu.) 

6.  B.  lilt  tans,  Schreb.     Stems  about  1' long;  upper  leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, serrulate  at  the  apex,  the  margins  below  recurved ;  capsule  pendulous,  oval- 
pyriform  or  elliptical,  short-necked ;  operculum  apiculate ;  ciliolse  of  the  inner 
peristome  in  twos  or  threes,  large,  appendiculate ;  pedicel  l'-2'  high,  pale  above. 
—  Moist  sandy  soil,  in  hilly  or  mountainous  districts.     (Eu.) 

7.  B.  CUCllIlittllin,   Schwsegr.     An   alpine  species,  often   confounded 
with  alpine  forms  of  the  last  species ;  its  most  reliable  distinctive  characters 
are  the  larger  obovate  capsule,  with  a  small  operculum,  and  the  absence  of  the 
ciliolce  of  the  inner  peristome.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Gray, 
Oakes.     (Eu.) 

*  #  Leaves  broad;  costa  ceasing  below  the  apex.     (Dioecious:  male  flower  terminal.) 

8.  B.  roseum.  Schreb.     Stems  l'-2'  long,  decumbent  at  the  base;  low- 
er leaves  small,  appressed,  the  upper  very  large,  serrated,  spatulate,  apiculate, 
forming  terminal  stellate  clusters ;  capsule  pendulous,  clavate-oblung  or  sub- 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  45 

cylindrical,  slightly  curved,  short-necked ;  pedicels  1  -  5  from  the  same  peri- 
chaeth ;  male  flower  somewhat  discoid.  —  Shaded  woods,  at  the  base  of  trees  : 
common.  —  Among  the  largest  of  the  genus.  (Eu.) 

9.  B.  Wahlenbergii,   Schwaegr.    Patches  extensive,  pale  gkucous- 
green ;  stems  erect,  or  decumbent  at  the  base,  1 '  -  2'  long ;  leaves  serrate,  the 
lower  ones  ovate-acuminate,  the  uppermost  lanceolate,  sen-ate  at  the  apex,  with  a 
rather  loose  areolation  ;   capsule  short-pyriform,  pendulous,  short-necked,  when 
dry  wide-mouthed;  annulus  none;  male  flower  somewhat  discoid,  conspicuous, 
on  a  slender  stem.  —  Springy  and  gravelly  places;  not  uncommon:  but  the 
fruit  rare.     (Eu.) 

10.  B.  argcntenm,  Linn.     Patches  silvery-white  ;  stems  4"- 10'  high, 
divided  ;  branches  julaceous  ;  leaves  very  concave,  entire,  loosely  areolated ;  the 
lower  distant,  broadly  ovate ;  the  upper  ovate-lanceolate,  imbricating ;  capsule 
abruptly  pendulous,  oval-oblong,  deep  purple  when  ripe.  —  On  exposed  ground, 
roofs,  pavements,  &c. :  extremely  common.  —  A  small  species.     (Eu.) 

#  #  #  Leaves  mostly  ovate ;  the  costa  extending  to  the  apex.     (Dicecious.) 

11.  B.  pseudo-triquetrum,  Schwaegr.    Patches  large,  deep  green, 
inclining  to  blackish  or  purplish;  stems  l'-3' high,  radiculose ;  leaves  ovate 
and  ovate-lanceolate,  slightly  bordered,  the  margins  recurved,  slightly  serrulate 
at  the  apex  ;  capsule  pendulous,  oblong-pyriform,  with  a  tapering  neck.  —  Wet 
rocks,  in  hilly  districts,  Southern  Ohio.  —  Resembles  B.  bimum,  but  is  more 
robust,  and  with  a  different  inflorescence.     (Eu.) 

12.  B.  tiirbiiiatum,   Hedw.     Patches  pale  green,  sometimes  with  a 
reddish  tinge  ;  stems  l'-2'  long  ;  leaves  ovate-acuminate  and  oblong-lanceolate, 
subdecurrent,  slightly  recurved  on  the  margins,  the  marginal  cellules  long  and 
narrow;  capsule  ventricose-pyriform,  very  much  constricted  under  the  mouth 
when  dry.  —  Wet  rocks,  below  Niagara  Falls.     (Eu.) 

13.  B.  Duvalii,  Voit.    Distinguished  from  the  preceding  (some  forms 
of  which  it  much  resembles)  by  its  more  slender  stems;  its  remote",  spreading, 
very  much  decurrent,  less  elongated  leaves,  of  a  looser  areolation  and  with  plane 
margins;  capsule  less  constricted  under  the  mouth  when  dry.  —  Mountains  of 
New  England,  Oakcs.     (Eu.) 

14.  B.  alpinuni,  L.     Tufts  dense,  deep  red,  shining;  stems  (|'-2'high^ 
stiff;   leaves  lanceolate,  nearly  erect,  closely  imbricating,  straight,  recurved 
on   the   margins ;    costa  strong,   rigid ;    capsule  oblong-pyriform,  pendulous, 
deep  red.  —  Alpine  region  of  the  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes. 
(Eu.) 

#  #  *  *  Leaves  ovate ;  the  costa  excwrent. 
•<-  Inflorescence  hermaphrodite. 

15.  B.  ccrntllim,  Hedw.     Closely  caespitose ;   stems  branched,  radicu- 
lose ;  leaves  ovate-acuminate,  concave,  with  recurved  margins  ;  capsule  pendu- 
lous, oblong-pyriform,  the  mouth  and  operculum  very  small ;    inner  peristome 
imperfect,  adherent  to  the  teeth.  —  Wet  woods,  Northern  Ohio.     (Eu.) 

16.  B.   EH  in ii  in,    Schreb.      Stems  l'-2'  long,  matted  by  the  purplish 
radicels ;  leaves  above  yellowish  or  lurid-green,  below  re ddist -brown,  ovg.16- 


46  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

lanceolate,  spreading,  subdecurrent,  somewhat  margined,  slightly  serrated  at  the 
apex ;  capsule  pendulous,  oblong-pyriform,  mouth  and  operculum  rather  large ; 
inner  peristome  perfect.  —  About  the  roots  of  trees,  on  the  borders  of  swamps  j 
Ohio.  v(Tab.  18.)  (Eu.) 

17.  B.  intermedium,  Brid.    Densely  csespitose;  stems  short  (3" -6" 
high);  leaves   ovate-acuminate  and  ovate-lanceolate,   imbricated,   erect,   their 
margins  reflexed,  the  excurrent  portion  of  the  costa  sometimes  denticulate ;  cap- 
sule somewhat  pendulous,  oblong-pyriform  ;  inner  peristome  perfect  —  Crevicea 
of  shaded  limestone  cliffs,  Ohio ;  and  on  brick  walls,  near  the  Santee  Canal, 
South  Carolina.      (Eu.) 

18.  B.  torquescens,  Br.  &  Sch.     Much  like  the  last ;  but  distinguished 
by  its  leaves  contorted  when  dry,   and  its  larger,   clavate-obconic,   somewhat 
pendulous  capsule,  usually  incurved.  —  Texas,  Wriyht.     (Eu.) 

•*-  -i-  Inflorescence  dioecious :  male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal. 

19.  B.  capillare,    Hedw.      Stems   y -1     long,   rather  closely  tufted; 
leaves  strongly  contorted  when  dry,  narrowly  margined,  the  lower  ovate-oblong, 
apiculate ;  the  upper  obovate-oblong  with  slender  points ;  capsule  rather  pen- 
dulous, variable,  oval-pyriform,  oblong-clavate,  or  short-obovate ;  operculura 
red. —  On  rocks,  road-sides,  mountains  of  Pennsylvania,  Lesquereux:  rare.    A 
variable  species.     (Eu.) 

20.  B.  caespiticinm,  L.      Tufts  compact;  stems   $'-!'  long;  leaves 
straight  when  dry,  ovate-acuminate  and  ovate-lanceolate,  the  margins  reflexed ; 
capsule  usually  oblong-obovate  or  pyriform,  pendulous  ;  operculum  yellow.  — 
On  the  ground,  rocks,  &c.,  in  dry  places :  frequent.     (Eu.) 

21.  B.  atropurpureum,  Web.  &  Mohr.    Smaller  than  the  last ;  stems 
densely  crowded ;  leaves  ovate-acute  and  ovate-lanceolate,  erect-patent,  concave, 
reflexed  on  the  margins  ;  capsule  pendulous,  dark  purple,  oval-oblong,  not  pyri- 
form, the  neck  abruptly  passing  into  the  pedicel;  operculum  wider  than  the 
mouth  of  the  capsule.  —  Sandy  soil,  among  the  Lookout  Mountains,  Alabama, 
Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

22.  B.  sanguineum,  Ludwig.    Distinguished  from  the  last  species, 
which  it  much  resembles,  by  its  leaves  more  elongated,  longer-cuspidate,  plane 
on  the  margins,  and  serrate  at  the  apex ;  capsule  deep  blood-red,  oblong-pyri- 
form, the  neck  gradually  tapering  into  the  pedicel ;  the  operculum  more  point- 
ed.—With  No.  21.     (Eu.) 

*-  -i-  I-  Inflorescence  monoecious :  male  flower  gemmiform,  terminal  on  proper  branchet. 

23.  B.  llligindsilHl,  Br.  &  Sch.    Csespitose;  stems  short  (3" -7"  high), 
radiculose ;  leaves  oval-lanceolate,  the  margins  plane  above  and  with  narrow  cel- 
lules ;  capsule  pendulous,  clavate,  not  pyriform,  irregular,  gibbous  on  the  back 
near  the  small  oblique  mouth ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  wanting  or  rudimen- 
tary. —  Wet  woods,  Northern  Ohio,  Lesquereux.  — Foliage  green.     (Eu.) 

24.  B.  pallescens,  Schwaegr      Stems  l'-2'  high,  compactly  tufted; 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  margins  reflexed ;  capsule  oblong-pyriform,  sya> 
metrical,pendulous  ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  present  and  appendiculate  — 
Central  Ohio  :  very  rare  — Lower  leaves  with  a  reddish  tint.     (Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  47 

49.    HINiUHI,  Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  small,  cuculliform,  fugacious.  Operculum  convex  at  the  base,  apic- 
nlate  or  rostellate.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong,  not  pyriform,  mostly  pendulous, 
long-pedicellate,  annulate.  Peristome  as  in  Bryum.  Inflorescence  dioecious  or 
hermaphrodite :  male  flower  with  clavate  paraphyses.  —  Nearly  allied  to  the 
preceding  genus,  its  species  however  larger  and  more  showy,  conspicuous  foi 
their  broad,  smooth,  glossy  leaves,  with  a  spinulose-serratcd  thickened  border, 
a  percurrent  costa,  and  large  roundish-hexagonal  areolse  ;  stems  innovating  from 
near  their  base,  stoloniferous  ;  growing  on  the  ground  or  on  rocks  in  shady  situ- 
ations. (Mi/tW,  an  ancient  name  for  Moss.) 

#  Inflorescence  dioecious :  male  flower  terminal,  discoid. 

1.  HI.  aflfine,  Bland.     Stems  radiculose,  1'- 3' high;  upper  leaves  large, 
elliptic-oblong  or  ligulate-obovate,  crowded,  spreading,  undulated  or  crisped 
when  dry,  their  thickened  border  simply  spinulose-serrate ;  leaves  of  the  pro- 
cumbent or  arched  shoots  roundish,  2-ranked  ;  capsule  oblong,  large ;  opercu- 
lum  apiculate  ;  pedicels  often  2-4  from  the  same  perichanh.  —  On  the  ground, 
shaded  banks  in  woods  :  frequent.     (Eu.) 

2.  M.  lirti'iium,  Hedw.     Stems  and  barren   shoots  erect,  l'-3'  high; 
leaves  erect-patent,  narrowly  lanceolate,  their  thickened  border  doubly  spinulose- 
serrate  ;  capsule  oblong,  tapering  into  the  pedicel,  horizontal ;  operculum  apictt 
late.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.    (Eu.) 

3.  ITI.  orthorhyiiclllllll,  Brid.      Stems  simple,   l'-lj'  high;  upper 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  subspatulate,  the  border  as  in  the  last  species ;  areola 
unusually  small  and  opaque  for  the  genus  ;  capsule  horizontal,  oblong,  slightly 
incurved  ;  operculum  conic-rostellate.  —  Wet  pine-woods,  near  Montreal,  Can- 
ada East.     (Eu.) 

4.  HI.  Stellare,  Hedw.      Stems  closely  caespitose,   l'-2'  high;    leaves 
oval-oblong,  inclining  to  spatulate,  without  a  thickened  border,  strongly  serrate 
above,  very  brittle  when  dry ;  areolae  roundish,  rather  small ;  capsule  oblong, 
horizontal,  slightly  incurved;  operculum  simply  hemispherical.  —  Margins  of 
woodland  brooks  :  fruit  rare.  —  Foliage  dark  green  with  an  indigo  tinge,  and 
acid  to  the  taste.     (Eu.) 

5.  HI.  punctatum,  Hedw.    Stems  £'  -  4'  high,  radiculose ;  leaves  large, 
spreading,  roundish-obovate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  scarcely  pointed,  with  a  thick- 
ened firm  border,  not  serrate ;  capsule  rather  pendulous,  oval ;  operculum  conic- 
roEtellate.  —  Wet  places,  on  the  ground,  Alleghany  Mountains.  —  Foliage  with 
a  reddish  tinge.     (Eu.) 

#  *  Inflorescence  hermaphrodite. 

6.  HI.  serratum,   Brid.     Stems  £'-!'  high,  loosely  csespitose;  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  the  thickened  border  doubly  spinulose-dentate  ;  capsule  nearly 
horizontal,  oval,  gradually  tapering  into  the  pedicel;  operculum  short-rostel- 
late.  —  Margins  of  rivulets,  in  woods.  — Among  the  smallest  species.     (Eu.) 

7.  HI.  I>rumiii6iidii,  Br.  &  Sch.    Densely  casspitose;  stems  about  1' 
high ;  leaves  erect  from  an  oblong  narrow  base,  broad-ovate,  shortly  acuminate, 
scarcely  crisped  when  dry,  with  a  narrow,  thickened,  and  simply  spinulose-den- 

G.  M.  4  " 


48  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.; 

tatc  border;  capsule  short,  oval,  pendulous;  operculum  short,  conic-acute.— 
White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes. 

8.  TH.  rostra  turn,  Schwsegr.     Stems  £'-!'  high;  the  sterile  branches 
longer,  decumbent  or  somewhat  creeping ;  leaves  oval-oblong,  obtuse,  very  short- 
apicnlate,  the  thickened  border  obtusely  dentate ;  operculum  rostrate,  half  as  long 
as  the  capsule;  pedicels  often  2-5  together.  —  Along  woodland  rivulets.    (Eu.) 

9.  M.  CUSpidatum,  Hedw.     Stems  |'-1'  high,  closely  tufted,  radicu- 
lose,  the  sterile  branches  arcuate  or  decumbent ;  lower  leaves  obovate-acuminate, 
the  upper  oval-acuminate  with  a  narrowed  base,  the  thickened  border  simply  ser- 
rate ;  capsule  somewhat  pendulous,  solitary ;  opereulum  convex,  scarcely  apicu- 
iUte.  —  Woods,  about  the  roots  of  trees :  frequent.     (Tab.  17.)     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XX.    MEESIEJE. 

5O.    MEESIA,    Hedw.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  small,  cuculliform,  fugacious.  Operculum  conic.  Capsule  apo- 
physated,  erect-cernuous,  clavate,  with  a  small  oblique  mouth,  very  long-pedi- 
cellate, narrowly  annulate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  of  16  short  obtuse 
teeth,  with  a  medial  line  ;  the  interior  of  16  carinate  cilia,  much  longer  than  the 
teeth,  with  a  narrow  basal  membrane.  Inflorescence  various  :  male  flower  with 
clavate  paraphyses.  —  Tall  and  striking  species,  inhabiting  bogs  and  swamps, 
remarkable  for  their  slender  stems  and  long  pedicels,  in  habit  Bryoid,  in  shape 
of  capsule  allied  to  the  Funariete ;  leaves  of  a  lanceolate  outline,  with  a  semi- 
amplexicaul  and  decurrent  base ;  the  costa  percurrent;  areolae  small,  compact, 
oblong.  —  (Named  for  D,  Meese,  a  Dutch  botanist.) 

1.  M.  longiseta,  Hedw.     Hermaphrodite;  stems  3' -5'  high,  tomentose; 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  spreading,  plane  and  entire  on  the  margins,  serrate,  twist- 
ed when  dry  ;  capsule  «lavate-pyriform,  incurved,  the  apophysis  constituting  half 
its  length  (as  in  the  other  species) ;  the  exterior  peristome  more  or  less  adherent 
to  the  interior;  annulus  rather  persistent;  operculum  obtuse;  pedicels  4' -5' 
long.  —  Cranberry  marshes,  Northern  Ohio.  —  A  variety,  smaller  in  all  its  parts, 
occurs  among  the  mountains  of  New  England.     (Tab.   17.)     (Eu.) 

2.  M.  tristiclia,  Br.  &  Sch.     Distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  its 
8-ranked,  wider,  sqnarrose  and  denticulate  leaves,  and  the  dioecious  inflorescence, 
with  a  terminal  discoid  male  flower.  —  Grows  In  similar  places.     (Eu.) 

3.  M.  uliginosa,  Hedw.      Smaller  than  No.  1  and  2,  monoecious  and 
hermaphrodite  on  the  same  plant ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  linear,  obtuse, 
with  entire  recurved  margins  and  a  heavy  costa ;  operculum  truncate.  —  White 
Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes :  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XXI.    BARTRAMIE^E. 

51.    BARTRAIUIA,    Hedw.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  small,  dimidiate,  fugacious.  Operculum  small,  conic-convex. 
Capsule  globular,  cernuous,  seldom  erect  or  pendulous,  exannulate,  striated. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  49 

when  dry  furrowed,  with  a  long  and  erect  (rarely  short  and  arcuate)  pedicel. 
Peristome  usually  double,  sometimes  single  or  none ;  the  exterior  of  16  teeth 
like  those  of  Bryum  ;  the  interior  a  plicated  membrane  divided  half-way  into  16 
cilia,  splitting  along  their  middle ;  their  segments  divergent ;  rudimentary  ciliolae 
often  present.  Inflorescence  various.  —  Plants  remarkable  for  their  globose 
capsule ;  growing  in  extensive  tufts  on  the  ground,  and  on  rocks,  rarely  on 
trees  ;  stems  covered  with  a  dense  radicular  tomentum  ;  leaves  lanceolate,  more 
or  less  elongated,  serrate,  papillose  on  both  surfaces,  of  a  firm  texture ;  areolae 
dense,  quadrate  or  oblong ;  costa  percurrent  or  excurrent.  (Named  in  honor  of 
John  Bartrarn,  the  earliest  native  American  botanist.)  — In  the  following  species 
the  capsule  is  cernuous :  peristome  double  :  pedicel  long  and  erect. 

§  1.  BARTRAMIA  PROPER.  —  Stems  dichotomously  branched. 

1.  B.  itliyphylla,  Brid.     Hermaphrodite;  tufts  compact,  bright  yellow- 
ish-green ;  stems  £'  -  2'  high ;  leaves  erect-patent,  lanceolate,  subulate  from  a 
broad,  sheathing,  whitish  base ;  costa  large,  excurrent,  with  a  scabrous  point  — 
Alpine  and  subalpine  rocks,  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire.     (Eu.) 

2.  B.  CEderi,  Swartz.    Hermaphrodite ;  tufts  loose,  extensive,  dark-green ; 
stems  slender,  l'T3'  high;  leaves  remote,  patent-recurved  from  an  erect  (not 
sheathing)  base,  lanceolate,  carinate,  scarcely  papillose,  recurved  on  the  margins, 
costate  to  the  apex.  —  Mountains  of  New  England.     (Eu.) 

3.  B.  pomifdrmis,    Hcdw.      Monoecious;    tufts   large,  rather  dense, 
glaucous-green;  stems  1' -3' high;  leaves  crowded,  spreading,  lanceolate-subu- 
late or  linear-subulate,  crisped  when  dry,  Saltish,  the  costa  excurrent;  male 
flower  gemmiform,  contiguous  to  the  female.  —  Shady  banks,  either  dry  or 
moist:  common.     (Tab.   17.)     (Eu.) 

§2.  THILON6TIS,  Brid.  —  Stems  fasticulately  branched. 

4.  B.  font  ana,  Brid.    Dioscious;  tufts   extensive,   dense,  yellowish  or 
glaucous-green;  stems  elongated  (3' -7'  high);  branches  interruptedly  verticil- 
late  ;  leaves  of  two  forms,  either  short,  ovate-acuminate  and  appressed,  or  longer, 
lanceolate  and  spreading  or  secund,  both  reflexed  on  the  margins  below  and  ob- 
scurely plicate  at  the  base  ;  inner  leaves  of  the  discoid  male  flower  obtuse,  not 
costate.  —  Wet  springy  places,  in  mountain  districts.     (Eu.) 

5.  B.  c:ilc;"ir<>:i,  Br.  &  Sch.    Dioecious;  compared  with  the  last  species 
(which  it  very  closely  resembles),  its  leaves  are  longer,  more  rigid  and  gradually 
tapering,  less  papillose,  with  a  larger  areolation  and  a  stronger  costa ;  perigo- 
nial  leaves  costate  to  the  acuminated  apex  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  not  so  closely 
articulated.  —  Specimens  intermediate  between  this  species  (as  above  described 
from  European  specimens)  and  No.  4,  were  gathered  by  Lesquereux,  on  wet 
rocks,  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina.     (Eu.) 

6.  B.  IHaM'Jiira,  Brid.     Dioecious;  resembles  reduced  forms  of  B.  fon- 
tana;  leaves  uniform  in  shape,  spreading  or  secund,  narrow,  lanceolate,  not  pli- 
cate, mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  capsule  thin-walled  ;  male  flower  gem- 
miform ;  perigonial  leaves  erect,  lanceolate,  acute,  costate.  —  (B.  Muhlenbcrgii, 
Schwax/r  \  —  Gravelly  and  springy  places.     (Eu.) 


50  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

7.  K.  radicalis,  Beauv.  Monoecious ;  stems  short ;  leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, erect,  cuspidate  by  the  long-excurrent  scabrous  costa ;  male  flower  gemmi- 
form,  close  to  the  female.  —  Wet  clay-banks,  Ohio  and  southward. 

52.     CONOSTOMUUI,    Swartz.        (Tab.    17.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic-rostellate.  Capsule  globular,  cer- 
nuous,  exannulate,  with  a  long  erect  pedicel.  Peristome  single :  teeth  16,  linear- 
lanceolate,  prominently  articulated,  with  a  medial  line,  united  at  their  apices. 
Inflorescence  dioecious:  male  flower  subdiscoid,  with  clavate  paraphyses.  —  A 
genus  scarcely  distinguishable  from  Bartramia,  differing  only  in  the  structure  of 
the  peristome,  the  rostellate  opcrculum,  and  the  larger  and  less  fugacious  calyp- 
tra.  (Name  from  KOJJ/OS,  a  cone,  and  ord/xa,  a  mouth,  in  allusion  to  the  cone-like 
appearance  of  the  peristome. ) 

1.  C.  boreale,  Swartz.  Stems  compactly  csespitose,  £'-2'  high,  glau- 
cous-green above,  brownish  below ;  leaves  erect,  imbricated  in  5  rows,  lanceo- 
late-acuminate, serrate,  sharply  carinate,  mncronate  by  the  excurrent  costa.  — 
On  rocks,  in  bleak  alpine  situations,  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire. 
(Tab.  17.)  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XXII.    FUNARltiJE. 

53.    FU  W ARIA,    Schreb.        (Tab.  IT.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  inflated  below,  subulate  above.  Operculum  conic  or 
convex-obtuse.  Capsule  obliquely  pyriform,  rather  ventricose,  cernuous,  with  a 
small  oblique  mouth,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  double :  the  exterior  of  16 
teeth,  oblique,  lanceolate-attenuated,  and  connected  at  their  apices  by  a  small 
reticulated  disk ;  the  interior  a  membrane  divided  to  the  base  into  16  lanceolate 
cilia,  opposite  the  teeth.  Inflorescence  monoecious  :  male  flower  subdiscoid, 
its  paraphyses  much  enlarged  at  their  apex. — Annual  or  biennial  gregarious 
plants,  growing  on  the  ground ;  stems  at  first  simple,  terminated  by  a  male 
flower,  afterwards  branched,  the  branches  producing  fertile  flowers ;  lower  leaves 
remote  ;  upper  ones  clustered,  larger,  broad-lanceolate,  of  a  thin  and  loose  tex- 
ture ;  the  areolse  large,  hexagonal-oblong ;  costa  loosely  cellular,  ceasing  below 
the  apex.  (Name  from  funis,  a  rope,  from  the  twisted  pedicel.) 

1.  F.  hygrometrica,  Hedw.     Stems  3" -10"  high;  upper  and  peri- 
ehsetial  leaves  connivent,  crowded  into  a  bud-like  cluster,  broadly  ovate-lanceo- 
late, very  concave,  entire,  costate  nearly  to  the  apex ;  the  perigonial  leaves 
serrate  ;  capsule  furrowed  when  dry,  the  border  of  its  mouth  corrugated  ;  annu- 
lus  large,  spirally  unrolling;  pedicel  (2' -3'  long)  arcuate  and  flexuous.  —  Var. 
CALVESCENS  has  the  pedicel  more  elongated  and  straight,  the  capsule  more 
slender,  and  almost  erect.  —  Very  common,  on  the  ground  (particularly  when 
lately  burnt  over),  and  on  walls;  the  variety  occurs  mostly  in  the  Southern 
States.     (Tab.  17.)     (Eu.) 

2.  F.  flavicans,  Michx.    In  general  appearance  very  much  like  the  last , 
but  the  color  paler ;  leaves  not  so  connivent  and  with  a  long  cuspidate  point,  the 


MCSCI.     (MOSSES.)  51 

costa  excurrent;  pedicels  not  arcuate  nor  so  flexuous;  capsule  less  obovate, 
very  slightly  furrowed  when  dry ;  mouth  larger,  not  so  oblique,  and  its  border 
smooth.  —  Southern  States. 

3.  F.  JVIllhleilbcrgii,  Schwaegr.     Very  much  smaller  than  No.  1  or  2; 
stems  I" -3"  high  ;  upper  leaves  erect-patent,  oblong-obovate,  suddenly  acumi- 
nate, obtusely  serrate,  the  costa  ceasing  below  the  point ;  capsule  shortly  pyri- 
form,  not  furrowed  when  dry;   operculum  convex,  apiculate;  annulus  none; 
pedicels  6" -8"  high,  twisted  to  the  right  when  dry;  spores  more  than  twice  the 
diameter  of  those  of  No.  1,  granular  on  the  surface.  —  Pennsylvania.     (Eu.) 

4.  F.  serrata,  Beauv.    Intermediate  in  size  between  Nos.  1  and  3;  com- 
pared with  the  last,  the  leaves  are  longer,  spatulate-lanceolate,  distantly  and 
sharply  serrated  above,  the  costa  excurrent;  operculum  convex,  not  apiculate; 
the  pedicel  l'-lj'  high,  when  dry  twisted  to  the  left  its  whole  length;  spores 
larger.  —  Pennsylvania  and  southward. 

54.  E  .\TOST1IO  DON,    Schwaegr.        (Tab.    18.) 

Calyptra  rostrate,  cuculliform,  inflated  below.  Operculum  depressed-convex. 
Capsule  erect,  pyriform,  symmetrical,  smooth,  long-pedicellate.  Peristome  sin- 
gle :  teeth  1 6,  short,  somewhat  fissile,  linear-lanceolate,  inserted  below  the  orifice 
of  the  capsule,  horizontal.  —  Inflorescence,  ramification,  and  structure  of  leaves 
as  in  Funaria.  — (Name  formed  of  firroatiev,  from  within,  and  o&av,  tooth, 
alluding  to  the  insertion  of  the  teeth.) 

1.  E.  Druiuiii6ndii,  Sulliv.  Stems  l"-2"  high;  leaves  connivent, 
elliptic-oblong,  rather  obtuse,  slightly  crenate  on  the  margin,  concave,  costate  to 
the  apex,  areolation  large ;  capsule  globose-pyriform,  operculum  flattish ;  pedi- 
cels 5" -7"  high  ;  calyptra  erect,  with  a  straight  subulate  rostrum  as  long  as  the 
capsule,  — (E.  obtusifolius,  Hook.fr  IVils.  in  Drum.  2d  coU.  No.  36.)— Wet, 
clayey  soil,  Southern  States.  —  The  short-pyriform  capsule  and  the  long-subu- 
late rostrum  of  the  calyptra,  readily  distinguish  this  species  from  the  nearly 
allied  E.  Templetoni,  Schwcegr.  and  E.  obtusifolius,  J.  D.  Hook.  (Tab.  18.) 

55.  PIIYSCOiniTRIUMr,    Brid.        (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  long-rostrate,  mitriform  and  lobed  at  the  base,  or  inflated-cuculliform. 
Operculum  flattish-convex,  with  or  without  an  apiculus.  Capsule  pyriform, 
symmetrical,  exannulate,  its  pedicel  mostly  erect.  Peristome  wanting. — An- 
nual and  biennial  plants,  with  the  inflorescence,  ramification,  and  structure  of 
leaves  as  in  Funaria.  (Name  from  <f)v<TKOf,  something  inflated,  and  furpiov, 
a,  little  cap.) 

1.  P.  pyrifdrme,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  2"- 5"  high;  leaves  spatnlato- 
lanceolate,  serrate,  spreading,  the  costa  nearly  percurrent,  capsule  globose-pyri. 
form,  on  an  erect  exserted  pedicel  5" -8"  long;  calyptra  mitriform,  lobed.  — • 
On  the  ground  ;  extremely  common.     (Eu.) 

2.  P.  imim'rsiim,  Sulliv.    Leaves  obovate-lanccolate,  serrate,  the  costa 
percurrent ;  capsule  immersed,  hemispherical  without  the  operculum,  which  is 


52  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

short-pointed  from  a  convex  base,  and  deciduous  with  the  colnmella  attached  j 
calyptra  smair,  mitriform,  4  -  5-lobed  at  the  base.  —  (P.  spluericnm,  Muse.  Alle- 
ghan.,  No.  196.) — Banks  of  the  Ohio  River  subject  to  inundation.  —  A  minute 
annual:  length  of  the  whole  plant  2" -3".  (Tab.  18.) 

3.  P.  tetragonum,  Br.  &  Sch.  Stems  gregarious,  scarcely  1"  high  ; 
leaves  connivent,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  the  costa  ceasing  at  the  apex  or 
excurrent;  capsule  globose-pyriform.  on  an  erect  pedicel  (1"  high),  wide- 
mouthed  when  dry ;  operculum  convex,  apicnlate  ;  calyptra  very  large,  twice  as 
long  as  the  capsule,  fusiform,  4-sided,  splitting  on  one  side.  —  On  the  ground, 
San  Marcos,  Texas,  Wright:  Vincennes,  Indiana,  Lesquereux.  (Eu.) 

56.    A  P II A  NO  RUE  GUI  A,    Sulliv.        (Tab.    18.) 

Calyptra  small,  campanulate-mitriform,  lobed  at  the  base.  Opcrculum  hemi- 
spherical, apiculate.  Capsule  immersed  (including  the  operculum),  spherical, 
nearly  sessile,  exannnlate.  Peristome  none.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  her- 
maphrodite: paraphyses  globosely  distended  at  the  apex.  —  A  genus,  by  its 
feeble  dehiscence,  globose  capsule,  and  the  characters  of  vegetation,  forming  an 
intermediate  link  between  Physcomitrella  among  Cleistocarpous,  and  Phys- 
comitrium  among  Stegocarpous  Mosses.  (Name  from  dfavys,  unapparent, 
and  priypa,  rupture,  or  suture;  i.  e.  dehiscence  obscure.) 

1.  A.  serrata,  Sulliv.  Stems  2" -3"  high,  simple  or  innovating  from 
below  the  apex  ;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate,  costate  nearly  to  the  point  of 
a  large  and  loose  hexagonal  areolation;  capsule  (when  mature)  separating  under 
pressure  along  an  indistinct  transverse  suture  (not  visible  at  an  early  stage)  into 
two  equal  portions ;  antheridia  (occasionally  intermixed  with  a  few  archegonia) 
in  the  axils  of  the  perichaetial  leaves,  usually  naked,  sometimes  with  1  or  2 
small  perigonial  leaves.-1-  (Sulliv.  in  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.,  n.  ser.  4,  p  60,  t.  2.)  — 
Damp  soil,  New  England  to  Ohio.  —  Strikingly  like  Physcomitrella  patens ; 
distinguished  mainly  by  its  feeble  operculation,  and  the  denser  texture  of  the 
outer  wall  of  the  capsule.  (Tab.  18.) 

TRIBE  XXIII.     SPLACHNE^l. 

57.    SPL.ACHNUM,  L.,  Br.  &  Sch.    UMBRELLA-MOSS.    (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  small,  conic,  entire  or  uneven  at  the  base :  opercnlnm  convex  or 
mammillate.  Capsule  erect,  obovate-oblong  or  subcylindrical,  with  a  very  large 
spongy  and  differently  colored  obovate,  globose  or  umbracnliform  apophysfe, 
long-pedicellate.  Peristome  single,  of  16  double  teeth  in  pairs,  reflexed  when 
dry.  Columella  emergent,  capitate.  Inflorescence  mostly  dioecious  :  male 
flower  capituliform,  terminal.  —  Plants  of  a  peculiar  structure,  readily  recog- 
nized by  the  exceedingly  large  apophysis  of  the  capsule ;  perennial,  ca;spitose, 
growing  only  on  the  dung  of  herbivorous  animals ;  stems  innovating  from  below 
the  floral  apex,  dichotomous,  of  a  succulent  soft  texture;  leaves  lanceolate, 
taper-pointed,  thin  and  delicate,  with  large  loose,  oblong,  hexagonal  areolae ; 
costa  slight,  ceasing  below  the  point.  C2ir\dyxvov,  a  name  used  by  Dioscoridea 
for  some  cryptognmous  plant.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  53 

1.  S.  ampullacenm,  L.    Stems  £'-2'  long;  leaves  oblong-  or  obo- 
vate-lanccolate,  acuminate,  entire  or  irregularly  dentate ;  apophysis  "violet-purple, 
obovate,  tapering  into  the  purplish  pedicel,  and  twice  or  thrice  the  width  of  the 
yellow  capsule.  —  New  England  to  Pennsylvania :  rare.     (Tab.  18.)     (Eu.) 

2.  S.  i  lihrum,  L.    Stems  short  (3" -6") ;  leaves  spatulate-obovate,  long- 
pointed,  serrate,  somewhat  complicate  and  undulate  on  the  margins  ;  apophysis 
deep  red,  very  large,  umbrella-shaped,  7-10  times  as  wide  as  the  minute  cap- 
sule ;  pedicels  4'  -  5'  long.  — Maine,  A.  Young.     (Eu.) 

58.    TETRAPLODON,    Br.  &  Sch.        (Tab.    18.) 

Calyptra  small,  conic,  entire,  or  split  on  one  side  and  somewhat  cuculliform. 
Operculum  conical-convex,  obtuse.  Capsule  erect,  small,  oval-oblong,  with  a 
solid  clavate  apophysis  tapering  into  an  exscrted  pedicel.  Peristome  single,  of 
16  double  teeth,  at  first  in  fours,  afterwards  in  pairs,  reflexed  when  dry.  Colu- 
mella  not  emergent.  Inflorescence  monoecious:  male  flower  gemmiform  or 
capitulieform,  axillary  or  terminal.  —  A  genus  scarcely  separable  from  the  last; 
besides  the  above  characters,  the  stems  are  more  compactly  csespitose ;  the  apo- 
phvsis  does  not  increase  in  size  after  the  maturity  of  the  capsule,  and  the  color 
and  consistence  of  the  two  is  uniform  ;  the  cellular  tissue  of  the  leaves  not  so 
lax ;  and  the  habitat  is  on  animal  substances,  or  on  the  dung  of  carnivorous  ani- 
mals.—(Name  from  TtrpairXoos,  fourfold,  and  o8a>i»,  tootlt;  the  teeth  of  the  peri- 
Btome  being  at  first  in  fours.) 

1.  T.  ailgustatus,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  £'-3    long,  radiculose;  leaves 
erect-patent,  remote,  oblong-lanceolate,  produced  into  a  long  flexuous  point,  ob- 
eoletely  or  distinctly  dentate  ;  apophysis  oblong-obconic,  somewhat  wider  than 
the  capsule ;  calyptra  whitish,  conic,  cuculliform,  descending  to  the  top  of  the 
apophysis.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  B.  D.  Greene,  Oakes:  Lake 
Superior,  Lorlng.  —  A  northern  species.     (Eu.) 

2.  T.  australis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  151.)    Re- 
sembling  very  closely  the  last  species ;  leaves  often  with  3-5  large  tooth-like 
lobes  on  each  side,  sometimes  almost  pinnatifid,  rarelv  simply  dentate  or  nearly 
entire ;  apophysis  much  longer  and  more  tapering ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  lesa 
deeply  inserted  within  the  capsule's  mouth,  the  rim  of  which  has  angular-rotund 
(not  transversely  oblong)  cellules;   calyptra  yellowish,  elongated-conic,   (not 
split  on  one  side,)  descending  scarcely  to  the  base  of  the  hemispherical  apiculate 
operoulum.  —  (Splachnum  setaceum,  Hook.  $•  Wtls.  in  Drum.  2d  coll.  No.  27  ; 

—  not  of  Afic/tr.,  whose  plant  was  frcm  Canada,  and  most  probably  belongs  to 
the  preceding  species.)  —  Swamps,  near  the  sea-coast,  New  Jersey  to  Florida. 

—  It  is  doubtful  whether  this  species  belongs  to  the  present,  or  to  the  last 
genus.     (Tab.  18.) 

3.  T.  mnioides,  Br.  &  Sch.     Stems  f'-2'  high;  leaves  erect-patent, 
rattier  close,  elliptic-oblong  or  obovate,  concave,  suddenly  attenuated  into  a  long 
flexuous  point ;  capsule  and  its  clavate  apophysis  of  about  the  same  width,  both 
dark  red.  —  Catskill  Mountains,  New  York,  Olneu.     (Eu.) 


54  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

Div.  II.    Pleurocarpi. 

Fruit  lateral  on  the  stem  or  branches.     (Peristome  mostly  double.) 

TRIBE  XXIV.    FONTINlLE^. 

59.    FONTINALIS,    Dill.        FOUNTAIN-MOSS.     (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  small,  conic,  crenate  or  somewhat  lacerate  at  the  base.  Operculum 
conic.  Capsule  ovate,  oval,  or  cylindrical,  subsessile.  Peristome  double ;  the 
exterior  1 6  linear-lanceolate  teeth  cohering  at  their  apices  in  pairs  ;  the  interior 
16  cilia  connected  by  cross-bars,  forming  a  more  or  less  complete  tessellated  cone. 
Inflorescence  dioecious.  —  Large  Mosses,  floating  in  water,  and  rooting  at  their 
base  only ;  leaves  3-ranked,  ecostate,  with  a  minute  linear  areolation ;  capsule 
immersed  in  the  perichaetial  leaves,  and  terminal  on  short,  lateral,  supra-axillary 
branches.  (Name  fromfontinalis,  a  fountain,  in  allusion  to  its  place  of  growth.) 

1.  F.  ailtipyretica,  L.     Stems  8' -12' long,  very  much  divided,  flex- 
ile ;  leaves  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  complicate-carinate,  the  margin  on  one  side 
reflexed ;  perichajtial  leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  eroded  at  the  apex,  closely  embra- 
cing the  oval  capsule;  inner  peristome  a  complete  tessellated  cone.  —  Mountain 
rivulets,  New  England.  —  Variable  in  size  and  color.     (Tab.  18.)     (Eu.) 

2.  F.  squantosa,  L.  ?     Smaller  than  No.  1 ;  ramification  more  fascicu- 
late; leaves  concave,  not  complicate-carinate.  —  Mountain   streams,  Southern 
States  :  without  fruit.  —  Perhaps  a  different  species.     (Eu.) 

3.  F.  bifurmis,  Sulliv.     Leaves  of  two  forms,  those  appearing  in  the 
spring  large,  broad,  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  flaccid,  disappearing  in  the  sum- 
mer, and  succeeded  by  others  much  smaller,  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  convo- 
lute, and  clothing  new  branches;  both  kinds  denticulate  at  the  apex,  their  basal 
angles  auriculate,  and  composed  of  large  oblong  pellucid  cellules ;  capsule  oval 
or  oblong-cylindrical ;  perichaetial  leaves  as  in  No   1  ;  operculum  more  elongat- 
ed; teeth  of  the  exterior  peristome  with  18-20  articulations;  cilia  of  the  inte- 
rior peristome  connected  at  their  tips  only  by  a  few  cross-baa's,  elsewhere  appen- 
diculate.     (F.  disticha,  var.  Muse.  AU&jhan.,  No.  191,  and  Pilotrichum  sphagni- 
folium,  Mull.  Synop.  2.  p.  150,  are  the  spring  state  of  the  plant;  F.  disticha,  var 
Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  192,  and  Pilotrichum  distichum,  Mull.  I.  c..  are  the  sum- 
mer state.)  — Woodland  rivulets,  near  Columbus,  Ohio :  New  Haven,  Cenn.,  D. 
£.  Eaton.  —  Fruit  rare  :  male  flowers  terminal  on  short  club-shaped  branches 

4.  F.  disticha,  Hook.  &  Wils.  (in  Dram.  S.  Mosses,  No.  151.)    A  stiff, 
elastic  species,  much  more  slender  than  any  of  the  preceding ;  stems  roddish ; 
branches  short  and  widely  spreading ;  leaves  erect-patent  or  rather  appressed, 
linear-lanceolate,  convolute,  attenuated,  dentate  at  the  extreme  point ;  capsule 
cylindrical,  its  length  5  times  its  diameter;  operculum  narrowly  conic,  one  third 
as  long  as  the  capsule ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  more  or  less  cleft  along  the  me- 
dial line  between  the  12-15  articulations  ;  cilia  granulated  and  connected  as  in 
No.  3.  —  Rivulets  near  Mobile,  Alabama. 

5.  F.  L.escurii,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  228.)     Near  the  last, 
but  a  soft,  flaccid,  and  somewhat  larger  species;  leaves  broader,  shorter,  not 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  55 

so  attenuated,  nor  the  areolation  so  linear ;  capsule  cylindrical,  its  length  only 
2£  times  its  diameter,  and  with  a  perichaetial  branch  much  longer ;  teeth  of  the 
peristorae  not  cleft  along  the  centre,  articulations  20  -  25 ;  cilia  not  so  granu- 
lated, more  connected  from  their  apices  downwards  by  cross-bars :  antheridia 
3-5,  large,  projecting  beyond  the  perigonial  leaves,  with  long  paraphyses.  — 
Falls  of  Little  River,  Lookout  Mountains,  Alabama,  Lesquereux.  —  Fruit  rare. 

6.  F.  Da  Iccarlica,  Bryol.  Europ.  Slender  and  much  divided ;  branch- 
es numerous,  elongated,  somewhat  julaceous ;  leaves  narrowly-lanceolate,  con- 
volute ;  pericha?tial  leaves  acute,  the  3  inner  ones  recurved  at  the  apex  and  long- 
er than  the  ovate  capsule ;  operculum  short ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  perforated 
between  the  10-12  articulations;  cilia  as  in  No.  3,  but  not  granulated.  —  (F. 
squamosa,  Drum.  Muse.  Amer.,  No.  233;  Muse.  Alleghan.,  No.  188.)  — White 
Mountains,  Oakes,  James;  Fulton  County,  New  York,  D.  C.  Eaton.  (Eu.) 

6O.     DICHEL.YMA,    Myrin.        BROOK-MOSS.     (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate  or  cuculliform,  entire  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic-ros- 
trate. Capsule  oval  or  oblong,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double  ;  the  exterior  16 
linear  teeth  perforated  along  the  medial  line;  the  interior  16  cilia  longer  than 
the  teeth,  and  more  or  less  connected  by  cross-bars.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  — 
Stems  slender,  floating  in  water,  sparingly  divided  and  branched ;  leaves  3- 
ranked,  much  elongated,  with  a  percurrent  costa,  those  of  the  perichaeth  very 
conspicuous  and  ecostate.  (Name  from  8i%da>,  to  divide,  and  eXu/ia,  a  veil,  in 
allusion  to  the  cleft  or  cuculliform  calyptra.) 

1.  D.  falcatuin,  Myrin.      Leaves  lanceolate-subulate,   complicate-cari- 
nate,  falcate-secund ;  the  inner  perichsetial  leaves  very  much  elongated,  closely 
wrapped  around  the  lower  half  of  the  long  pedicel ;  capsule  oval-oblong ;  inner 
peristome  a  tessellated  truncated  cone;  calyptra  dimidiate,  elongated,  clasping 
the  pedicel.  —  Head-waters  of  the  Saco  River,  White  Mountains,  New  Hamp- 
shire, James :  Brattleborough,  Vermont,  C.  C.  Frost.     (Eu.) 

2.  D.  capillaceuni,  Bryol.  Europ.     Branches  few,  widely  spreading; 
leaves  dark  or  yellowish-green,  subulate  from  a  narrow  lanceolate  base  by  the 
long-excurrent  costa,  secund-falcate,  denticulate  at  the  apex :  those  of  the  peri- 
chaeth convolute,  overtopping  the  oval  capsule  which  emerges  laterally ;  calyp- 
tra dimidiate,  extending  below  the  capsule,  and  spirally  convolute;  cilia  of  the 
inner  peristome  connected  at  their  apices  only.  —  Rivulets,  Pennsylvania  and 
northward.     (Tab.  18.)     (Eu.) 

3.  D.  pallescens,  Bryol.  Europ.     Much  like  No.  2,  but  smaller;  leave* 
pale  green,  shorter,  wider,  more  complicate-carinate,  and  more  falcate,  with  a 
larger  areolation ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  not  connected  by  cross-bars.  -  - 
(D.  capillacea,  Drum.  Muse.  Amer.,  No.  234.) — British  America,  Dnimnwnd. 

4.  D.  SlllnilatUlll,  Myrin.      Stems    elongated,    subpinnate ;    branches 
short,  widely  spreading;  leaves  erect-patent,  lanceolate,  complicate-carinate,  the 
costa  ceasing  at  the  denticulate  apex  :  capsule  ovate-oval,  short-pcdicelled.  con- 
cealed by  the  broad  and  straight  periehaetial  leaves ;  calyptra  cuculliform,  no* 
descending  below  the  convex-rostellate  operculum  ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristoma 
free,  except  at  their  apices.  —  Louisiana,  Drummond. 


56  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

TRIBE  XXV.     CRYPH^EE^E. 

61.    CRYPIIJEA,    Mohr.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  conic-mitriform,  papillose  at  the  apex,  small.  Operculum  conic. 
Capsule  immersed,  ovate-oblong,  short-pedicellate,  annulate.  Peristome  double  ; 
the  exterior  16  lanceolate-subulate  teeth  remotely  articulated,  granulated;  the 
interior  16  subulate  cilia,  the  basilar  membrane  nearly  obsolete.  Inflores- 
cence monoecious:  antheridia  oval,  with  long  pedicels  and  short  paraphyses. 
—  Rather  slender  Mosses,  growing  on  trees,  with  leafless  creeping  stems  and 
ascending  or  pendulous  and  subsimple  densely  leafy  branches,  bearing  in  lines 
or  clusters  numerous  perichaetia  enveloping  the  capsule.  (Name  from  Kpv<pulos, 
hidden,  in  allusion  to  the  concealed  capsule.) 

1.  C.  glomerata,  W.  P.  Sch.     The  ascending  branches  nearly  simple, 
1'long;  leaves  crowded,  when  dry  appressed,  when  moist  recurved-spreading, 
ovate-acuminate,  minutely-serrulate  at  the  apex,  semi-costate,  with  a  minute  oval 
areolation  ;  annulus  broad;  perichaetial  leaves  obovate-oblong,  suddenly  cuspi- 
date. —  (Daltonia  heteromalla,  var.  Hook.  $•  Wils.  in  Drum.  Muse.  2dcoll.  No. 
99.)  —  Southern  States:  common.  —  Larger  than  the  European  C.  heteromalla, 
Brid.,  with  more  crowded  spreading  leaves,  much  shorter  peristome,  and  larger 
epores.     (Tab.  19.) 

2.  C.  nervosa,  Hook  &  Wils.    Has  the  aspect  of  No.  1  ;  leaves  when 
dry  erect,  not  appressed,  with  recurved  margins;  costa  extending  to  the  point; 
calyptra  split  on  one  side  ;  annulus  narrow  ;  perichaetial  leaves  longer-lanceo- 
late and  papillose  on  the  back.  —  Grows  with  the  last. 

3.  C.  imiiidata,  Nees.  (in  Neuvied  Trav.)     Stems  pendulous,  loosely 
pinnately-branched  ;  branchlets  recurved  at  the  apex;  leaves  distant,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  carinate,  the  lower  ones  complicate,  oblique  ;  costa  heavy,  excurrent, 
capsules  oval,  unilateral  on  the  stems,  immersed  in  the  long  ecostate  perichae- 
tial leaves;  cilia  of  the  interior  peristome  red,  persistent,  incurved  at  the  apex, 
as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Floating  in  water,  and  attached  to  the  immersed  branch- 
es of  trees,  Wabash,  Fox,  and  Black  Rivers,  Illinois.  —  Scarcely  a  Cryphaea  : 
very  probably  Dichelyma  subulatum,  or  a  closely  allied  species. 


TRIBE  XXVI. 

62.    L,ElJCODOHr,    Schwaagr.        (Tab.    18.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate,  large,  clasping  the  pedicel.  Operculum  conic-rostrate. 
Capsule  broadly  oval,  its  pedicel  enclosed  by  the  long  sheathing  perichaeth.  Peri- 
stome double;  the  exterior  16  linear-acuminate,  whitish,  granulated  teeth  more 
or  less  perforated  along  the  medial  line  ;  the  interior  (when  present)  a  simple 
annular  membrane  extending  J  the  length  of  the  teeth.  Inflorescence  dioecious. 
—  Species  of  moderate  size,  with  a  filiform  and  leafless  creeping  primary  stem, 
and  numerous  terete  nearly  simple  branches,  densely  clothed  with  ovate-acumi- 
nate ecostate  leaves.  (Name  composed  of  \(VK<JS,  white,  and  oSo>i>,  tooth,  from 
the  color  of  the  outer  peristome.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  57 

1.  L..  jlllaceus,  Sulliv.    Branches  8" -10"  high;  leaves  appressed, when 
dry  recurved,  horizontal  when  moist,  ecostate,  revolute  on  the  margins :  areola- 
tion  minute,  oval-rotund ;  perichsetial  leaves  as  long  as  the  pedicel.  —  Trees, 
Middle  States,  in  districts  not  mountainous.     (Tab.    18.) 

2.  Li.   bl'acliypus,    Brid.      Very  like  the  preceding  ;   branches   more 
elongated  (l^'-2'  long),  recurved;  leaves  longer,  when  dry  secund;  operculum 
longer-rostrate  ;  pedicel  shorter ;  perichaetial  leaves  overtopping  the  capsule.  — 
Alleghany  Mountains. 

63.    L.EPTODON,    Mohr.        (Tab.   18.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate,  large,  hairy.  Operculum  conic-rostellate.  Capsule  ovate- 
oblong,  its  pedicel  concealed  by  the  large  perichasth.  Peristome  double ;  the 
exterior  16  linear  acuminate  whitish  teeth,  more  or  less  fissile  along  the  medial 
line;  the  interior  a  membrane  lining  and  bordering  the  teeth.  Inflorescence 
dioecious.  —  Rather  stiff  Mosses,  with  prostrate  filiform  naked  stems,  and  crowd- 
ed mostly  simple  and  pinnated  branches,  densely  clothed  with  oblong-ovate 
leaves,  having  a  dot-like  areolation.  (Name  composed  of  Xfuros ,  nan-ow,  and 
o8a>«/,  a  tooth.) 

1.  L.  trichoiuitrion,  Mohr.    Main  branches  l£'- 2'  long;  leaves  when 
moist  erect-patent,  ecostate,  reflexed  on  the  margins ;  the  perichaetial  leaves 
long  as  the  pedicel.  —  In  woods ;  forming  elastic  masses  on  the  trunks  of  trees, 
sometimes  on  rocks ;  Northern  and  Middle  States. 

2.  L,.  imiiH  rsiim,    Sulliv.   &  Lesqx.   (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  234.) 
Somewhat  smaller  than  the  preceding ;  leaves  not  so  crowded,  more  suddenly 
acuminate ;    capsule  urceolate-oblong,  its  mouth  larger ;   articulations  of  the 
teeth  of  the  peristome  closer;  perichastial  leaves  concealing  (besides  the  pedicel) 
the  larger  portion  of  the  capsule.  —  Trees,  Southern  States. 

3.  It*  Ohioeiise,  Sulliv.     Much  like  No.  1  ;  but  stems  more  slender  and 
elongated,  less  regularly  pinnate ;  leaves  when  moist  spreading  horizontally,  the 
costa  extending  to  the  middle.  —  Trees,  Central  Ohio.     (Tab.   18.) 

64.    ANTITRICHIA,    Brid.        (Tab.    18.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic.  Capsule  oval,  exannulate,  with  a 
flexuose-arcuate  pedicel.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  lanceolate-subulate 
teeth ;  the  interior  16  subulate  fugacious  cilia.  Spores  large.  Inflorescence 
dioecious. — A  large  Moss  with  distantly  subpinnate  and  flexuous  ascending  or 
pendulous  stems,  and  crowded  broadly  ovate-acuminate  semi-costate  leaves  ;  the 
perichaetial  elongated  and  sheathing.  (Name  from  ami,  opfwsite,  and  rpi^ov 
a  little  hair,  the  cilia  erroneously  supposed  to  be  opposite  the  teeth.) 

1.  A.  curtipendllla,  Brid.  Leaves  ciliate-serrate  at  the  apex,  recurved 
on  the  margins,  plicate  with  4-5  short  costae  at  the  base,  the  central  one  extend- 
ing beyond  the  middle ;  cellules  minute,  those  at  the  basal  angles  oval,  disposed 
in  oblique  lines,  elsewhere  oblong.  —  Summit  of  Black  Mountain,  North  Caro- 
lina, Letquereux.  (Tab.  18.)  (Eu.) 


58  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 


TRIBE  XXVII. 
65.    ANOMODON,    Hook  &  Tayl.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cucullate.  Operculum  conic-rostrate.  Capsule  cylindrical,  erect, 
long-pedicellate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  subulate-lanceolate  teeth  ; 
the  interior  16  cilia  shorter  than  the  teeth,  and  connected  at  base  by  a  narrow 
membrane.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  —  Stems  prostrate,  stoloniferous^  inicro- 
phyllous  :  the  branches  ascending,  simple,  2-3  divided  or  fusciculately  ramu- 
lose,  with  elongated,  costate,  opaque,  granulated  leaves  ;  their  areolation  minute 
and  dot-like.  (Name,  aVo/ioj,  irregular,  and  oSebj/,  tooth,  from  a  supposed  abnor- 
mal construction  of  the  peristome.) 

1.  A.  Viticilldsus,  Hook.  &  Tayl.    Branches  2'-  2|'  high,  often  genicu- 
late  ;  leaves  secund,  larger  as  they  ascend,  linear-lanceolate  from  an  oblong-ovate 
base,  obtuse,  of  a  thick  compact  structure,  minutely  papillose  on  both  surfaces  ; 
costa  pellucid,  ceasing  near  the  apex;   annulus  double,  persistent.  —  Shaded 
rocks,  Niagara  Falls  ;  without  fruit.     (Eu.) 

2.  A.  aim-Hiatus,  Br.  &  Sch.     Very  near  the  preceding,  rather  smaller; 
leaves  linear-oblong  from  a  cordate-ovate  base,  apiculate  ;  cellules  with  longer 
papilla,  those  of  the  basal  margins  sHghtly  ciliate  ;  costa  shorter,  often  forked. 
—  On  old  logs,  Alleghany  Mountains. 

3.  A.  obtUSifolillS,  Br.  &  Sch.     Branches  compressed,  shorter  than  in 
No.  1,  less  divided  ;  leaves  2-ranked,  of  a  more  uniform  width  throughout,  linear- 
oblong,  very  obtuse,  the  costa  shorter  ;  capsule  elliptical  ;  inner  peristome  want- 
ing or  rudimentary;  annulus  large.  —  Trunks  of  trees,  near  watercourses,  in 
low  grounds.     (Tab.  19.) 

4.  A.  atteilliatUS,  Hub.     Branches  l'-2'  long,  fasciculately  ramulose; 
the  ramuli  incurved,  attenuate  ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  obtuse,  sub- 
secund  ;  annulus  none  ;  peristome  well  developed,  the  cilia  nearly  as  long  as  the 
teeth,  and  with  1-2  interposed  ciliolae.  —  On  rocks  and  roots  of  trees,  near 
streams  ;  common.     (Eu.) 

5.  A.  longifdlillS,  Hartm.     Distinguished   from  the  last  by  its  more 
attenuated  branches,  straighter  and  longer  acuminate  leaves,  smaller  capsule, 
shorter  pedicel,  and  much  less  complete  peristome.  —  Habitat  similar  :  said  to 
be  North  American  by  Schimper.     (Eu.) 

6.  A.  !  Toccdae,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.    (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.)     Branches  1'-  2 
long,  rather  stout,  simple  or  sparingly  divided,  when  dry  circinate  ;  leaves  lance- 
olate from  an  oblong  base,  reflexed  on  the  lower  margins,  concave  below,  con- 
cave-carinate  above,  very  strongly  and  irregularly  serrate  at  the  point  ;  cellule« 
very  minute,  quadrate-rotund,  protuberant  (not  papillose),  arranged  in  lines; 
costa  nearly  percurrent  and  flexuous  at  its  upper  end.  —  Toccoa  Falls,  Georgia, 
Lesguereux:  with  perichaetia  only.  —  In  the  Herbarium  of  the  late  Dr.  Taylor 
are  specimens  marked  "Neckera  Nepalensis,  T.   T.  mss.,  Nepal,"  apparently 
the  same  as  those  from  Toccoa  Falls,  with  imperfect  fruit  like  that  of  No.  4. 

7.  A.  I  trtstis,  Cesati.    Much  smaller  than  any  of  the  foregoing  ;  branches 
filiform,  rigid,  sparingly  divided;  leaves  brittle,  usually  broken,  when  moist 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  59 

Bquarrose,  somewhat  1/gutate-acuminate  from  a  broad  subcrect  amplexicaul  base, 
crenulate  on  the  margins  by  the  large  protuberent  cellules  ;  costa  indistinct,  sel- 
dom extending  half-way.  —  Leskea  fragilis,  Hook.  $•  Wils.  in  Drum.  Mosses,  2d 
coll.  No.  101.  —  Hypnum  triste,  Mull.  Synop.  Muse.  2.  p.  478.)  —  Very  common 
throughout  the  United  States  ;  on  trees,  particularly  the  Hornbeam,  fruit  un- 
known. (Eu.) 

66.     L.  E  §  K  E  A  ,    Hedw. ;  Bryol.  Europ.         (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cucnlliform.  Operculum  conic,  acuminate  or  rostrate.  Capsule 
oval  or  cylindrical,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  lii  lanceolate- 
subulate  teeth;  the  interior  16  narrow  cilia,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  arising  from  a 
carinate  membrane.  Annulus  persistent.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious. 
Stems  prostrate,  irregularly  or  subpinnately  branched ;  leaves  or  the  stem  and 
branches  uniform,  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  mostly  costate, 
smooth  or  papillose,  with  close  subrotund  or  oval  areolation.  (Named  for  N.  G 
Leske,  an  early  German  botanist.) 

1.  Li.  poly CJirpa,  Hedw.  Monoecious  ;  stem  2'  long  or  more,  irregularly 
branched ;  branches  ascending,  £'  - 1 '  high  ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  patent  or 
secund,  recurved  on  the  margins  below,  strongly  costate  to  near  the  apex ;  cap- 
sale  cylindrical,  slightly  curved;  operculum  conic,  acute;  perichaetial  leaves 
striate.  —  Roots  of  trees,  in  wet  places.  (Eu.) 

2  L<.  ofosciira,  Hedw.  Monoecious ;  smaller  than  No.  1 ;  ramification 
the  same ;  leaves  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  rather  obtuse,  opaque,  the  margins  be- 
low recurved  ;  costa  reaching  to  the  apex  ;  capsule  erect,  oblong-elliptical ;  oper- 
culum short,  conic ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  perforated.  —  On  trees,  within 
reach  of  floods  :  fruits  copiously.  (Tab.  19.) 

3.  L.  microcarpa,  W.  P.  Sch.  in  litt.    Monoecious ;  stems  subpinnate- 
ly branched  ;  leaves  ovate  or  oval,  concave,  long  and  slenderly  acuminate,  spread- 
ing, rather  lax ;  costa  reaching  nearly  to  the  point ;  capsule  oval-oblong.  —  (L. 
nervosa,  Muse.  Alleghan ,  No.  69.)     On  roots  of  trees,  in  wet  woods,  near  Mont- 
gomery, Alabama.  —  Very  near  the  European  L.  nervosa,  but  a  more  flaccid 
plant,  its  leaves  more  spreading,  not  so  recurved  on  the  margins,  nor  so  attenu- 
ated at  the  point.;  the  costa  extending  higher  up ;  capsule  not  cylindrical ;  peri- 
stome smaller  and  lighter-colored,  the  interior  more  imperfect ;   and  mainly 
the  inflorescence  different. 

4.  L.  rostrata,  Hedw.     Dioecious ;  branches  erect,  crowded,  fasciculate, 
terete ;  leaves  closely  imbricating,  ovate-lanceolate,  long  and  slenderly  acumi- 
nate, papillose  on  both  surfaces,  the  margins  broadly  recurved  below  ;  costa  pel- 
lucid, vanishing  below  the  apex ;  capsule  oval-oblong ;  operculum  rostrate.  — 
Woods,  in  dense  and  extensive  mats,  on  the  base  of  trees  :  frequent.     (Eu.) 

5.  Li.  1  dcnticulata,  Sulliv.    Dioecious;  branches  ascending,  crowded, 
somewhat  compressed;   leaves  closely  imbricating,  slightly  secund,  concave, 
ovate,  suddenly  and  rather  long  acuminate,  denticulate,  ecostate ;   areolation 
oval;  capsule  oblong;  operculura  obliquely  rostrate.     (Muse.  Alleghan.,  No 
62. )  —  Base  of  trees ;  not  uncommon  in  the  Western  States  :  fruit  very  rare, 
found  only  in  Southern  Alleghany  specimens. — A  small  species. 


60  MCSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

67.    CLASUIATODON,    Hook.  &  Wils.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic-rostellate.  Capsule  oval,  erect,  pedi- 
cellate. Peristome  single  :  teeth  16,  short,  1  -2-divided  into  irregular  segments, 
remotely  articulated.  Annulus  large,  imperfect,  somewhat  persistent.  Spores 
large.  Inflorescence  monoecious.  —  Very  small  species,  with  creeping,  entan- 
gled, irregularly  branched  stems,  and  broadly  ovate-acuminate  semi-costate 
leaves,  of  an  oval-elliptical  areolation.  —  (Name  from  KXacrjua,  a  fragment,  and 
ofiwi',  tooth,  descriptive  of  the  peristome.) 

1.  C.  gmrviilus  (Hampe,)  Hook.  &  Wils.  Leaves  concave,  patent, 
reflexed  on  the  margins  below,  acute  or  obtuse  ;  areolation  of  the  basal  angles 
quadrate  ;  mouth  of  the  capsule  small  ;  operculum  variable  in  the  length  of  the 
rostrum.  —  (Pterigonium  marginatum,  Schweinitz  (not  Michaux).  Leskea  par- 
vula,  Hampe.  L.  Sullivantii,  Bryol.  Europ.?  Anisodon  tenuirostris,  Bryol. 
Europ.  Clasmatodon  pusillus,  Hook.fr  Wils.)  —  On  the  bark  of  trees,  in  dry 
places,  or  on  their  roots  in  localities  subject  to  inundations  :  very  common  in  the 
Southern  States.  —  A  variable  species.  (Tab.  19.) 


TRIBE  XXVIII. 

6§.     THE  LI  A,    Sulliv. 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  narrow.  Operculum  conic,  rostrate.  Capsule  ovate- 
cylindrical,  erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  long,  linear- 
subulate,  white,  granulated,  distantly  ai'ticulated  teeth  ;  the  interior  a  carinate 
membrane  extending  to  J  the  length  of  the  teeth,  with  or  without  rudimentary 
cilia.  —  Growing  in  compact  glaucous-  or  yellowish-green  mats  ;  stems  villous, 
with  a  radicular  tomentum,  creeping,  throwing  up  densely  crowded  short  and 
terete  branches,  clothed  with  deeply  concave  closely  imbricating  deltoid-ovate 
slenderly  pointed  leaves,  composed  of  pellucid  elliptical  and  conspicuously  uni- 
papillate  cellules.  (Name  from  dr/\r),  a  papilla,  referring  to  the  prominent  pa- 
pilla of  the  leaf.) 

1.  T.  hirtella,  (Hcdw.)  Sulliv.  —  Leaves  inclining  to  a  dark  yellowish- 
green,  obsoletely  semi-costate,  ciliate-dentate  on  the  margins,  strongly  papillose 
on  the  back,  the  papillae  elongated,  curved,  simple  ;  perichsetial  leaves  fringed. 
(Pterigynandrum  hirtellum,  Hedtv.)  —  Eoots  and  trunks   of  trees   in  woods; 
common. 

2.  T.  asprella.  (Schimp.)  Sulliv.  —  Growing  with  No.  1,  formerly  con- 
founded with  it  ;  distinguished  by  the  glaucous-green  color  of  its  leaves,  their 
papillce  2-lobed  at  the  apex  ;  and  by  the  narrower,  longer,  and  nodose  teeth  of 
the  peristome,  and  smaller  sporales.  —  (Leskea  asprella,  W.  P.  Sch.)  —  Northern 
and  Middle  States,  and  westward. 

3.  T.  Lescurii.  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  249.)    Near  the  last 
species  ;  ramification  more  fasciculate,  not  so  condensed  ;  the  branches  longer  ; 
leaves  glaucous-green,  with  a  bluish  tinge,  shorter,  broader,  not  so  acuminate, 
the  areolation  much  smaller,  not  so  pellucid,  the  papilla?  3-lobed  at  the  apex  ; 
pedicel  twice  as  long  ;  capsule  longer,  often  slightly  curved,  the  mouth  with  a 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  61 

broad  reddish  rim  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  not  nodose  ;  inner  peristome  better 
developed,  the  short  carinate  cilia  quite  evident  ;  perichaetial  leaves  yellowish. 
—  Dry,  sandy  and  hilly  ground,  in  thin  woods,  never  on  trees.  —  Southern 
States,  Lesquereux. 

69.     MYURfeLLA,    Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  narrow.  Operculum  convex-conic,  obtuse,  large.  Cap- 
sule oval  or  obovate-oval,  with  a  short  and  tumid  erect  collum,  pedicellate,  an- 
nulate. Peristome  large,  constructed  as  in  Hypnum  ;  the  ciliolae,  however,  very 
short,  often  absent.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  —  Small,  subalpine,  glaucous  green, 
densely  tufted  species  ;  with  erect,  sparingly  divided,  julaceous,  stolonifcrous 
stems  ;  and  closely  imbricating,  subrotund,  ecostate,  more  or  less  papillose  leaves, 
composed  of  pellucid  rhombic  cellules. 

1.  M.  Careyana,  Sulliv.  Stems  slender,  branched  by  innovations, 
leaves  very  concave,  with  a  short  filiform  point,  strongly  papillose  on  the  back, 
and  ciliate-dentate  on  the  margins  ;  perichaetia  orange-red,  leaves  smooth,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  filiformly  acuminate,  the  margins  at  the  upper  end  of  the  lami- 
na fringed.  —  High  mountain-tops,  New  England,  J.  Carey:  Pennsylvania,  Les- 
quereux: North  Carolina  (Negro  Mountain),  Gray  $•  Sullivant.  —  The  two  othei 
species  of  this  genus,  M.  julacea  and  M.  apiculata,  were  collected  in  British 
America  by  Drummond.  (Tab.  19.) 


TRIBE  XXIX. 
7O.    FABRONIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.   18.) 

Calvptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  acuminate.  Capsule  pyriform,  erect, 
pedicellate  ;  its  mouth  wide,  Peristome  single  (in  No.  4  absent)  ;  the  exterior  16 
linear-lanceolate  teeth  approximated  in  pairs,  when  dry  rcflexed.  Inflorescence 
monoecious.  —  Minute  species,  uniform  in  habit  and  size,  with  prostrate  stems, 
and  erect  crowded  subfasciculate  branches  ;  leaves  shining,  ovate-lanceolate, 
filiformly  acuminate,  dentate  or  ciliate,  semi-costate  ;  the  areolation  lax,  pellu- 
cid, the  cellules  at  the  basal  angles  quadrate,  elsewhere  larger  and  rhomboidal, 
with  conspicuous  primordial  utricles  :  reticulation  of  the  capsule-wall  quadrate, 
flexuous.  (Named  after  Fabroni,  an  Italian  botanist.) 

1.  F.  Wriffhfii,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  251.)    Capsule  oblong- 
pyriform  ;  operculum  conic-rostellate  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  light  golden-yel- 
low ;  the  vaginula  concealed  by  the  gradually  acuminated  perichoetial  leaves.  — 
San  Marcos,  Texas,  Wriyht.  —  Near  the  European  F.  octoblepharis  ;  but  that 
species  has  a  mamellate  operculum,  dark  brownish-red  peristomial  teeth,  leaves 
with  more  numerous  quadrate  alar  cellules,  and  an  emergent  vaginula. 

2.  F.  Ravenelii,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  252.)    Leaves  of  a 
clear  deep-green  color,  closely  imbricating,  entire  on  the  margins,  or  occasionally 
with  a  few  teeth  ;   costa  distinct,  «xtcnding  beyond  the  middle  ;   perichaetial 
leaves  numerous,  dentate,  gradually  acuminate  ;  vaginula  as  in  No.  1  ;  teeth  of 
the  peristome  rather  short,  dusky  yellow;  gporulcs  Urge.  —  On  dry  rocks,  South 
Carolina,  Ravenel.     (Tab.   18.) 


62  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

3.  F.  Caroliniana,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  253.) 
Capsule,  operculura,  peristome,  and  perichaetium  nearly  as  in  the  last  species  ; 
leaves  yellowish-green,  dentate  on  the  margin,  with  a  less  conspicuous  costa  ; 
sporulcs  smaller.  —  On  decayed  logs,  near  the  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina, 
Ravenel. 

4  F.  try  iiiuostomn,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  254.) 
Leaves  whitish-green,  elliptical-lanceolate,  dentate-ciliate  ;  costa  reaching  half- 
way or  obsolete  ;  perichaetial  leaves  few,  short,  obovate,  suddenly  subulate-acu- 
minate ;  capsule  broad-oval,  shortly  apophysated  ;  peristome  none.  —  Santa  Fe, 
New  Mexico,  Fendler. 

71.    AN  ACAMPTODON,    Brid.        (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  conic-cuculliform.  Operculum  conic-subrostellate.  Capsule  oval, 
erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  narrowly  lanceolate  teeth 
smooth  on  both  surfaces,  approximated  in  pairs,  when  dry  reflexed  (hence  the 
name)  ;  the  interior  16  slender  cilia,  without  a  basilar  membrane.  Inflorescence 
monoecious.  —  Low,  caespitose,  with  irregularly  branched  stems,  and  spreading 
ovate-lanceolate  semi-costate  leaves,  of  a  rather  loose  and  pellucid  rhombic  areo- 
hit  ion.  (Name  from  dt>aKdp,7rra>,  to  bend  back,  and  o8a>i»,  a  tooth.) 

1.  A.  splachiioides,  Brid.  Cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  always  erect, 
capsule  when  dry  much  constricted  below  the  mouth  ;  foliage  deep  green.  —  In 
the  forks  and  open  hollow  knots  of  partly  decayed  trees  :  rare,  though  its  range 
is  extensive.  (Tab.  18.)  (Eu.) 


TRIBE  XXX. 

72.     PYLAIS^EA,    Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  18.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  rostrate.  Operculum  conic,  more  or  less  rostellate. 
Capsule  oblong,  erect,  pedicellate.  Annulus  narrow,  simple.  Peristome  double  : 
the  exterior  16  linear-lanceolate  teeth  inserted  below  the  mouth  of  the  capsule; 
the  interior  as  in  Leskea,  but  with  the  cilia  more  or  less  ruptured  along  their  keel, 
or  a  membrane  adherent  to  and  bordering  the  teeth  ;  ciliolse  rudimentary  or 
none.  Inflorescence  monoecious  :  male  flower  gemmiform,  axillary.  —  Small 
species,  fruiting  abundantly,  with  glossy,  concave,  elongated,  closely  linear- 
areolated  and  ecostate  leaves  ,  their  alar  cellules  numerous,  small,  quadrate,  and 
opaque.  (Named  for  B.  de  la  Pylaie,  a  French  botanist.) 

1.  P.  denticulata,  W.  P.  Sch.    Grows  in   closely  entangled  mats; 
branches  crowded,  short,  ascending  ;  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  slightly  den- 
ticulate at  the  apex  ;  capsule  oblong-cylindrical  ;  pedicels  3"  -  5"  high  ;  opercu- 
lum  with  a  rostrum  about  as  long  as  the  conic  base  ;  inner  peristome  firm,  yel- 
low, much  as  in  Leskea,  the  cilia  or  processes  often  split  along  the  keel,  the 
basilar  membrane  broad  ;  sporules  bright  yellow,  smooth,  about  500  of  a  line  in 
diameter.  —  Bark  of  trees,  Columbus,  Ohio  ;  very  rare. 

2.  P.  intricata,  Bryol.  Europ.    Size  and  mode  of  growth  much  as  in 
the  last  ;  branches  short,  recurved  ;  kaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  nearly 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  63 

entire,  more  or  less  sccnnd ;  capsule  oval  or  ovate-oblong,  its  mouth  small ; 
pedicels  5" -7'' high;  operculura  conic,  scarcely  rostellate;  inner  pcristome  a 
granulated  grayish  membrane,  adherent  to  and  bordering  the  lower  half  of  each 
tooth,  free  above,  and  split  into  two  linear-lanceolate  divergent  segments,  as  in 
Bartramia ;  sporules  light  greenish-yellow,  their  diameter  one  half  greater  than 
in  No.  1.  —  (Pterigynandrum  intricatum,  Hedw.) —  Trees  and  logs;  common. 
(Tab.  18.) 

3.  P.  vellltina,  W.  P.  Sch.  Exceedingly  like  and  formerly  confounded 
with  No.  2 ;  leaves  with  fewer  quadrate  alar  cells ;  capsule  cylindrical,  its  mouth 
larger;  opiTculum  decidedly  rostellate;  teeth  of  the  peristome  more  closely  ar- 
ticulated, narrowly  bordered  their  whole  length  by  the  adherent  inner  peristome ; 
sporules  dark  yellowish-green,  granulated,  with  a  diameter  twice  as  great  as  in 
the  first  species.  —  Bark  of  trees,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

(P.  POLvAifTHA,  a  common  European  species,  and  found  in  British  America 
by  Drummond,  has  the  peristome  of  No.  1,  with  the  capsule  and  short-conic 
operculum  of  No.  2.) 

73.    IIOM  A L, O TH E C IU M,  Bryol.  Europ.  (partly.)     (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform,  hairy.  Operculum  conic,  subrostellate.  Capsule  ovate- 
cylindrical,  regular  and  erect,  or  oblique  and  incurved,  pedicellate,  annulate. 
Peristome  double;  the  exterior  16  linear-lanceolate  teeth,  with  close  articula- 
tions conspicuous  on  the  margins ;  the  interior  1 6  short  cilia  from  a  plicate  base ; 
or  a  membrane  lining  the  teeth.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious.  —  Stems 
prostrate,  closely  and  pinnately  branched ;  leaves  shining,  costate,  serrulate, 
with  an  oblong-rhomboidal  areolation.  —  (Name  from  6/iaXo'r,  equal,  and  0r)Kr), 
a  capsule;  applicable  to  the  type  of  the  genus,  Leskea  sericea,  Hedw.) 

1.  II.  SUbcapillatum,  Bryol.  Europ.  Monoecious;  leaves  elliptical 
or  obovate-elliptical,  suddenly  acuminated,  not  striate,  serrulate  ;  costa  single  or 
forked,  extending  half-way ;  pedicel  rough  ;  capsule  inclined,  slightly  incurved  ; 
teeth  of  the  peristome  dark-red,  with  a  broad  pellucid  central  stripe  marked  by 
a  delicate  zigzag  medial  line ;  inner  peristome  a  membrane  lining  the  teeth.  — 
(Pterigonium  ascendens,  Schwcegr.  Suppl.  t.  243.  Pt.  decumbens,  Schwcegr.  I.  c. 
t.  110.  Pterigynandrum  brachycladon,  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  2.  p.  185.)  — A  small 
species  resembling  Pylaisaja  intricata,  and  growing  with  it  on  trees :  common. 
(Tab.  V.) 

74.     P 1,  AT  10VKIURI,  Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  elongated,  slightly  spiral.  Operculum  conic,  short-ros- 
trate. Capsule  oval-oblong,  erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double ;  the  exterior 
16  linear-lanceolate  broadly  margined  teeth  ;  the  interior  16  filiform  cilia,  the 
basilar  membrane  obsolete.  Annulus  very  large.  Inflorescence  dioecious. — 
Rather  small  species,  with  prostrate  closely  entangled  subpinnate  stems ;  and 
oblong- lanceolate  ecostate  leaves,  with  a  linear  areolation.  —  (Name  composed 

y,  large,  and  yvpos,  ring,  referring  to  the  annul  us.) 

P.   re  pens,  Bryol.  Europ.    Branches  short,  rather  julaceous,  ascend- 
G.  M.  5 


64  MUSCI.       (MOSSES.) 

ing;  pedicels  5'  -6"  high;  leaves  reflexed  on  the  margins.  —  (Neckera  brachy- 
clada,  Mull.  Synop.  2.  p.  88.) — Old  fences,  logs,  £c.,  forming  dense  brownish- 
yellow  patches.  Fruits  abundantly.  (Tab.  19.)  (Eu.) 

TRIBE  XXXI.     CYLINDROTHECIE^E. 

75.     CYL.INDROTHECIUM,    Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate,  narrow,  elongated.  Operculum  conic-rostellate.  Capsule 
cylindrical,  erect,  pedicellate,  annulate.  Peristome  double ;  the  exterior  16  lin- 
ear distantly  articulated  teeth ;  the  interior  1 6  narrow  carinate  cilia,  connected  at 
the  base  by  a  very  narrow  membrane.  Columclla  usually  exserted.  Inflores- 
cence monoecious.  —  A  very  natural  genus,  with  prostrate  and  usually  compressed 
stems,  and  closely  imbricating  ecostate  polished  leaves,  with  a  minute  linear  trans- 
parent areolation.  (Name  from  KvXivftpos,  a  cylinder,  and  BTJKT),  a  little  case, 
referring  to  the  shape  of  the  capsule.) 

*  Pedicels  reddish. 

1.  C.  Cladorrhizans,  Bryol.   Europ.     Stems   2' -3'  long;    sparingly 
end  subpinnatcly  branched ;  leaves  oblong-ovate,  acute,  slightly  serrulate  at  the 
apex,  concave,  indistinctly  bicostate  at  the  base ;  operculum  conic,  with  a  thick 
obtuse  rostrum.  —  Woods,  on  old  bogs,  in  large  mats.    Conspicuous  by  the  broad 
flat  branches,  and  greenish-yellow  foliage,  dashed  with  bright  brown ;  very  com- 
mon.    (Tab.  19.)     (Eu.) 

2.  C.  SCductrix,  Bryol.  Europ.     Separated  from  No.  1  by  its  less  com- 
pressed, almost  cylindrical  stems  and  branches.     (Fruits  much  more  abundantly, 
and  affects  humid  situations.)  —  Margins  of  swamps,  on  old  logs  and  roots  of 
trees.  —  Its  numerous  dark-red  pedicels  give  it  a  striking  character. 

3.  C.  COHlpresSlini,  Bryol.  Europ.    Near  No.  1,  but  distinguished  by 
its  smaller  size ;  more  compressed  branches ;  the  leaves  loosely  imbricating,  more 
concave,  with  an  obtuse  entire  apex,  and  a  more  lax  areolation ;  shorter  ovate- 
oval  capsule ;  and  substriate  perichaetial  leaves.  —  (Lcskea  comprcssa,  Hedw.)  — 
Trunks  of  trees,  on  river-banks,  subject  to  inundation,  Central  Ohio  :  rare. 

4.  C.  Sllllivailtii,  (C.  Mull.)  Bryol.  Europ.    A  more  slender  species  than 
any  of  the  preceding ;  stems  and  branches  elongated,  narrow,  and  quite  flat ; 
leaves  laxly  imbricating,  oblong-ovate,   short-pointed  ;    aimulus  conspicuous ; 
operculum  with  a  slender  acute  rostrum.  —  (Neckera  Snllivantii,  Mull.  Synop.  2. 
p.  65,  1850.     C.  gracilescens,  W.  P.  Sctiimper,  Bryol.  Europ.  fasc.  46,  47,  1851.) 
—  On  stones,  near  the  surface  of  the  ground;  banks  of  the  French  Broad  River, 
North  Carolina. 

*  *  Pedicels  yellowish. 

5.  C.  I>m  in  IEIO lid ii.  W.  P.  Sch.    About  the  size  of  No.  1,  which  it 
much  resembles  ;  but  its  stems  and  branches  are  more  complanate ;  leaves  not 
so  closely  imbricating  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  perforated  along  the  medial  line, 
more  distantly  articulated  ;  sporules  half  the  size  ;  annulus  nearly  obsolete.  — 
(N.  Cladorrhizans,  Hook.  $•  Wils.  in  Drum.  2d  coll.  No.  96      C.  Rugelianum, 
W.  P.  Sch.?)  —  North  Carolina,  Ravenel:  Texas,  Wright. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  65 

6.  C.  brevisetlim,  Bryol.  Europ.  Ramification  subfasciculate ;  branches 
nearly  terete,  acuminate  ;  leaves  crowded,  ovate  and  oblong-ovate,  the  point  ex- 
tended and  subserrulate,  the  margins  slightly  reflexed ;  annulus  large ;  inner 
peristome  abortive,  or  a  membrane  lining  the  teeth.  —  Dry  places,  on  trees,  &e.. 
Western  and  Southern  States  ;  not  common.  Fruits  sparingly. 

TRIBE  XXXII.    NECKEREJE. 

76.     W  E  C  K E  R  A ,    Hedw. ;  Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  rostellate.  Capsule  oval,  erect, 
pedicellate,  immersed  or  exserted.  Peristome  double ;  the  exterior  16  long  lin- 
ear-acuminate teeth ;  the  interior  16  subulate  cilia,  more  or  less  developed,  the 
basilar  membrane  very  narrow.  Inflorescence  monoecious  or  dioecious.  —  Eather 
large  species,  conspicuous  for  their  flat  broad  stems,  and  shining,  complanate, 
ovate-lanceolate,  scarcely  costate,  and  mostly  transversely  undulate  leaves,  of  a 
thin,  smooth  texture,  and  a  minute  elongated-rhomboidal  areolation.  (Named 
forN.  J.Neckv.) 

1.  M.  pcmiata,  Hcdw.    Monoscious;  branchlets  obtuse;  leaves  acumi- 
nate ;  capsule  immersed  in  the  long  perichaetial  leaves  ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peri- 
stome obsolete  or  rudimentary.  —  Trunks  of  trees ;  common  in  mountainous 
districts,     (Tab.  19.)     (Eu.) 

2.  N.  COIUpIaiiata,  Bryol.  Europ.     Dioecious ;  branches  often  attenu- 
ated, flagelliform ;  leaves  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate,  not  undulate  ;  capsule 
long-pedicelled,  exserted ;  peristome  with  cilia  half  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  (Les- 
kea  complanata,  Hedw.)  — On  rocks,  New  England,  Alleghany  Mountains,  and 
Tennessee.     (Eu.) 

7T.     O  MA  LI  A,    (Brid.)  Bryol.  Europ.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  cuculliform.  Operculum  conic,  rostellate.  Capsule  oblong,  erect, 
or  slightly  cernuous,  pedicellate.  Peristome  as  in  Hypnum.  Inflorescence 
monoecious.  —  Ramification  irregular;  stems  and  branches  flat,  interruptedly 
leafy  ;  leaves  complanate,  ovate-oblong,  semi-costate,  obtuse,  apiculate,  shining, 
with  a  minute  rhombic  areolation.  (Name  from  opiXot ,  flat,  referring  to  the 
stems  and  branches.)  (Tab.  19.) 

1.  O.  tricliomanoides,   (Brid.)  Bryol.  Europ.    Main  branches  ascend- 
ing, arcuate-incurved,  irregularly  ramulose ;  leaves  often  somewhat  falciform, 
lax,  pale-green,  serrulate  above ;  capsule  oval-oblong  ;  ciliolse  of  the  inner  peri- 
storae  rudimentary  or  absent.  —  On  rocks,  about  Lake  Superior,  but  rare,  Drum- 
mond.     (Ea.) 

2.  O.  Jamesiana,  W.  P.  Sch.  mss.    Found  by  Mr.  Thomas  P.  James 
on  the  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  and  on  the  Catskill  Mountains,  New 
York.  — (Hypnum  trichomanoides,  James,  Ennm.)  —  We  have  seen  no  descrip- 
tion of  this  species,  and  our  specimens  are  too  imperfect  (being  without  fruit)  to 
exhibit  the  distinctive  characters. 

3.  O.  ?  Wriglltii,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.    No.  269.)     Stems  pros- 


66  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

trate,  rooting  copiously  from  the  under  side  ;  leaves  dark-green,  somewhat  close, 
serrulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  extending  more  than  half-way ;  capsule  cylindri- 
cal ;  ciliolse  of  the  inner  peristome  long ;  opercnlum  conic,  shortly  rostrate.  — 
On  the  roots  of  trees,  San  Antonio,  Texas,  Wright :  also  Santa  Fe,  New  Mex- 
ico, Fendler.  (Tab.  19.) 

TRIBE  XXXIII.    HOOKERIEJE. 

78.    1IOOKEKIA,    Smith.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  conic-mitrifonn,  shortly  lobed  at  the  base.  Operculum  conic-rostrate. 
Capsule  oval,  horizontal,  pedicellate.  Peristome  double  ;  the  exterior  16  linear- 
lanceolate  and  closely  articulated  teeth;  the  interior  16  carinate  lanceolate-subu- 
late cilia,  arising  from  a  broad  plicate  membrane.  Inflorescence  monoecious.  — 
Large  and  handsome  species,  with  an  irregular  sparse  ramification,  broad  and 
flat  stems  and  branches,  and  complanate  shining  membranaceous  leaves,  of  a 
very  loose  areolation,  formed  by  large  oval-hexagonal  hyaline  cellules. —  (Named 
after  Sir  Wm.  J.  Hooker.)  —  {Tab.  V.  contains  a  figure  of  the  type  of  the  genus, 
Hookeria  lucens,  with  ecostate  and  obtuse  leaves,  which  has  not  been  detected 
OE  this  continent,  except  in  Oregon.) 

1.  H.  acutifolia,  Hook.?  Grows  on  the  ground,  beneath  dripping 
rocks,  Southern  Ohio,  and  Alleghany  Mountains,  in  Pennsylvania  and  North 
Carolina.  —  Our  specimens,  as  far  as  we  are  able  to  determine,  (being  without 
fruit,)  agree  well  with  H.  acutifolia,  Hook.,  an  East-Indian  species,  which  appears 
to  differ  from  H.  lucens,  Smith,  only  in  its  acute  leaves. 

TRIBE  XXXIV.     CLIMACIE^! 

79.    CL-HttACIUUI,    Web.  &  Mohr.        {Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate,  somewhat  twisted,  long,  embracing  the  top  of  the  pedicel. 
Operculum  conic-rostellate.  Capsule  oval-oblong  or  cylindrical,  erect,  long-ped- 
icelled.  Peristome  double ;  the  exterior  16  linear-lanceolate,  closely  articulated 
teeth;  the  interior  16  linear-lanceolate,  carinate,  lacunose  cilia,  connected  at  the 
base  by  a  very  narrow  membrane.  Colnmella  emergent.  Inflorescence  dioe- 
cious.—  Large  and  striking  Mosses,  of  a  tree-like  aspect. —  (Name  from  *cXi^o- 
KIOV,  a  little  ladder,  from  the  appearance  of  the  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome.) 

1.  C.  Amcricunillll,  Brid.  Main  stems  rhizoma-like,  subterraneous; 
primary  branches  erect  (2^'- 3'  high),  below  simple,  furnished  with  small  and 
appressed  scale-like  leaves,  above  fasciculately  branched ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
auriculate  at  the  base,  concave,  plicate,  costate  nearly  to  the  apex,  serrate  above, 
with  a  minute  elliptical  areolation ;  capsule  cylindrical.  —  On  the  ground,  or  on 
very  much  decayed  logs,  in  moist  shady  woods.  (Tab.  19.)  (Eu.) 

C.  DENDRoloES,  Web.  &  Mohr.,  (common  in  Europe,)  with  a  shorter  and 
oval-oblong  capsule,  obtuse  branchlets,  and  leaves  not  dilated  at  the  base,  occur* 
In  British  America,  Drummond;  and  probably  on  the  White  Mountains,  New 
Hampshire,  Oaken. 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  67 

TRIBE  XXXV.    HYPNE.E. 
80.    H^PNUM,    Dill.        (Tab.  19.) 

Calyptra  dimidiate,  small,  fugacious.  Operculum  between  hemispherical- 
fcMcalate  ai  d  conic-rostrate.  ^Capsule  ovate  or  cylindrical,  more  or  less  une- 
qual, usually  arcuate-cernuous.  Peristome  double ;  the  exterior  16  linear-lan- 
ceolate articulate  teeth,  marked  on  the  back  by  a  medial  line,  and  cristate  on 
the  inner  face  by  projecting  cross-bars ;  the  interior  1 6  carinate  processes  or 
cilia,  arising  from  a  plicate  membrane,  with  1-3  ciliolaj  between  each  pair. 
Inflorescence  monoecious,  dio2cious,  or  polygamous.  —  A  genus,  as  generally 
received,  embracing  a  very  large  number  of  species,  which,  presenting  in  habit 
and  structure  great  diversity,  may  for  the  most  part  be  combined  into  natural 
groups,  many  of  them  seemingly  of  generic  value.  (Vvvov,  an  ancient  Greek 
name  for  some  sort  of  Moss.) 

{  1.  THUfDIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  pmfusdg  villous,  prostrate  or  ascend- 
ing, 1  -  3-pinnate ;  brancUets  mostly  short,  slender,  crowded :  stem-leaves  broadly 
ovate,  long-acuminate;  tJtose  of  the  branchlets  much  smaller,  ovate,  and  ovate-lance- 
olate ;  all  papillose;  areolation  dot-like,  granulated,  opaque;  costa  subcontinuous, 
translucent:  capsule  oblong-oval,  or  cylindrical,  more  or  less  cernuous:  operculum, 
hemispherical-apiculate  or  conic-rostrate, 

1.  H.  tamariscinum,  Hedw.    Dioecious;  stems  prostrate ;  ramification 
closely  3-pinnate  ;  stem-leaves  with  reflexed  and  crenulate-denticulate  margins ; 
branch-leaves  ovate-lanceolate ;  perichaetial  leaves  fringed  on  the  margin ;  oper- 
culum  conic-rostrate,  — On  the  ground  and  old  logs.  —  A  large  and  very  com- 
mon species.     (Eu.) 

2.  H.  delicatuluin,   L.      Dioecious;   very  much  like  the  preceding, 
bat  its  ramification  only  2-pinnate  ;  operculum  conic,  acuminate,  not  rostrate  ; 
perichaetial  leaves  not  fringed.  —  On  the  ground,  in  dry  places,  —  Mountains  of 
Pennsylvania:  rare.     (Eu  ) 

3.  II.  iniiiiitiiluiii,  Hedw,  -Monoecious;  smaller  than  the  preceding, 
with  a  simply  pinnate  ramification ;  capsule  horizontal,  oval,  nearly  regular ; 
operculura  large,  convex-conic,  with  a  long  slender  beak. — On  decayed  logs,  in 
woods  ;  not  rare.     (Eu,) 

4.  H.  pygut&um,  Bryol,  Europ.    (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  275.)    Much 
smaller  than  the  last ;  ramification  2-pinnate  ;  leaves  more  suddenly  acuminated ; 
perichaetial  leaves  elongated,  witli  a  more  lax  reticulation.  —  Shaded  ravines,  on 
limestone  rocks,  Central  Ohio  ;  growing  with  H.  minutissimum.  —  Among  the 
smallest  of  the  Hypna. 

5.  II.  scit  mil,    Beauv.    Monoecious ;    intermediate  in  size  between  No. 
2  and  3  ;  ramification  pinnate ;  easily  recognized  by  its  cylindrical,  nearly  regu- 
lar, and  erect  capsule,  with  a  conical,  shortly  rostrate  operculum.  —  Hilly  dis- 
tricts, on  the  base  of  trees,  particularly  the  Beech. 

6.  II.  ff  rjBCile,  Br.  &  Sch.     Monacious ;  size  and  ramification  as  in  the 
last;  capsule  oblong,  incurved-cernuous ;  operculum  convex-conic,  apiculate. — • 


G&  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

On  decayed  logs,  in  deep  woods.  — Varies  in  the  papilloseness  of  the  leaves  and 
the  shape  of  the  operculum.  —  Var.  RAVENfcLii,  which  occurs  in  South  Caro- 
lina on  brick  walls,  is  smaller  in  size ;  leaves  more  papillose ;  capsule  more 
slender,  and  with  a  longer  conic,  acute  operculum,  borne  on  a  strikingly  cygneus 
pedicel :  perhaps  a  distinct  species. 

7.  H.  abieliiiuiii,    L.    Dioecious  ;  stems  erect,  sparingly  and  dichoto- 
mously  divided,   simply  pinnate ;    branchlets  attenuated ;  capsule  cylindrical, 
suberect,  slightly  incurved  ;  operculum  conic.  —  Mts.  of  New  England.     (Eu.) 

4  2.  ELODIUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  villaus,  ascending,  I  -  2-divided,  distantly  pin- 
nate :  brancMets  subcompressed :  leaves  lanceolate,  acumiixite,  not  papillose,  striate  ; 
areolatian  elongated-rhomboidal :  costa  continuous:  capsule  oblong,  cernuous :  oper- 
culum convex-conic. 

8.  II.  paludosum,  Snlliv.     Dioecious;  stems  3' -4' long;  leaves  yel- 
lowish-green, with  a  cordate-concave  base,  the  margins  recurved,  entire. — 
Swamps,  Northern  and  Middle  States. 

$3.  HYLOC6MIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  villous,  arcuate-ascending;  divis- 
ions few,  irregularly  pinnate ;  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  more  or  less  acuminate, 
squarrose  or  rejlexed,  shortly  bieostate ;  areolatian  linear :  capsule  short,  tunjid,  hori- 
zontal, annulate :  operculum  short-conic  or  conic-rosttllate  :  large  and  robust  species. 

9.  H.  squarrosum,  L.     Dioecious;  leaves  pale  green,  shining,  long- 
lanceolate  from  an  ovate  concave  loosely  imbricating  base,  acuminate,  snbdcn- 
ticulate;    capsule  ovate-globose;   operculum    convex-conic,  apiculate. — Wet, 
grassy  places,  woodlands  of  Pennsylvania.  —  Seldom  fruits.     (Eu.) 

10.  H.  triqiietmm,  L.     Dio3cious;    divisions  of  the  stem  somewhat 
fastigiate  ;  the  branchlets  elongated,  deflexed,  acute  ;  leaves  bright  green,  shin- 
ing, from  a  broadly  triangular-lanceolate  narrow  base,  silicate,  sparsely  papilla- 
lose  on  the  back,  dentate  at  the  apex  ;  capsule  oval,  gibbous  ;  operculum  conic-* 
mammillate.  —  On  the  ground,  in  woods.  —  The  largest  of  our  Hypna.     (Ea.) 

11.  H.  I>revir6strc,    Ehrh.     Dioecious;    the  branches  subfascicnlately 
arranged ;   stem-leaves  broadly  cordate,  suddenly  acuminate,  decarrent,  sul- 
cate;  branch-leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  not  squarrose;  capsule  ventricose-ovate ; 
operculum  conic-rostellate.  —  Rocks,  and  base  of  trees,  Alleghany  Mountains. 
—  Foliage  greenish-yellow  :  smaller  than  the  last  two  species.     (Eu.) 

$  4.  PLEUR6ZIUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  viUous,  arcuate-prostrate,  increasing  by  an- 
nual, lateral,  simple  or  2-3-pinnate  prolijications :  leaves  concave,  patent,  broadly 
ovate  or  ol>long -ovate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  membranous,  sliining,  shortly  bieostate, 
or  semicostate  ;  areolatim  linear-Jlexuous :  capsule  round  isii-ovate :  operculum  conic, 
or  conic-acuminate. 

12.  H.  splendens,  Hcdw.    Dioecious;  stems  3' -6'  long,  composed  of 
3-5  distinct,  closely  bipinnate,  frond-like  growths  or  innovations;  stem-leaves 
broadly  ovate-oblong,  cirrhose-acuminatc,  shortly  2-costate,  serrulate;  opercn- 
lum  rostrate.  —  On  the  ground,  in  woods.     (Eu.) 

13.  H.  limbratum,  Ehrh.     Dioecious;  stems  fasciculately  and   bipm- 
nately  branched ;  branchlets  incurved ;  leaves  cordate,  acuminate,  plicate,  bico»- 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  69 

tate  at  the  base,  serrate;  operculum  short-conic.  —  Shaded  rocks;  Alleghany 
Mountains.     (Eu.) 

14.  H.  Oakesii,    Sulliv.    (1848,  and  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  4,  p. 
173,  t.  5.)     Dioecious;  stems  with  elongated,  arcuate,  subcompressed,  distantly 
rumulose  innovations ;    branchlets  incurved ;    leaves  ovate-oblong,  acuminate, 
plicate,   semicostate,   the  upper  half  sharply  and  irregularly  dentate;  capsule 
gibbose-ovate,  drooping;  operculum  conical,  acute  ;  pedicels  long.     (H.  fimbri 
atuin,  Hartm.  Skand.  Flora,  1849.     H.  Pyrenaicum,  Spruce,  in  Ann.  Nut.  Hist. 
1849.)  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.  —  Intermediate  between 
H.  umbratum  and  H.  brevirostre;  larger  than  either.     (Eu.) 

$5.  THAMNIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Primary  stems  rhizoma-like ;  secondary  ones 
arcuate-erect,  below  leafless,  above  simple,  flat-branched,  somewhat  dendroid:  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate ;  areolalion  minute,  elliptical ;  costa  stout,  subcontinuous :  capsule 
turgid,  suboval,  unequal,  cernuous :  operculum  rostrate :  pedicels  short,  aggregated. 

15.  II.  AllcsrlianicilSC,  C.  Mull.     Hermaphrodite;  leaves  dark  green, 
strongly  serrated  above,  as  is  the  costa  on  the  back.  —  Rocky  margins  of  moun- 
tain rivulets. 

§  6.  ISOTHECIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Main  stem  prostrate,  small-leaved ;  the 
principal  branches  ascending,  below  simple,  above  with  an  irregular  fasciculate 
ramification:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,,  semicostate;  areolation  minute, 
linear,  flexuous :  capsule  oblong,  nearly  erect,  subequal :  operculum  rostrate. 

16.  II.  myosuroides,    L.      Dioecious;    branchlets    filiform,   arcuate; 
leaves  ovate-acuminate,  serrulate.  —  Trunks  of  trees,  and  rocks,  in  hilly  dis- 
tricts :  rare.     (Eu.) 

§  7.  EURH YNCHIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  prostrate,  extended,  irregularly 
subpinnately  or  fasciculately  branched :  leaves  loose  or  imbricating,  ovate  or  oblong, 
acuminate.,  unicostate;  areolation  oval-rhomboidal  or  elongated:  capsule  oval,  un- 
equal, cernuous :  operculum  conic,  usually  lomj-rostrate :  pedicel  smooth  or  scabrous. 
*  Pedicel  rough. 

1 7.  H.  lisa  us,  Hedw.     Dioecious  ;   grows  .in   thin  loose  patches  ;   stems 
prostrate,   elongated,  distantly    pinnated  ;    branchlets    short,   subcompressed ; 
leaves  roundish-ovate,  serrulate,  spreading,  loose  ;  costa  suddenly  ceasing  more 
than  half-way.  —  On  the  ground,  in  woods. 

18.  II.  Sulliviiiitii,  Spruce.     Dioecious;  smaller  than   the  last,  with  a 
condensed  and  subfasciculate  mode  of  growth  ;  stems  somewhat  firm,  stolonif- 
erous  ;  brunches  ascending,  subterete ;  stem-leaves  elongated-ovate,  those  of  the 
branches  linear-lanceolate,  all  long-acuminate,  decurrent,  denticulate,  more  or 
less  papillose,  costate  beyond  the  middle,  margins  reflexed  below  ;  rostrum  of  the 
operculum  rather  short.     (H.  graminicolor  (Brid.  ?),  Wils.  $•  Hook,  in  Drum.  S. 
Mosses,  No.  133.)  —  Woods,  on  the  banks  of  rivulets,  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania. 

#  #  Pedicels  smooth. 

19.  II.  Strigosum,    Hoffm.     Pseudo-monoecious;  stem  creeping,  stolo- 
niferous  ;  main  branches  arcuate-ascending,  distichously  or  subfasciculately  ram- 
uiose  ;  branchlets  attenuated  ;  leaves  crowded,  spreading,  cordate,  oblong-ovate, 


70  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

somewhat  obtuse,  serrulate  ;  costa  ceasing  near  the  apex.  —  Wooded  hill-sides, 
on  the  ground.     (Eu.) 

20.  H.  diversifolium,  Bryol.  Europ.    Dioecious;  very  near  the  pre- 
ceding, but  has  a  more  simple  ramification,  obtuse  turgid  branchlets,  and  leaves 
more  densely  imbricating ;  those  of  the  stem  and  branches  deltoid-ovate,  acumi- 
nate, sulcatc ;   those  of  the  branchlets  ovate-obtuse.  —  Sandy  soil ;   hilly  por- 
tions of  Southern  Ohio,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

21.  H.  B6scii,  Schwtegr.     Dkecious ;  stems  prostrate,  with  a  somewhat 
fasciculate  ramification ;   branches   elongated,   turgid,   terete,  obtuse,   flaccid ; 
leaves  densely  imbricated,  ovate  from  a  broad  auriculate  base,  apiculate,  very 
concave,  serrate ;  costa  extending  more  than  half-way.  —  On  the  ground,  mostly 
in  hilly  and  wooded  districts.  —  A  large  species,  with  golden  yellow  foliage: 
does  not  well  associate  with  the  four  preceding  species  in  a  natural  arrange- 
ment. 

$  8.  RHYNCOSTEGIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  prostrate,  irregularly  branched, 
more  or  less  compressed :  leaves  ovate  and  ovate-lanceolate,  unicostate  or  shortly  bi' 
costate ;  aredation  somewhat  loose,  elongated-rhomboidal :  capsule  oval  and  inclined, 
or  oblong  and  cernuous :  operculum  rostrate. 

22.  II.  SCrrillatlllll,  Hedw.     Monoecious;  leaves  pale  green,  membra- 
nous, lax,  bifariously  directed,  spreading,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrulate, 
costate  beyond  the  middle;  capsule  oblong,  cernuous.  —  On  the  ground,  in  dry 
woods,  forming  thin  strata ;   occasionally  condensed,  the  branches  becoming 
cylindrical. 

23.  H.  deplanatum,  W.  P.  Sch.    Dioecious ;  stems  and  obtuse  branch- 
es very  flat,  profusely  rooting  underneath  their  whole  length;  leaves  bright 
green,  shining,  crowded,  distichously  imbricating,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  ser- 
rulate, shortly  bicostate ;  capsule  gibbose-oblong ;  annulus  narrow.     (H.  depres- 
sum,  James,  in  Proceed.  Amer.  Acad.  1855.) — Dry  woods,  in  close,  thin  mats, 
near  the  ground,  on  stones  and  roots  of  trees. — Fruit  rare. 

24.  II.  ruscifttrme,  Weis.     Monoecious;  branches  somewhat  arcuate, 
fasciculate,  elongated,  very  slightly  compressed ;  leaves  oblong-ovate,  shortly 
acuminate,  sharply  serrate,  sometimes  subsccund,  costate  nearly  to  the  apex ; 
capsule  oval,  rather  incurved ;  annulus  large.  —  Mountain  rivulets  :  frequent.  — 
A  rather  rigid  species,  with  lurid  green  foliage  of  a  firm  texture.     (Eu.) 

§9.  RAPHIDOSTEGIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  prostrate,  siibcom pressed ; 
ramification  irregular :  leaves  subsecund,  oblontj-kmceolate,  ecostate  or  short///  bicos- 
tate; the  margins  reflexed ;  areolation  minute,  linear,  flexuous  ;  the  3-5  cellules 
at  each  of  the  basal  angles  large,  ottlong,  inflated :  capsule  oblong,  suberect  or  cer- 
nuous :  operculum  subulate :  small  species. 

25.  H.  dcmissum,  Wils.     Monoecious  ;  stems  filiform,  elongated,  spar- 
ingly branched ;  leaves  yellowish,  shining,   rather  lax,   narrowly   acuminate, 
ecostate;  capsule  narrowly  elliptical,  horizontal,  cernuous.     (H.  llugclianum, 
Bryol.  Eitrop.)  —  Mountainous  districts.  —  Usually  grows  in  thin  flukes,  on  the 
inclined  faces  of  moist  exposed  rocks  :  variable.     When  much  uiiadcd,  and  on 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  71 

horizontal  surfaces,  it  assumes  an  upright  and  larger  growth,  an  1  becomes  IL 
Marykndicum  and  H.  Carolinianum,  Mull.  Sunop.     (Eu.) 

26.  H.  niicrociirpum,  C.  Mull.    Monoecious ;  growth  dose  and  en- 
tangled ;  branches  short,  recurved  ;  leaves  shining,  bright  green  or  yellowish, 
narrowly  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  obsoletely  short-costate ;  capsule  more  or 
less   symmetrical,   erect  or  inclined ;    ciliolae  of  the  pcristome  often   absent. 
(Leskea  adnata,  Michx.) —  Trunks  of  trees,  in  the  Southern  States. 

27.  11.  <•}  liii<lric;ii'|mm,    Mull.   Synop.   (1851).      Dioecious ;    stems 
prostrate,  subpiunately  branched ;  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  with  a  long-atten- 
uated  serrate   point,  bifariously   imbricated,  falcate-secund,  ecostate ;   capsule 
elongated-cylindrical,  regular  and  erect,  or  slightly  unequal  and  curved  ;  ciliolae 
of  the  inner  peristome  rudimentary.    (Muse.  Alleghan.  No.  60.    Leskea  tenuiros- 
tris,  W.  P.  Sch.;  Ed.  1,  1848.)  —  Grows  in  close,  yellowish,  shining  mats  on 
logs,  in  woods,  Alleghany  Mountains  and  Central  Ohio. 

28.  H.  recur  vailS,  Schwa:gr.     Monoecious  ;  forms  palish-green  shining 
mats,  fruiting  abundantly  ;  leaves  bifariously  imbricating,  ovate-lanceolate  from 
a  constricted  base,  secund-falcate,  strongly  serrate  near  the  point,  with  two  faint 
costae  at  the  base  ;  capsule  short-oval,  horizontal-incurved.  — Decayed  logs,  Alle- 
ghany Mountains.     Very  common,  and  variable  in  size. 

29.  H.  ;g!hiiliiui,  C.  Mull.     Monoecious;  stems  and  branches  flat ;  leaves 
lax,  spreading,  bifarious,  oblong-lanceolate,  slightly  serrulate  and  subsecund, 
with  two  very  short  costas  at  the  base  ;  capsule  oblong,  cernuous.     (H.  subsim- 
plex,  Hook.  $•  Wils. ;  Muse.  Alleyhan.)  —  Moist  places,  on  the  ground  and  on 
decayed  wood.  —  A  small  Moss,  with  delicate  pellucid  foliage,  varying  from 
dark  to  pale-whitish  green  :  difficult  to  distinguish  from  small  forms  of  H.  re- 
curvans  :  the  alar  cellules  less  distinct  and  inflated. 

1  10.  LIMN6BIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Main  stems  prostrate,  irregularly  branched, 
ascending :  leaves  varying  from  orbicular  to  elongated-lanceolate,  shortly  unicostate 
or  obsolete/!/  bicostate ;  cellules  oblong  or  linear :  capsule  turgid-ovate  or  oblong,  cer- 
nuoits :  operculuin  hemispherical,  apiculate,  or  short-conic. 

30.  II.  Cllgyrilllll,  Bryol.  Europ.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  303.)     Mo- 
ooecious  ;  main-stems  leafless  below,  rigid  ;  branches  irregularly  divided  ;  leaves 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate,  concave,  more 
or  less  complicate  and  contorted,  secund,  subfalcate,  shortly  bicostate,  the  ex- 
cavated basal  angles  composed  of  large  pellucid  fulvous  cellules ;  capsule  oblong, 
cernuous-incurved ;  annulus  very  broad.     (H.  palustre,  James,  in  Piocetd.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.  1855.     Limnobium  rufescens,  Schimp.  ined.)  —  White  Mountains,  New 
Hampshire,  Oaken,  James.     Smoky  Mountains,  Tennessee,  Rugel.  —  H.  palustre, 
L.,  Bryol.  Europ.,  (common  in  British  America,  Drummond,)  not  yet  found  within 
our  limits,  has  no  annulus ;  and  the  basal  angles  of  the  leaves  are  different.  (Eu.) 

31.  II.  in  olio,  Dickson.    Monoecious;  somewhat  larger  than  the  preced- 
ing; branches  thicker  and  more  obtuse,  not  so  divided;  leaves  flaccid,  widely 
spreading,  subsecund.  roundish,  apiculate,  entire  or  erose-denticulate  at  the  apex ; 
capsule  short,  turgid.  —  Mountain  rivulets,  North  Carolina,  Curtis,  Les<]iie,euz. 
(Eu.) 


72  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

32.  H.  ocliraccum,   Turner.      (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  305.)     Dioe- 
cious ;  stems  and  branches  extended ;  leaves  varying  from  ovate-lanceolate  to 
elongated  oblong-lanceolate,  more  or  less  contorted,  concave,  falcate,  striated ; 
costa  single  or  forked,  extending  to  the  middle ;  capsule  annulate,  oval,  incurved, 
with  a  short  erect  collum.     (H.  caulescens,  Sulliv.  $•  Lesqx.  ined.) — Mountains 
of  New  England,  Oakes,  Eaton,  Frost,  James.     (Eu.) 

33.  H.  montaillllil,  Wils.  in  James,  Enum.  1.  c.     (Muse.  Bor-Amer 
No.  306.)     Not  unlike  the  last  in  general  aspect;  but  a  smaller  species,  with 
monoecious  inflorescence  ;  differing  from  H.  palustre  by  its  broad  annulus  ;  and 
from  H.  alpestre  by  its  leaves  longer  and  more  suddenly  acuminated  from  a 
broad-ovate  oase,  subsquarrose,  more  or  less  falcate-secund,  with  reflexcd  and  dis- 
tinctly serrate  margins,  a  shorter  costa,  and  a  looser  reticulation.     (H.  rivulo- 
rum,  Sullic.  $•  Lesqx.  ined.)  —  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes,  James. 

§  11.  CALLIERGON,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  erect,  ascending ;  the  divisions  few,  simple 
or  subpinnati-ly  branched,  terete,  turgid:  leaves  more  or  less  closely  imbricating, 
ovate  and  oblong,  obtuse,  deeply  concave,  not  striate ;  membranous,  shining ;  cellules 
minute,  linear;  costa  variable:  capsule  oblong,  unequal,  horizontal:  operculum 
convex-conic :  rather  large  species,  mostly  found  in  wet  places. 

34.  H.  <  uspid :t f  II ill,  L.     Dioecious ;  stems  5'  -  7'  long ;  main  divisions 
simply  pinnate,  and,  like  the  branchlets,  cuspidate ;  leaves  pale  yellowish-green, 
oblong-ovate  or  oblong,  obtusely  pointed,  shortly  bicostate  ;  cellules  at  the  basal 
angles  large,  subquadrate  and  pellucid ;  capsule  gradually  tapering  into  the 
pedicel,  shortly  operculate,  and  broadly  annulate.  —  Grassy  marshy  places.  (Eu.) 

35.  H.  Schreberi,  Willd.      Dicecious;    much   like  the  preceding,  but 
easily  known  by  its  bright  red  stems,  visible  through  the  pale  green  or  fulvous 
foliage,  obtuse  branches,  perichajtial  leaves  not  striate,  and  the  absence  of  an 
annulus.  —  On  the  ground,  in  moist  woods.     (Eu.) 

36.  H.  cordifolium,  Hedw.     Monoecious ;  stems  6'  -  8'  long ;  divisions 
simple  or  very  sparingly  branched  ;  leaves  large,  rather  distant,  spreading,  ovate- 
oblong,  obtuse,  costate  nearly  to  the  apex,  decurrent ;  basal  cellules  large,  pel- 
lucid ;  capsule  gibbous,  oblong,  exannulate.  —  Swamps.     (Eu.) 

37.  H.  scorpioidcs,  L.    Dioecious;  stems  robust,  7' -10'  long,  flexu- 
ous-erect  or  decumbent ;    the  divisions    remotely  and  irregularly  ramulose ; 
branchlets  more  or  less  falcate  at  the  apex ;  leaves  dark  green  or  purplish- 
brown,   broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  flaccid,  ecostate ;   the   margins   above  usually 
inflexcd. — Bogs  and  springy  places.     (Eu.) 

38.  H.  Strainilienm,  Dickson.      Dioecious;   stems   6' -8'  long,   vory 
slender,  erect,  mostly  simple;  leaves  straw-colored,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  not 
crowded,  costate  beyond  the  middle ;  annulus  absent.  —  Sphagnous  swamps, 
New  England.     (Eu.) 

39.  II.  IrifTi  rill  III,  Web.   &   Mohr.    Dioecious ;  closely  resembling  the 
last,  but  a  larger  species,  very  brittle  when  dry ;  leaves  brownish-green,  some- 
what 3-ranked,  more  closely  imbricated,  not  so  long,  broader  and  more  obtuse, 
and  only  scmicostate  ;  capsule  more  turgid,  and  broadly  annulate.  —  Cranberry 
marshes,  Northern  Ohio.     (Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  73 

$12.  HARPlDlUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  rootless,  ascending,  fastiyiately  divided;  di 
visions  long,  subpinnately  branched;  brandies  more  or  less  hooked-curved;  leaves 
jiliformly  attenuated,  falcate-secund,  subcontinuously  costate;  texture  membrana- 
ceous,firm;  aredation  minute,  linear:  capsule  oblong,  cylindrical,  erect-cernuous: 
pedicels  long:  operculum  short,  convex-conic:  mostly  marsh-species. 

40.  H.  lliiciliatlllll,  Hedw.     Monoecious;  stems  2' -4' long,  somewhat 
rigid  ;  leaves  crowded,  gradually  lanceolate-subulate  from  a  broad  base,  plicate- 
striate,  serrulate,  costate  beyond  the  middle ;  capsule  cylindrical,  erect-cernuous  ; 
annulus  broad.  —  Eocks  and  decayed  logs,  in  moist  places,  White  Mountains  of 
New  Hampshire,  Oakes.  —  Forms  large,  loose,  pale  yellowish-green  turfs.   (Eu.) 

41.  H.  rcvdlvens,    Swartz.     Monoecious;  distinguished  from  the  pre- 
ceding by  its  softer,  dark  purple,  larger,  more  linear  leaves,  when  dry  rather  tor- 
tuous, not  plicate,  with  a  shorter  costa ;  and  by  its  somewhat  incurved  oblong 
capsule.  —  Marshes  and  bogs,  Northern  Ohio.     (Eu.) 

42.  II.  Iliiilans,  L.     Monoecious  ;  stems  longer  than  in  the  last  two  spe- 
cies ;  stem-leaves  elongated-lanceolate,  remote,  flaccid,  often  not  falcate-secund, 
costate  nearly  to  the  point ;  capsule  turgid-oblong,  incurved-horizontal,  with  a 
distinct  erect  collum ;  annulus  absent.  —  Swamps  and  stagnant  water.  —  Color 
usually  dark  green.     (Eu.) 

43.  II.  :ul  tiiicuin,  Hedw.     Dioecious  ;  typical  form  slenderer  than  in 
the  three  species  above ;  leaves  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  with  a  short 
compressed  costa  reaching  nearly  to  the  point,  and  a  somewhat  rectangular  are- 
olation;  alar  cellules  large,  inflated,  pellucid;  capsule  turgid,  incnrved-oblong. 
—  Swamps  and  bogs.  —  Var.  GRACILESCEXS,  Bryol.  Europ.     Stems  more  deli- 
cate ;  leaves  shorter,  with  a  looser  arcolation.  —  Limestone  springs,  Penn.,  Le»- 
quereux. —  Var.?  GIGANTEUM,  Bryol.  Europ.     " Ethans  Pond,"  Willey  Moun- 
tain, New  Hampshire,  James.     St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  Lesquereux.     (Eu.) 

f  13.  CRATONEtTRON,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  prostrate  or  ascending,  villous  and 
densely  radiculose ;  the  divisions  few,  interruptedly  pinnate :  leaves  lanceolate  or 
lanceolate-attenuated  from  a  cordate  base,  spreading  or  falcate-secund ;  areoiation 
dense,  oli/ong ;  costa  stout,  subcontinuous :  capsule  cylindrical,  cernuous :  operculum 
short-conic.  —  Mostly  in  wet  places,  on  calcareous  soil. 

44.  II.  filicimim,  L.    Dioecious ;  leaves  evenly  concave ;  annulus  sim- 
ple.—  Wet  places,   on   dripping  rocks,   Ohio.  —  H.   commutatuni,   Hedw.,  a 
closely  related  species  found  in  British  America,  is  a  somewhat  larger  plant ; 
having  the  leaves  softer,  longer-attenuated,  plicate,  and  more  falcate,  with  a 
shorter  costa,  and  a  large  compound  annulus.     (Eu.) 

t  14.  PTtLIUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  erect,  large,  rigid,  rootless,  villous,  simple  or 
dichotomous,  with  one  or  two  short  innovations,  densely  cristate-pinnate,  frond-like : 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  attenuated,  circinnate-secund,  obsoletely  bicostate,  sulcate , 
areolation  minute,  linear :  capsule  cylindrical,  incurvtd-horizontal :  operculum  con- 
vex-conic:  pedicels  long. 

45.  II.  Crista-Castrensis,   L.     Dioecious;    leaves  yellowish  or  ful 
vous,  shining.  —  On  the  ground  in  mountainous  districts;  a  striking,  showy 
ipecics,  sometimes  forming  deep  spongy  beds,  many  rods  in  extent.     (Eu.) 


"4  Jiusci.     (MOSSES.) 

$15.  HYPNUM  PROPER.  —  Stems  procumbent  or  ascending,  irregularly  divided, 
with  a  more  or  less  densely  pinnate  ramification,  sparingly  villous:  leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, more  or  less  lotiff-acuminate,  usually  subsecund  or  falcate-sccund,  obsoletely 
bicostate,  membranaceous,  shining  ;  cellules  linear,  compact :  capsule  annulate, 
mostly  oblong  and  erect-cernuous :  operculum  conic,  more  or  less  rostellate. 

46.  II.  molliiscilin,  Hcdw.     Dioecious ;    grows   in   soft  mats ;    stems 
procumbent  cr  ascending,  diehotomously  divided ;  the  divisions  very  closely 
and  pinnately  ramulose,  much  as  in  No.  45;   branchlcts   incurved  at  their 
points  ;  leaves  suddenly  lanceolate-attenuate  from  a  broad  base,  falcate-secund, 
serrate  ;  capsule  horizontal,  turgid-oval.  —  On  rocks  and  on  the  ground,  in  dense 
woods  ;  mostly  in  mountainous  regions.     (Eu.) 

47.  II.  «'ii]»l'<'ssif  oriiH',  L.     Dioecious ;  stems  creeping,  irregularly  or 
subpinnately  ramulose  ;  leaves  broadly  oblong-lanceolate,  attenuated,  often  ser- 
rulate at  the  point,  falcate-secund ;  capsule  oblong  or  cylindrical,  crect-cemu- 
ous ;  annulus  broad ;  operculum  convex-conic,  more  or  less  acutely  rostellate. 
—  Hilly  districts,  on  the  trunks  of  trees,  rocks,  or  on  the  ground,  in  shaded 
places.  —  Very  variable.     (Eu.) 

48.  II.  imponens,  Hcdw.    Dioecious ;   stems  prostrate,  extended,   di- 
vided, regularly  and  closely  pinnate ;  leaves  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acu- 
minate, falcate-secund,  sharply  serrate  at  the  point,  the  margins  below  rcflcxed  ; 
capsule  cylindrical,  subercct,  slightly  incurved.  —  On  the  ground,  and  on  de- 
cayed logs  ;  forming  extensive  thin  mats,  in  localities  not  mountainous.  —  One 
of  our  most  common  species.     (Eu.) 

49.  II.  reptile?  Michx.     Monoecious  ;  stems  slender,  creeping,  elongated, 
eubpinnately   ramulose ;   leaves   ovate-oblong,   moderately   acuminated,  subse- 
cund, more  or  less  falcate,  strongly  serrate  at  the  point ;  capsule  cylindrical, 
erect-cernuous  ;  operculum  large,  rostellate  from  a  tumid  base.  —  Smaller  than 
the  last ;  occurs  only  in  mountainous  districts,  where  it  is  very  common.    (Eu.) 

50.  H.  CUl'vif  olilim,  Hedw.    Dioecious ;  in  general  aspect  like  No.  47 
and  48,  but  larger,  and  not  so  pinnately  ramulose ;  readily  recognized  by  its 
large,  ccrnuous,  and,  when  dry,  sulcate  capsule  ;  and  by  the  conspicuous  whit- 
ish, plicate,  perichastial  leaves.  —  Grows  with  No.  48. 

51.  H.  Haldailirtnum,  Grev.      Monoecious;  stems  creeping,  irregu- 
larly branched ;  branches  subcompressed ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate  and  broadly 
oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  spreading,  more  or  less  sccund ;  capsule  elongated, 
cylindrical,  nearly  erect,  slightly  incurved  ;  operculum  acutely  conic  or  subros- 
tellate.  —  Grows  in  same  places  as  the  last.     (Eu.) 

52.  H.  nemorosum,  Koch.    Monoecious;   stems  creeping,  elongated, 
with  several  main  divisions,  which  are  closely  subpinnately  and  fasciculately 
ramulose ;  branchlcts  subcompressed ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  long  and 
narrow  strongly  serrate  and  subflexuous  point,  patent,  more  or  less  secund; 
capsule  oblong,    erect-incurved  ;    operculum  short-conic.  —  Decayed   logs,   on 
summits  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  —  About  the  size  of  No.  48.     (Eu. ) 

53.  II.  pratclise,    Koch.     Dioecious    (in   European  specimens   pseudo- 
monoecious,  Diyol.  Em-op,) ;  stems  ascending,  divided,  subfastigiatcly  branched ; 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  73 

branches  sparingly  ramulose;  cauline  leaves  subcomplanate,  decnrved  at  tb« 
apex  (those  of  the  branches  secund-falcate),  ovate-lanceolate,  minutely  serrulate 
above ;  capsule  cernuous,  incurved-oblong  ;  operculura  convex-conic.  —  Wet 
rocks  on  the  ground,  forming  loose  spongy  masses,  New  York  :  rare.  —  Resem- 
bles No.  50,  and  large  forms  of  No.  47  ;  but  its  ramification  and  mode  of  grow  ill 
are  quite  different.  (Eu.) 

t  16.  RHYTlDIUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  prostrate;  the  main  dirnsions  robust,  rigid, 
arcuate-ascending,  irregularly  pinnate,  with  short  subuncinate  branchlets :  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  attenuated,  often  secund  and  subfalcate,  undulate-rugose,  semicos- 
tate ;  areolation  compact,  linear,  flexuous :  capsule  cylindrical,  arcuate-horizontal: 
operculum  conic,  shortly  rostellate :  calyptra  large. 

54.  H.  rugdsum,    Ehrh.    Dioecious;  stems  erect,  2' -3'  high;  foliage 
yellow  or  fulvous.  —  Grows  in  large  elastic  cushions,  mostly  in  exposed  places, 
on  limestone  rocks  :  not  uncommon  ;  but  extremely  rare  in  fruit.     (Eu.) 

U7.  BRACHYTHECIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  prostrate,  rarely  suberect, 
ramification  profuse,  irregular,  occasionally  subpinnate:  leaves  erect-patent,  usually 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  the  margins  below  recurved;  area- 
lation  rhomboidal,  more  or  less  elongated ;  costa  ceasing  half-way,  or  continuous : 
capsule  ovate  or  oblong,  cernuous  or  suberect :  operculum  convex-conic :  pedicel 
smooth  or  scabrous. 

*  Pedicels  smooth. 

55.  H.  nitons,  Schreb.     Monoecious;   stems   tomentose,  suberect,  3' -5' 
long,  interruptedly  and  subpinnately  ramulose ;  leaves  yellowish-green,  shining, 
elongated-lanceolate,  attenuated,  strongly  sulcate-plicate  ;  costa  light,  subcontin- 
iious ;  capsule  oblong,  cernuous ;  operculum  short,  convex-conic,  apiculatc ;  an- 
nulus  large;  pedicels  1'- 2' long.  —  Sphagnous  swamps,  Northern  and  Middle 
States.     (Eu.) 

56.  H.  salebrdsum,  Hoffm.    Monoecious ;  stems  3'  -  4'  long,  prostrate, 
irregularly  branched  ;  leaves  moderately  acuminated  from  a  rounded  base,  sub- 
serrulate,  slightly  striate ;  areolation  broader  and  more  lax  near  the  base ;  costa 
slender,  vanishing  about  midway ;  capsule  gibbose-ovate,  turgid,  cernuous  ;  an- 
nulus  small ;  pedicels  6" -10"  long;  perichsetial  leaves  subsquarrose.  —  On  the 
ground,  decayed  logs,  rocks,  &c. ;  common  and  variable.  —  Foliage  yellowish- 
green  and  shining.     (Tab.  V.)     (Eu.) 

57.  II.  lii'timi,  Brid.     Very  like  (and  often  confounded  with)  No.  56 ; 
but  more  slender,  with  an  erect-cernuous  oblong-cylindrical  capsule  and  dioecious 
inflorescence.  —  Similar  situations. 

••>8.  H.  acumiiiatum,  Beauv.  Dioecious;  resembles  the  last  species; 
but  is  every  way  smaller ;  stems  prostrate,  closely  entangled ;  the  branches 
crowded,  ascending ;  leaves  slightly  spreading,  ovate-lanceolate,  serrulate  near 
the  point,  costate  beyond  the  middle,  the  margins  broadly  recurved ;  capsule 
cylindrical,  nearly  regular,  erect,  or  slightly  curved ;  annulus  none ;  ciliolse  of 
the  inner  peristome  present  or  absent.  (Leskea  acuminata,  Iledw.)  —  On  the 
ground  and  decayed  logs,  in  moist,  shady  places.  —  Prominent  among  its  many 
varieties  are  var.  KurfucoLUM  :  leaves  shorter ;  branches  subjulaceous  ;  capsule 


76  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

shorter.  —  On  dry  rocks.    Var.  8Ex6suM :  branches  more  elongated  and  slender , 
leaves  attenuated,  of  a  yellowish  silky  hue.  —  Base  of  trees,  in  dry  places. 

*  *  Pedicels  rough. 

59.  H.  riitaluilimi,  L.    Monoecious;  stems  3' -5'  lopg,  prostrate  or 
arcuate,  with  an  irregular  ramification ;  branches  ascending  ;  leaves  pale  green, 
broadly  ovate  and  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  serrulate,  thin,  shining,  substriate 
only  when  dry,  costate  above  half-way :  capsule  oval  or  oblong-cernuous ;  annu- 
lus  large ;   perichsetial  leaves  recurved ;   vaginula  emergent,  pilose :   a  large 
species.  —  On  the  ground,  in  wet  and  springy  places.     (Eu.) 

60.  H.  pluiUOSUm,  L.      (Bryol.   Europ.)      Monoecious;   stems  3' -4' 
long,  creeping  branches  ascending,  ramulose ;  leaves  yellowish-green  or  reddish- 
brown,  ovate  and  deltoid-ovate,  with  a  short  rather  oblique  point,  serrulate  above, 
semicostate,  estriate ;  capsule  gibbous,  oval,  inclined ;  annulus  narrow ;  only 
the  upper  half  of  the  pedicel  scabrous.     (H.  pseudo-plumosum,  Brid.,  Mall.; 
also  H.  chrysostomum,  Michx.)  — Alleghany  Mountains.     (Eu.) 

61.  H.  populeum,  Hedw.    Monoecious;  stems  2' -3'  long,  irregularly 
branched ;  branches  ascending  or  arcuate ;  leaves  gradually  and  narrowly  lance- 
olate, acuminate,  serrulate  above;  the  costa  continuous;  capsules  numerous, 
small,  roundish-ovate,  suberect ;  a  small  species,  with  yellowish  silky  foliage. 
(H.  reflcxum,  James  in  Proceed.  Acad.  Philad.,  1855.) — Kocks  and  trunks  of 
trees,  in  hilly  districts.     (Eu.) 

62.  H.  Fcndleri,  Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  334.)     Polygamous 
(staminate,  pistillate,  and  hermaphrodite  flowers  on  the  same  plant) ;  stems 
1-2'  long,  creeping;  branches  erect,  simple  or  ramulose;  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, serrulate,  semicostate ;  capsule  oval-oblong,  suberect,  rarely  unequal  and 
inclined ;  ciliolae  of  the  peristome  rudimentary  or  absent ;  operculum  conic,  with 
a  short  obtuse  rostrum ;  pedicels  slightly  scabrous  below,  smooth  above  :  resem- 
bles the  European  H.  velutinum,  L.     (Lcskea  Fendleri,  Sulliv.  in  Mem.  Amer. 
Acad.  n.  ser.  4,  p.  170,  t.  1.) — Dry  rocks,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  Fend/er. 

63.  H.  reflex  mil,  Starke.     Monoecious;  stems  procumbent,  filiform,  2'- 
3'  long ;  branches  crowded,  slender,  arcuate ;  leaves  rather  distant,  decurrent. 
broadly  or  deltoid-ovate,  suddenly  and  narrowly  lanceolate,  spreading  at  their 
point,  serrulate,  heavily  costate  to  the  apex ;  capsule  globose-ovate,  horizontal. 
JH.  subtenue,  James,  1.  c.)  — Rocks,  and  base  of  trees,  White  Mountains  of  New 
Hampshire,  Oafces,  James.     (Eu.) 

64.  II.  Slfsrkii,  Web.  &  Mohr.    Monoecious;  resembles  the  last  species , 
but  is  much  larger,  and  has  a  slenderer  costa  extending  about  half-way  up  the 
leaf.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 

65.  II.  I'i  Villa  I'C,  Bryol.  Europ.     Distinguished  from  H.  rutabulum  by 
its  somewhat  larger  size,  more  rigid  stems,  firmer,  wider,  shorter,  and  more  sud- 
denly acuminated  leaves,  with  a  heavier  costa,  papillose  pedicels  (!'-!£'  long), 
and  essentially  by  its  dioecious  inflorescence.  —  Wet  rocks,  mountains  of  New 
England  and  of  Pennsylvania.     (Eu.) 

66.  H.  IVov;e-  An;;  lite,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  338.) 
Diacious;  stems  l£'-2'  long,  rather  stiff;  main  divisions  arcuate-ascending, 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  77 

irregularly  pinnate  and,  like  the  branchlets,  subjulaceous ;  leaves  patent-in- 
curved,  widely  i:ordate-ovate,  with  a  short  abrupt  point,  decurrent,  very  concave, 
slightly  striate,  serrulate,  the  costa  vanishing  beyond  the  middle;  capsule  ob- 
long, oblique,  slightly  incurved,  narrowly  annulate  ;  operculum  elongated-conic, 
scarcely  rostrate ;  pedicels  6" -7"  long;  perichaetial  leaves  filiformly  attenuated. 

—  Mountains  of  New  England,  Oakes,  Frost,  James,  Eaton.  —  Approaches  the 
last  species ;  but  that  is  twice  as  large,  and  has  more  elongated,  spreading, 
membranous,  plicate,  distant,  and  less  concave  leaves,  with  a  more  glossy  sur- 
face.    The  growth,  ramification,  and  operculum  separate  it  from  H.  hians. 

$  18.  CAMPYLIUM,  Sulliv.  —  Stems  prostrate,  with  an  irregular,  crowded  rami- 
fication, or  ascending  and  fastig  lately  branched:  leaves  suddenly  long -acuminate 
from  a  broadly  ovate  base,  subsquarrose,  scarcely  costate,  scarious ;  areolation  minute, 
linear,  flexuous :  capsule  subcylindrical,  erect-cernuous :  operculum  convex-conic. 

67.  H.  Stellatum,   Schreb.      Dioecious  ;    stems   ascending,   fastigiately 
branched,  3' -4'  high,  rather  stout;  leaves  deltoid-ovate,  long-acuminate,  entire, 
ecostate,  the  margins  reflexed  below,  the  basal  angles  excavated  and  furnished 
with  large  diaphanous  cellules.  —  Bogs  and  marshes  :  grows  in  compact  turfs. 

—  Fruit  rare  :  foliage  yellowish,  shining.     (Eu.) 

68.  H.  polymoi'plitim,  Bryol.  Europ.     Dioecious  ;    a  more  slender 
species  than  the  preceding ;  stems  procumbent,  subpinnately  ramulose ;  leaves 
cordate-ovate  at  the  base,  entire,  less  squarrose,  unicostate  half-way ;  without 
diaphanous  cellules  at  the  basal  angles.  —  Moist  and  shaded  clayey  banks.  (Eu.) 

69.  II.  hispid uluill,  Brid.     Monoecious,  much  smaller  than  the  last ; 
stems  prostrate ;  leaves  not  so  crowded,  nor  so  long-acuminate,  obscurely  bicos- 
tate  at  the  base ;  the  margins  minutely  dentate.  —  Dry  places,  at  the  base  of 
trees,  or  on  the  ground  ;  rocky  hill-sides  :  forming  close  bright-green  mats. 

{  19.  HETEllOCLADIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  prostrate,  divided,  radicu- 
lose,  sjMriiif/ly  vil/ous,  irregularly  and  subpinnately  ramulose :  leaves  of  two  forms  ; 
the  cauline.  larger,  ovate-lanceolate,  squarrose ;  the  ramuline  roundish-ovate,  obtuse, 
suberect ;  all  denticulate  and  obscurely  bicostate  at  the  base,  more  or  less  papillose  ; 
central  areolie  larger,  oblong-hexngonal,  the  marginal  subquadrate :  capsule  oblong, 
cernuous :  operculum  conic,  obtuse  or  slightly  rostellate. 

70.  H.  dim6rptllim,  Brid.      Dioacious  ;    stems   l'-2'  long,   filiform, 
rigid,  fragile,  with  minute,  opaque,  dark  green  and   lustreless  leaves.  —  Dry 
shaded  rocks,  Ellis  River,  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  James.     (Eu.) 

4  20.  AMBLYSTEGIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  creeping,  much  and  irregu- 
larly branched :  leaves  erect-patent,  rarely  bifarious/y  directed,  ovate  and  ovate-Ian' 
ceolute,  mostly  entire;  areolation  hexagonal-rhomboidal ;  costa  variable:  capsule 
oolong  or  cylindrical,  more  or  less  curved :  operculum  convex-conic. 

71.  H.  subtile,  Hoffm.     Monoecious;   branches   crowded,  erect;  leaves 
distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  ecostate,  spreading  or  slightly  secund,  with 
a  loose  areolation ;  capsule  oblong,  suberect  or  slightly  cernuous ;  operculum 
large,  apictilate ;  the  basal  membrane  of  the  internal  peristome  narrow ;  ciliola 
absent.  —  Trees,  New  England.  —  A  very  minute  species.     (Eu.) 


78  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

72.  II.  minutissimum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.    (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  343.) 
Monoecious ;  stems  capillary,  irregularly  branched ;  leaves  ecostate,  subcntire, 
those  of  the  stem  narrowly  lanceolate  from  a  broadly  ovate  base,  widely  spread- 
ing ;  branch-leaves  much  smaller,  linear-lanceolate,  subappressed  ;  capsule  obo- 
vate,  inclined,  cernuous ;  operculum  large,  hemispherical-conic,  apiculate ;  an. 
nulus   simple,  narrow ;  inner  peristome  ciliolate ;  perichaetial  leaves  strongly 
and  irregularly  serrate.     (Muse.  Alleghan.  No.  31.) —  Grows  with  H.  pygmae- 
nm,  in  close,  thin,  deep-green  strata,  on  limestone  rocks;  in  shaded  ravines, 
Penn.  and  Ohio.  —  The  smallest  of  our  Hypna.     Closely  allied  to  H.  confer- 
voides,  Schwcegr.,  and  H.  Sprucei,  Bruch :  the  first  is  twice  as  large,  and  has  a 
pinnate  ramification,  an  oblong  capsule,  and  entire  perichaetial  leaves :  the  second 
is  dioecious,  with  ciliate-dentate  pcrichaetial  leaves ;   but  in  all  other  respects 
(even  in  the  capsule,  which  is  erroneously  described  as  erect  and  regular)  it 
approaches  very  near  to  this  species. 

73.  H.  adnatUHl,  Hedw.    Monoecious ;  leaves  closely  imbricated,  ovate 
and  ovate-lanceolate,  suddenly  acuminated,  concave,  shortly  bicostate,  the  mar- 
gins nearly  entire  and  reflexed  below ;  capsule  oblong,  erect-cernuous ;  perichae- 
tial  leaves  irregularly  denticulate.  —  A  small  species,  growing  in  thin,  close 
mats,  on  stones  near  the  surface  of  the  ground  ;  seldom  on  trees. 

74.  H,  serpens,  Hedw.     Monoecious;  stems  sparingly  divided,  closely 
ramulose ;  branches  simple,  filiform,  unequal,  flexuous-erect ;  leaves  spreading, 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  entire  or  obsoletely  serrulate,  costate  about  half- 
way ;  areolation  rather  large  and  pellucid ;  capsule  elongated-cylindrical,  cernu- 
ous-incurved,  broadly  annulate.  —  On  rocks,  decayed  logs,  and  the  ground.  — 
Subject  to  many  varieties.     (En.) 

75.  H.  radicate,  Brid.     (Bryol.  Europ.)     Monoecious;  closely  related 
to  the  preceding,  but  larger  and  more  rigid ;  leaves  entire,  longer  and  more 
suddenly  acuminated  from  a  broader  and  rounder  base,  with  a  stouter  costa 
extending  to  the  apex;    areolation  closer.     (H.  varium  of  authors.)  —  Same 
localities  as  the  last ;  likewise  very  variable.  —  (In  Bryol.  Europ.  a  new  species, 
Amblystegium  serratum,  near  this,  is  indicated,  with  smaller  strongly  serrated 
leaves  and  a  shorter  costa :  founded  on  specimens  from  Reading,  Penn.)     (Eu.) 

76.  H.  orthdcladon,  Beauv.    Monoecious;   larger  than  H.  radicale, 
with  longer,  thicker,  succulent,  upright  and  straight  branches  (whence  its  spe- 
cific name)  ;   leaves   flaccid,  entire,  shorter-acuminate  from  a  broad   cordate 
base ;  costa  continuous  ;  areolation  smaller.  —  Wet  springy  places. 

77.  H.  iioterdphilum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.    (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  348.) 
Monoecious ;  divisions  of  the  stem  with  an  irregular  pinnate  ramification ;  leaves 
of  the  fertile  stems  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate,  erect-spreading, 
with  a  strong  excurrent  costa ;  those  of  the  thick  and  firm  immersed  sterile 
stems  erect,  appressed,  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  gradually  tapering  from  an 
ovate  base,  long-cuspidate  by  the  heavy  costa,  which  occupies  nearly  J  of  the 
lamina ;  capsule  elongated-cylindrical,  erect-incurved,  narrowly  annulate.     (H. 
fluviatile,  James,  in  Proceed.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  1855.) — Abounds  in  lime. 
Btone  springs,  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  Prof.  Porter.  — A  stout,  rigid,  dark- 
green  Moss,  resembling  Amblystegium  irriguum,.  var.  fallax,  Bryol.  Europ.  fax, 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  79 

55,  56,  emend.,  but  is  a  larger  plant,  the  leaves  narrower  and  entire,  with  a  much 
heavier  costa.  The  true  Swartzian  H.  fluviatile  of  JFiVs.  Bryol.  Brit. ;  Bryol. 
Europ.  fuse.  62  -  64,  is  a  soft  and  flaccid  plant,  the  ramification  not  pinnate. 
H.  noterophilum  appears  not  unlike  H.  filicinum,  var.  Vallisclausae,  Bryol.  Brit. 
(H.  Vallisclausae,  Brid.),  but  differs  in  the  inflorescence. 

78.  H.  ripariiim,  Hedw.     Monoecious;  stems  much  elongated,  the  di- 
ri?ions  distantly  and  siibpinnately  branched  ;  leaves  usually  remote,  bifariously 
directed,  ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  entire,  costate  half-way ;  thin  ; 
areolation  minute,  linear-rhomboidal  ;    capsule  oblong,  cernuous.  —  Common 
about  swamps ;  also  on  stones  in  rivulets.  —  Quite  variable.     (Eu.) 

79.  II.  polygailltllll,  Bryol.   Europ.     Staminate,   pistillate,   and  her- 
maphrodite flowers  in  clusters,  and  on  the  same  stem ;  stems  procumbent  or 
ascendiag,  irregularly  and  subpinnately  branched  ;  leaves  entire,  spreading,  sub- 
squarrose,  long  and  subulately  acuminated  from  a  concave,  cordate,  or  ovate- 
lanceolate  base,  the  point  variously  directed,  costate  half-way,  or  more  or  less 
distinctly  bicostate  at  the  base,  scarious  ;  areolation  minute,  linear ;  the  cellules 
at  the  decurrent  angles  enlarged,  oblong ;  capsule  oblong,  cernuous,  broadly 
annulate.  —  Swamps,  British  America,  Drummond.  —  Very  much  like  H.  stel- 
latuin,  but  somewhat  smaller,  and  not  so  harsh  a  species. 

80.  H.  Lescurii,    Sulliv.     (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  350.)     Monoecious ; 
stems  prostrate ;  branches  erect,  simple  or  divided ;  leaves  lax,  widely  spread- 
ing, broadly  ovate,  very  shortly  acuminated,  concave,  with  a  thickened  yeliowish 
border  composed  of  several  lines  of  linear  flexuous  cellules,  which  elsewhere  are 
rhombic-oval ;  costa  stout,  extending  to  the  serrulate  point ;  capsule  oblong, 
cernuous,  broadly  annulate ;  operculum  acutely  conic.  —  On  wet  rocks,  Tallu- 
lah  Falls,  Georgia,  Lesquereux.     Also  Brattleborough,  V;rmont,  Frost. 

i  21.  PLAGIOTHECIUM,  Bryol.  Europ.  —  Stems  p-ocnmbent  or  erect,  spar- 
ingly branched ;  branches  usually  subcompressed  or  complanate,  elongated,  assurgent, 
mostly  simple :  leaves  ovate  and  oi\ite-lanceolate,  more  or  less  unsymmetrical,  ecos- 
tate  or  shortly  bicostate ;  areolation  elongated-rhomboidal,  or  linear  and  jlexuous : 
capsule  oblique,  cylindrical,  moderately  curved,  sometimes  oblong,  erect,  and  equal. 
'#  Inflorescence  monoecious. 

81.  H.  tlenticillatlim,  L.     Stems  prostrate,  2' -3'  long,  stolon iferous ; 
leaves  obliquely  ovate-acuminate,  shortly  bicostate,  decurrent,  the  margins  nar- 
rowly reflexed ;  areolation  narrow  and   elongated ;    capsule  oblong  inclined ; 
operculum   conic,   acute;  annnlus   large,   compound:  pedicel  red.  —  In  loose 
tufts,  on  tussocks,  in  swamps  and  crevices  of  moist  rocks :  variable.  —  On  the 
White  Mountains,  N.  Hampshire,  occurs  what  may  be  a  form  of  this  species ; 
but  it  is  smaller,  with  an  upright  growth,  and  an  erect  regular  and  narrowly 
annulate  capsule ;  according  well  with  Plagiothecium  laetum,  as  given  in  Bryol. 
Europ.,  except  that  its  inner  peristome  is  ciliolate,  and  even  in  this  respect  not 
differing  from  specimens  received  from  W.  P.  Schimper  under  that  name.    (Eu.) 

82.  H.  Mulllenbeckii,  Bryol.  Europ.     Stems  scarcely  1'  long,  ascend- 
ing ;  branches  short,  arcuate-erect,  fasciculate ;  leaves  complanate,  ovate-lance- 
olate, long-acuminate,  subsecund,  serrulate,  shortly  bicostate,  decurrent;  cel- 
lules at  the  basal  angles  large  and  inflated,  elsewhere  much  smaller,  elongated- 

G.  M.  6 


80  MUSCI.     (MOSSES.) 

rhomboidal ;  capsule  euberect  or  oblique,  oblong,  tapering  at  the  base,  slightly 
incurved,  broadly  annulate ;  operculum  convex-conic.  —  Alleghany  Mountains, 
on  rocks  and  the  ground.  (Eu.) 

83.  H.  flilvuill,  Hook.  &  Wils.     Habit,  ramification,  and  size  of  No. 
81,  but  the  color  is  dark  fulvous;  leaves  longer-acuminated,  with  a  close,  elon- 
gated, linear,  flexuous  areolation ;  the  margins  erect ;  capsule  strikingly  small 
for  the  size  of  the  plant,  short-oblong,  oblique,  moderately  incurved ;  operculum 
short-conic.  —  Sphagnous  marshes;  Louisiana,  Drummond,  S.  Mosses,  No.  110  : 
Augusta,  Georgia,  Gray.  —  When  immersed  in  warm  water,  it  imparts  to  it  a 
beautiful  saffron  color. 

*  #  Inflorescence  dicecious. 

84.  H.  sylvaticum,  L.     Resembles  very  much  No.  81,  but,  besides  its 
different  inflorescence,  distinguished  by  its  somewhat  larger  size ;  leaves  more 
elongated  and  less  acuminated,  with  a  wider  and  laxer  areolation,  the  margins 
not  reflexed ;  capsule  cylindrical ;  annulus  narrow  and  simple  ;  pedicels  pale ; 
operculum  much  longer,  and  distinctly  rostrate.  —  White  Mountains  of  New 
Hampshire,  Oakes:  rare.  —  Subject  to  varieties.     (Eu.) 

85.  H.  Sllllivdntiae,  W.  P.  Sch.     Mode  of  growth  upright ;  branches 
slightly  compressed ;   leaves   closely  Imbricating,  ovate,  narrowly  acuminate, 
with  a  minute  flexuous-linear  areolation;  capsule  erect,  regular;  annulus  large; 
pedicels  coral-red  ;   operculum  elongated-conic.  —  On  rocks,  in  dense  woods, 
Central  and  Southern  Ohio. 

86.  H.  clcgailS,  Hook.    Stems  and  branches  prostrate,  flat ;  leaves  plane, 
ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  slender  and  distantly  serrulate  point ;  areolation  as  in 
the  last  species ;  capsule  oval,  more  or  less  pendulous ;  operculum  conic-rostel- 
late.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  James.  —  Foliage  retaining  its 
brilliancy  when  dried.     (Eu.) 

%*  ADDITIONS   TO   MUSCI. 

To  page  618. 

3.  Seligeria  pusilla,  Br.  &  Sch.  In  size  and  general  appearance  very 
like  S.  tristicha  and  S.  recurvata;  distinguished  from  the  first  by  its  leaves 
spreading  every  way  (not  3-ranked),  and  from  the  second  by  its  erect  (not 
curved)  pedicel.  —  St.  Louis,  Drummond,  S.  Mosses,  No.  35.  (Eu.) 

To  p.  627. 

9.  Barbula  agraria,  Hedw.  Stems  short  (l"-2»  high);  leaves 
tufted,  oblong,  shortly  acuminate,  concave,  the  margins  not  reflexed ;  costa 
strong,  ceasing  at  the  apex;  capsule  cylindrical,  slightly  curved,  annulate, 
ribbed  when  dry;  pedicel  4" -6"  high.  —  Apalachicola,  Florida,  Drummond,  S, 
Mosses,  No.  64.  — The  striking  feature  of  this  species  is  the  ribbed  capsule. 

10.  15.  in  lira  lis,  Timm.  Monoecious;  stems  caespitose,  short;  leaves 
oblong,  obtuse,  subspatulate,  the  margins  narrowly  recurved ;  costa  excurrent 
into  a  long  and  smooth  pellucid  hair-point ;  capsule  erect,  oblong,  symmetrical ; 
teeth  of  tho  peristome  much  contorted,  with  a  narrow  basilar  membrane.  — New 
Orleans,  Drummond,  S.  Mosses,  No,  63.  (Eu.) 


MUSCI.     (MOSSES.)  81 

To  p.  628. 

3.  Did ymodoii  cylindricus,  Br.  &  Sch.  Dioecious ;  stems  csespi- 
tose,  4" -10"  high,  branched;  leaves  linear-acuminate,  spreading,  flexuous, 
more  or  less  undulate  on  the  plane  margins,  costate  to  the  apex ;  capsule  nai  - 
rowly  cylindrical,  annulate,  its  walls  thin ;  pedicel  slender,  yellowish ;  operculum 
rostrate  from  a  conic  base  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  remotely  articulated.  —  Ches- 
ter County,  Pennsylvania,  James.  (Eu.) 

To  p.  648. 

10.  IVIniiim  spimilosum,  Bryol.  Europ.  Hermaphrodite,  caespitose , 
stems  1'-  l£'  high,  radiculose;  lower  leaves  minute,  remote,  reddish,  obovate ; 
upper  leaves  large,  crowded,  bright  green,  decurrent,  broadly  obovate  and  ob- 
long-spatulate,  shortly  acuminate,  with  a  thickened,  doubly  spinulose-dentate 
border;  capsule  oval,  rather  pendulous;  operculum  conic,  shortly  rostrate; 
pedicels  aggregated.  —  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  James.  —  Very 
near  M.  spinosum,  Bryol.  Europ.,  found  in  British  America  by  Drummond,  but 
that  has  a  dioscious  inflorescence.  (Eu.) 

To  p.  655. 

Pilotriclmm  cymbi folium,  n.  sp.  Dioecious;  main  stems  2'-3' 
long,  rhizoma-like,  creeping,  filiform,  sparingly  radiculose,  with  distant  minute 
triangular-lanceolate  leaves,  scarcely  visible  to  the  naked  eye  ;  primary  branches 
rather  slender,  erect,  !'-!£'  long,  simple  or  irregularly  and  pinnately  ramu- 
lose ;  leaves  pale  green,  closely  imbricated  in  5  distinct  spiral  rows,  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  strongly  cymbiform-concave,  their  upper  half  with  the  margins 
serrulate,  recurved  or  platter-edged,  the  point  flat;  costa  percurrent;  areolation 
close,  linear-fusiform,  flexuose ;  the  cellules  at  the  basal  angles  minute-quadrate, 
opaque ;  fertile  flowers  numerous,  paraphysated.  — "  From  a  tree  on  a  hum- 
uiock,  E.  Florida."  ex  herb.  Gray. 

JTIeteorium  1  pendulum,  n.  sp.  Dioecious  (?);  stems  7' - 8'  long, 
divided,  divisions  with  distant  branches,  all  filiform,  pendulous  and  flexile; 
leaves  at  the  base  of  the  branches  broader  and  2-ranked,  elsewhere  narrower  and 
erect-patent  every  way,  all  linear-lanceolate,  tapering  into  a  long  and  slender  ser- 
rulate point,  costate  beyond  the  middle,  papillose  on  the  back ;  the  areolatiou 
close,  linear,  with  a  small  disk  of  minute  quadrate  cellules  in  each  of  the  basal 
angles;  capsule  small,  oblong-oval,  on  a  short  axillary  pedicel  (l"-2"long); 
peristome  double,  the  exterior  16  linear-lanceolate  articulated  teeth,  more  or  less 
fissile  along  the  medial  line ;  the  interior  16  perforated  cilia,  arising  from  a  some- 
what broad  membrane ;  operculum  coniorostellate ;  spores  large ;  perichoeth 
small;  vaginula  emergent;  calyptra  not  seen.  —  Western  Louisiana,  Teinturier, 
Prof.  RidddL  —  A  pale-yellowish  Moss,  with  thread-like  stems  and  branches. 
To  p.  661. 

OTyurclla  Careyaim,  add:  —  Capsule  oval,  with  a  conspicuous  col- 
lum,  inclined,  ainulate  ;  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  nodulose,  operculum  hem- 
ispherical-conic, pedicels  3" -4"  .righ. —  Brattleborough,  Vermont,  Frost. 

Hypnum  palllStre,  L.  (sec  p.  671)  has  also  been  found,  with  the  last, 
ly  Mr.  Frost. 


82  HEPATIC^:.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

ORDER  140.     HEPATICJE.     (LIVERWORTS.*) 

Moss-like  plants,  of  a  loose  cellular  texture,  usually  procumbent,  and  emit- 
ting rootlets  from  beneath ;  the  calyptra  not  separating  from  the  base,  but 
usually  rupturing  at  the  apex,  the  capsule  not  opening  by  a  lid,  containing 
spores  usually  mixed  with  elaters  (which  are  thin  thread-like  cells,  contain- 
ing one  or  two  spiral  fibres).  —  Vegetation  sometimes  frondose,  i.  e.  the 
stem  and  leaves  confluent  into-  an  expanded  leaf-like  mass ;  sometimes 
foliaceous,  when  the  leaves  are  distinct  from,  the  stem  as  in  true  Mosses, 
entire  or  cleft,  2-rankedr  and  often  with  an  imperfect  or  rudimentary  row 
(amphigastria)  on  the  under  side  of  the  stem.  Reproductive  organs  of  two 
kinds,  viz.  antheridia  and  pistillidia,  much  as  in  Mosses  (p.  607),  variously 
situated.  The  matured  pistillidium  forms  the  capsule,  which  is  immersed 
in  or  sessile  upon  the  frond,  or  borne  on  a  long  cellular  pedicel,  or 
attached  to  the  under  side  of  disk-like  peduncled  receptacles,  and  dehiseea 
by  irregular  openings,  by  revolute  segments  at  its  apex,  or  lengthwise  by 
2-4  valves :  a  columella  is  rarely  present.  The  perianth  is  a  tubular 
organ  (sometimes  absent),  enclosing  the  calyptra,  which  is  always  present, 
and  directly  includes  the  pistillidium.  Surrounding  the  perianth  is  the 
involucre  (occasionally  wanting),  also  a  tubular  organ,  or  leaves  of  particu- 
lar forms.  The  antheridia  in  the  foliaceous  species  are  situated  in  the 
axils  of  perigonial  leaves;  in  the  frondose  species^  scattered  within  the 
substance,  or  sessile  upon  the  surface  of  the  frond,  or  immersed  in  sessile 
or  peduncled  disk-like  receptacles. 

Artificial  Analysis  of  the  Genera. 

I.  Vegetation  frondose  (stem  and  leaves  confluent  in  a  frond). 

*  Elaters  and  columella  wanting. 

1.  RICCIA.     Capsule  valveless,  globular.  immersecUn  the  frond.    Involucre  none. 
2   SPEUEROCARPUS.    Capsule  valveless,  globular,  sessile  on  the  frond.    Involucre  sessila. 

*  #  Elaters  none,  or  imperfect :  columella  present. 
b.  ANTHOCEROS.    Capsule  2-valvedT  elongated  linear,,  pedicelled. 
\  NOTOT1IYLAS.    Capsule  2-valved  half-way  down,  sessile  on  the  frond. 
*  *  *  Elaters  with  1  or  2  spiral  fibres :  columella  none. 
•t-  Capsule  opening  irregularly,  nearly  sessile.    Fertile  receptacle  peduncled. 
6.  MARCHANT1A.    Fertile  receptacle  8  -  10-rayed. 

6.  PREISSIA.    Fertile  receptacle  4  -  5  ribbed. 

7.  DUMORTIERA.    Fertile  receptacle  convex,  hairy. 

8.  FEGATELLA.     Fertile  receptacle  conical. 

9.  REBOULIA.     Fertile  receptacle  hemispherical,  4-6  lobed ;  the  lobes  acute. 

10.  GRIMALDIA.    Fertile  receptacle  conical-hemispherical,  4-5  lobed  ;  the  lobes  truncate. 

11.  FBIBRIARIA.    Fertile  receptacle  conical,  tuberculate :  involucre  fringed. 

12   PLAGIOCHASMA.    Fertile  receptacle  minute,  2-4  lobed,  concealed  by  the  ascending  in- 
volucres. 

-i-  -i-  Capsule  opening  regularly  by  4  valves,  pedicelled. 
18.  METZGERIA.    Frond  with  a  midrib,  which  bears  the  fruit  on  its  lower  surface. 

*  By  WILLIAM  S.  SULLIVANT,  Essjp 


IIEPATICJE.     (LIVERWORTS.)  83 

U.  ANEURA     Frond  without  a  midrib,  bearing  the  fruit  underneath  near  th«  margin. 
16.  STEETZIA.     Frond  with  a  midrib,  bearing  the  fruit  on  its  upper  side. 

16.  PELLIA.    Frond  without  a  definite  midrib.    Fruit  dorsal. 

17.  ULAS1A.     Frond  with  a  midrib,  bearing  tbe  fruit  near  its  apex. 

II.  Vegetation  foliaceous  (leaves  and  stem  distinct). 

*  Leaves  suocubous,  i  e.  tbe  apex  of  each  leaf  lying  under  the  base  of  the  succeeding  IM£ 
t-  Amphigastria  present  (except  in  No.  18). 

18.  FOSSOMBRONIA.    Perianth  catnpanulate ;  its  mouth  wide,  undulate. 

19.  GEOCALYX.     Perianth  none  :  involucre  fleshy,  becoming  subterranean. 
20    CH1LOSOYPHUS.     Perianth  obovate,  2  -  3  lobed.     Calyptra  chartaceous. 

21.  PLEUUANTUE.     Perianth  fusiform,  concrete  with  the  calyptra. 

22.  LOP1IOCOLEA.     Perianth  3-lobed,  triangular  ;  the  lobes  crest-toothed. 

28.  SPIIAGNCECETIS.     Perianth  triangular  at  the  apex ;  its  mouth  denticulate. 

24.  J  UN'JEKMANA'H..     Perianth  tubular ;  its  mouth  contracted,  denticulate. 

•*-  -i-  Amphigastria  absent. 

25.  SCAPANIA.    Perianth  compressed  parallel  to  the  stem,  truncate.     Leaves  2-lobed. 

26.  PLAGIOCHILA     Perianth  compressed  contrary  to  the  stem.    Leaves  not  2-lobed. 

27.  SAROOSCYPHUS.    Perianth  and  involucre  united     Leaves  2-lobed. 

28.  GYMXOMITRIUM.    Perianth  wanting.    Leaves  2-lobed. 

•  *  Leaves  incubous,  i.  e.  the  apex  of  each  ieaf  lying  on  the  base  of  tbe  succeeding  leaf     Am* 

phigastria  present  (except  in  No.  32). 

•t-  Leaves  complicate -2-lobed. 

29.  fRULLANIA.     Perianth  keeled  beneath.     Lower  lobe  of  the  leaf  auricnliform. 

30.  LEJEUNI A.    Perianth  terete  or  angular     Lower  lobe  of  the  leaf  plane. 
SI.  MADOTHECA.    Perianth  compressed,  2-lipped 

32.  RADDLA.     Perianth  compressed     Amphigastria  absent. 

33    PTILIDICM.    Perianth  terete.    Leaves  and  amphigastria  ciliate. 

*-  •»-  Leaves  not  complicate  -  2-lobed. 

24   SEXDTNERA.    Perianth  8- or  6-angular;  its  mouth  many -cleft.    Leaves  5  -  6-cteft. 
35.  TRICUOCOLEA     Perianth  none.    Leaves  capillary-many-cleft. 
86    HASTIGOBRYUM.     Perianth  triangular     Stems  flagelliferons. 

37.  LEPIDOZIA.    Perianth  S-plaated ;  its  mouth  denticulate. 

38.  CALYPOGEIA.    Perianth  none.    Involucre  fleshy,  subterranean. 

SUBORDER  L    RICCIACEJE. 

Terrestrial  or  aquatic,  frondose  little  annuals,  with  the  fruit  immersed  in 
the  frond,  or  sessile  upon  it.  No  perianth  nor  elaters.  Capsule  sessile, 
bursting  irregularly. 

1.     RICCIA,    Mich.        FLOATING  LIVERWORT.    (Tab.  20.) 

Fruit  immersed  in  the  frond.  Involucre  none.  Calyptra  coherent  with  tiie 
globose  capsule,  and  crowned  with  the  persistent  style.  Spores  angular.  Inflo- 
rescence monoecious  or  dioecious :  antheridia  imbedded  in  the  frond.  (Named 
after  Rioci,  an  Italian  botanist.) 

*  frond  wit/toid  air-cavities :  terrestrial. 

I.  R.  glaftca,  L.  Frond  somewhat  stellate-lobed ;  its  divisions  liuear- 
obovate,  emarginate-lobcd,  channelled,  dotted,  glaucous,  membranaceous  along 
the  margin.  —  On  moist  ground.  (EuJ 


84  HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

2.  R.  Beyriclliana,  Hampe.    Frond  oblong-linear,  thickened  and  bi- 
fid at  the  apex,  narrowly  channelled  above,  dark  purple  beneath ;  the  margins 
entire,  ascending.  —  Tennessee. 

3.  1C.  l>ii  ii rc;i,    Hoffm.    Frond  suborbicsJar,  pale-green ;  its  divisions 
wedge-shaped,  2-lobed  at  the  apex ;  lobes  spreading,  dotted,  broadly  channelled 
above,  purplish  beneath,  the  thickened  margins  ascending.  —  "North  America-" 
(G.L.fr  N.  Syn.  Hepat.  p.  600.)     (Eu. ) 

#  #  Frond  with  large  air-cavities  :  terrestrial  or  aquatic. 

4.  R.  nutaiis,  L.    Frond  inversely  heart-shaped,  channelled  above  (3"- 
5"  broad),  clothed  beneath  with  long  pendent  rootlets  in  the  form  of  linear-Ian 
ceolate,  serrate,  purple  fringes ;  capsules  in  two  rows,  lengthwise  of  the  frond 

—  Floating  on  the  surface  of  stagnant  water.     (Tab.  20.)     (En.) 

5.  R.  H lli tiliis,  L.    Frond  radiately  expanding  ( 1 '  or  more  in  diameter) ; 
divisions  narrowly  linear,  repeatedly  forking,  nearly  membranaceous ;  at  the 
apex  thickened,  emarginate  and  cavernous ;  capsule  protuberant  from  the  lower 
surface  of  the  frond.  — Floating  on  stagnant  water.     (Eu.) 

6.  R.  luft'scciis,  Schwefn.     Frond  light-green,  orbicular,  !'-!£'  in  di- 
ameter; the  divisions  6-8,  linear,  2-3  times  forking,  channelled  above,  obcor- 
date  at  the  extremity,  thickened,  with  whitish  obliquely-ovate  and  appressed 
scales  beneath.  —  On  the  ground,  margins  of  ponds,  &c.  —  Fruit  unknown. — 
(Sulliv.  in  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  4,  p.  176,  t.  4.) 

7.  R.  crystallina,  L.     Frond  orbicular,  4" -6"  in  diameter;   its  di- 
visions obcordate  or  linear-bifid,  the  margins  subcrenate,  the  surface  broken  up 
by  deep  pits,  communicating  with  the  air-cavities. — Damp  ground.  —  Fruits- 
abundantly.     (R.  velutina,  Hook.  Ic.  PL  1. 149,  is  founded  on  sterile  fronds  of 
No.  6,  and  fertile  fronds  of  No.  7.)     (En.) 

2.     NPIIJERO  CARPUS,  Mich.       ROUND-HEADED  LIVERWORT. 
(Tab.    20.) 

Involucre  sessile  upon  and  continuous  with  the  frond,  obtusely  conical  or 
pyriform,  perforated  at  the  apex,  1 -fruited.  Capsule  globose,  closely  invested 
by  the  calyptra.  Spores  round,  mnriculate.  (Antheridia  in  follicnlose  bodies 
on  the  surface  of  separate  fronds.  Wilson.)  (Name  composed  of  (Tempos,  a 
sphere,  and  Kapnos,  fruit.) 

1.  S.  HI ic In' Hi,  Bellardi.  Frond  orbicular,  3" -6"  in  diameter,  lobed, 
entirely  concealed  by  the  numerous  aggregated  inflated  involucres,  which  are 
about  f  long,  and  4-5  times  larger  than  the  capsules.  (S.  terrestris  of  authors.) 

—  Cultivated  fields,  South  Carolina,  Curtis,  Ravenel.     (Tab.  20.)     (Eu.) 

SUBORDER  II.    ANTHOCEROTE^E. 

Terrestrial,  frondose  annuals,  with  the  fruit  protruded  from  the  upper 
surface  of  the  frond.  Perianth  none.  Capsule  pod-like,  mostly  1-2- 
valved.  Columella  filiform.  Elaters  none  or  imperfect. 


HEPATICJS.     (LIVERWORTS.)  85 

3.    ANTH6CEROS,   Mich.      HORNED  LIVERWORT.     (Tab.  20.) 

Involucre  tubular.  Calyptra  conical,  with  a  subsessile  stigma.  Capsule 
narrowly  linear,  siliquaeform,  2-valved,  exsertly  pedicellcd.  Spores  muriculate. 
Elaters  flexuous,  the  spiral  fibres  imperfect  or  none.  Inflorescence  monoecious  : 
antheridia  dorsal,  sessile  in  a  cup-shaped  involucre.  —  Frond  orbicular-radiate, 
lacerate,  with  immersed  gemmas  as  in  Notothylas.  (Name  formed  of  avdoy, 
a  blossom,  and  Kepas,  a  horn ;  from  the  shape  of  the  involucre.) 

1.  A.  punctatUS,  L.    Frond  deep  green,  5" -8"  in  diameter,  margins 
plicate,  crenate,  the  surface  papulose-reticulated;  involucre  erect,  cylindrical, 
with  a  scarious  and  obliquely  truncate  mouth.  —  Wet  slopes,  sides  of  ditches, 
&c.     (Eu.) 

2.  A.  l;rvis,  L.      Larger  than  the  preceding  species  ;    surface  of  frond 
smooth  ;  mouth  of  the  involucre  more  broadly  scarious.  —  In  similar  places. 
(Tab.  VI.)     (Eu.) 

3.  A.  lacilliatUS,  Schwein.    A  still  larger  species ;  the  frond  more  la- 
ciniatcd,  its  surface  smooth :   distinguished  from  No.  1  and  2  mainly  by  the 
bilobed  mouth  of  its  involucre.  —  Wet  gravelly  places,  Southern  States  :  form- 
ing patches  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter. 


4.    NOTOTHiTL-AS,    Sulliv.        (Tab.    20.) 

Involucre  a  prolusion  of  a  portion  of  the  upper  stratum  of  the  frond,  opening 
irregularly  at  the  apex.  Calyptra  vanishing  early.  Capsule  closely  invested 
by  the  involucre,  oblong-ellipsoidal,  subcompressed  or  ovate-cylindrical,  slightly 
pt'duvlled,  either  2-valved  from  the  apex  half-way  down,  or  rupturing  irregu- 
larly. Columella  linear.  Elaters  wanting.  Spores  roundish,  smooth.  Inflo- 
ri'x-cnci'  monoscious  :  antheridia  immersed  in  the  frond.  —  Frond  orbicular, 
laciniate,  papulose-reticulated,  undulate-crisped  at  the  margin,  and  with  dark 
green  oval  grains  (gemmae)  scattered  within  its  substance.  (Mem.  Amer. 
Acad.  n.  ser.  3,  p.  64,  t.  4.  (Name  formed  of  i/wros,  the  back,  and  tfvXa'y, 
a  purse  or  bag;  from  the  shape  of  the  involucre  and  its  position  on  the  back  of 
the  frond.) 

1.  N.  valvata,  Sulliv.    Frond  3" -8"  wide;  involucre  horizontal-elon- 
gated, tapering-deflexed ;  capsule  ovate-cylindrical,  horizontal-incurved,  2-valved 
bv  a  dark-colored  suture  ;  spores  light  yellowish-brown.     (Muse.  Alleghan.  No. 
289.)  — Moist  ground,  Central  Ohio.     (Tab.    20.) 

2.  IV.  melaii6spora,  Sulliv.     Capsule  often  without  any  suture  ;  colu- 
mella  with  short  hooked  appendages ;  spores  dark  brown,  larger  than  in  the 
preceding,  which  in  other  respects  it  resembles.  —  Grows  in  similar  localities. 
(Muse.  Alleghan.  No.  290.) 

8.  N.  orbicularis,  Schwein.,  Sulliv.  Involucre  nearly  erect;  capsule 
oblong-ellipsoidal,  subcompressed,  the  suture  evident  or  obscure  :  somewhat 
smaller  than  the  others.  —  On  the  ground,  North  Carolina,  Schweinitz:  Penn- 
sylvania, League*  eux. 


8C  HEPATIC^.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

SUBORDER  III.     MARCH  ANTIACE^E. 

Frondose  and  terrestrial  perennials,  furnished  beneath  with  imbricating 
colored  scales,  and  numerous  tubular  radicels  tuberculate  within  ;  recepta- 
cle raised  on  a  peduncle  springing  from  the  apex  of  the  frond  (also  from 
the  back,  in  No.  12),  capitate  or  radiate,  bearing  from  the  under  side  pen- 
dent calyptrate  capsules  which  open  variously,  but  are  not  regularly 
4-valved  :  elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres. 

5.    MARCHANTIA,    L.        BKOOK-LIVEKWORT.     (Tab.  20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  radiated.  Involucres  alternate  with  the  rays,  2-valved, 
lacerate ;  enclosing  3-6  one-fruited  4  -  5-cleft  perianths.  Calyptra  opening  at 
the  apex,  persistent.  Capsule  globular,  pendulous,  exsertly  pedicelled,  duhiscing 
at  the  apex  by  several  revolute  segments.  Spores  smooth.  Elaters  long,  slen- 
der, and  attenuated  at  each  end.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  Sterile  receptacle 
peduncled,  shield-like,  lobed  or  rayed,  papillose  on  the  upper  surface  by  the  sum- 
mits of  the  immersed  antheridia.  Lentil-shaped  gemmae  in  cup-like  receptacles 
on  the  back  of  the  frond.  Frond  expanded,  forking,  with  a  broad  diffused  mid- 
rib. (Named  after  Nicholas  Marchant,  a  French  botanist.) 

1.  M.  polyni6rpha,  L.    Fertile  receptacle  deeply  divided  in  a  star-like 
manner;  the  rays   8-10,  terete.  —  Shaded  and  moist  places;  very  common. 
{Tab.   20.)     (Eu.) 

2.  M.  disjuncta,    Sulliv.  (Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  1.  c.  p.  63,  t.  3.)     Fertile 
receptacle  |-circular,  radiately  7  -  9-lobed ;  the  lobes  cuneate,  crenulate  on  the 
outer  margin ;  sterile  receptacle  digitately  lobed :  about  the  size  of  No.  1 .  — 
Springy  places,  banks  of  the  Alabama  River,  near  Clairbourne :  fruiting  in  May. 

6.     I*  It  El  SSI  A,    Nees.         (Tab.    20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  hemispherical,  2-4-lobed,  with  as  many  rib-like  rays  alter- 
nating with  and  shorter  than  the  lobes.  Involucres  attached  to  the  under  side  of 
the  lobes,  1  -  3-fraited,  opening  beneath  by  an  irregular  line.  Perianth  obconic- 
campanulate,  angular,  unequally  4-5-lobed.  Calyptra  persistent,  opening  ob- 
liquely. Capsule  large,  pedicelled,  dehiscing  by  4-5  revolute  segments.  Spores 
tuberculate.  Elaters  short.  Inflorescence  dioecious,  rarely  monoecious.  An- 
theridia immersed  in  a  peduncled  peltate  receptacle.  Frond  sparingly  forked, 
increasing  by  joints  from  the  apex.  (Named  for  L.  Preiss,  a  German  botanist.) 

1.  P.  commiltata,  Nees.  Fertile  receptacle  somewhat  angled  by  the 
prominent  keel-like  rays ;  capsule  conspicuous,  dark  purple.  —  Shaded,  moist 
places,  Niagara  Falls  (Carey),  Lake  Superior  (Loring),  &c.  (Tab.  20.)  (Eu.) 

7.    DUMORTIERA,    Nees.        HAIRT  LIVERWORT.     (Tab.  20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  convex,  2-8-lobed.  Involucre  1 -fruited,  opposite  to  and 
connate  with  the  lower  surface  of  the  lobes,  horizontal,  oblong,  opening  by  a 
vertical  slit  at  the  outer  extremity.  Perianth  none.  Calyptra  obovatc,  rupturing 


HEPATIC^:.     (LIVERWORTS.)  87 

at  the  apex,  persistent.  Capsule  oblong-globose,  dehiscing  by  4  -  6  irregular 
valves ;  pedicel  short.  Spores  muriculate.  Elaters  very  long,  attenuated  at 
each  end.  Antheridia  immersed  in  short-peduncled  disk-like  receptacles 
{Named  for  B.  C.  Dumortier,  a  Belgian  botanist.) 

1.  I*.  Iiirsula,  Nees.  Dioecious;  frond  4'- 6'  long,  6" -10"  wide,  fork- 
ing, thin,  deep  green ;  fertile  receptacle  and  involucres  and  margin  of  the  male 
disk  hairy;  peduncles  chaffy  at  the  apex.  —  Faces  of  rocks,  Southern  States. 
The  largest  of  our  Marchantiets  :  fruit  rare.  (Tab.  20.) 

8.    FEG  ATELL,  A,  Raddi.        GREAT  LIVERWORT.     (Tab.  20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  conical-mitriform,  membranaceous.  Involucres  5-8,  tubu- 
lar, 1 -fruited,  suspended  from  the  apex  of  the  peduncle,  coherent  with  the  inte- 
rior surface  of  the  receptacle,  and  with  each  other,  opening  at  the  lower  end  by 
a  slit.  Perianth  none.  Calyptra  persistent,  bell-shaped,  2-4  lobed  at  the  apex. 
Capsule  oblong-pyriform,  dehiscing  by  5  -  8  revolute  segments,  deciduous  with 
its  short  pedicel.  Spores  muriculate.  Elaters  short  and  thick.  Inflorescence 
dioecious.  Antheridia  immersed  in  sessile  oval  disks,  near  the  apex  of  the  frond. 
Frond  forking,  conspicuously  reticulated,  with  a  narrow  distinct  midrib.  (A 
personal  name.) 

1.  F.  c6itica,  Corda.  Fronds  3' -6'  long,  5"  -9"  wide.  —  Springy  places. 
Among  the  largest  of  our  Hcpaticae :  seldom  seen  in  fruit.  (Tab.  20.)  (Eu.) 

9.    REBOIILIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  conic-hemispherical  or  flattened,  4  -  5-lobed.  Involucres 
4-5,  1-fruitcd,  opposite  to  and  coherent  with  the  lobes  on  the  under  side,  2- 
valved.  Perianth  none.  Calyptra  minute,  lacerate,  persistent  at  the  base  of  the 
capsule.  Capsule  globose  nearly  sessile,  rupturing  irregularly  at  the  apex. 
Spores  muricate.  Elaters  vnoderately  long.  Inflorescence  monoecious.  Anthe- 
ridia immersed  in  sessile  crescent-shaped  disks.  Frond  rigid  ;  the  midrib  broad, 
strong,  and  distinct.  (Named  for  E.  Reboul,  an  Italian  botanist.) 

1.  B.  IieillisplifErica,  Raddi.     Frond  forking,  and  increasing  by  joints 
from  the  extremities,  green  above,  purple  beneath ;  the  peduncle  bearded  at  its 
base  and  apex  ;  fertile  receptacle  papillose  on  the  summit.  —  Hilly  districts,  in 
shady  moist  places.     (Tab.    20.)     (Eu.) 

2.  R.  microcephala,  Taylor.     Distinguished  from  the  preceding  (of 
which  it  m:iy  l>c  a  form)  by  the  more  delicate  texture  of  the  frond,  and  by  the 
smaller  size  of  all  its  parts,  except  the  peduncle,  which  is  very  long  (3' -4'). 
with  broader  paleae  at  its  base  and  apex.  —  Pennsylvania,  Lesquereux. 

10.    GRIIttALDIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fertile  receptacle  hemispherical  or  conoidal,  3-4-lobed.  Involucres  3-4, 
each  a  detention  of  an  entire  lobe  of  the  receptacle,  and  opening  by  a  cleft 
below,  1-fruitcd.  Perianth  none.  Capsule  globose,  filling  the  involucre,  dehis- 
cing by  a  circumcissile  line  near  the  middle.  Calyptra  persisti-nt  at  the  base  of 
the  capsule.  Spores  rugose,  with  a  transparent  border.  Monoecious  or  dice- 


88  HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

cious.    Anthcridia  immersed  in  imbedded  disks  at  the  apex  of  the  firm  and  rigid 
keeled  frond.     (Named  for  D.  Grimaldi,  an  Italian  botanist.) 

1.  G.  barbifrons,  Bischoff.     Stems  linear-wedge-shaped,  3" -6"  long, 
subdieliotomous,  2-lobed  at  the  apex,  channelled  and  pale  green  above,  with 
whitish  pores  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  purple  beneath ;  peduncle  profusely  palea- 
ceous at  its  base  and  apex ;  monoecious ;  staminate  disks  obcordate.  —  Iowa, 
Dr.  HOT.     (Tab.   21.)       (Eu.) 

2.  G.  SCSSilis,  n.  sp.    Agrees  with  the  preceding,  except  that  it  is  one 
third  smaller;  the  pores  of  the  frond  not  visible;  the  fertile  receptacle  (the  cap- 
sule being  fully  mature)  sessile,  and  entirely  concealed  by  a  dense  mass  of  pur- 
plish palea? ;  antheridia  not  seen.  —  Texas,  C.  Wright. 

11.    FIM BRIARIA,    Nees.        SMALL  LIVERWORT.     (Tab.    20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  hemispherical,  concave  beneath,  expanded  at  the  margin  in- 
to 4  large  and  pendent  bell-shaped  1-fruited  involucres.  Perianth  oblong-oval, 
projecting  half  its  length  beyond  the  rim  of  the  involucre ;  the  projecting  por- 
tion splitting  lengthwise  into  8-12  usually  free,  fringe-like  segments.  Calyp- 
tra  with  a  long  style,  fugacious.  Capsule  sessile,  globose,  dehiscing  by  an  irreg- 
ular circumcissile  line  near  the  middle.  Spores  muricate.  Elaters  rather  short. 
Inflorescence  monoecious.  Antheridia  immersed  in  the  substance  of  the  frond, 
not  collected  into  disks.  Frond  much  thickened  in  the  middle,  with  a  keel-like 
midrib.  (Name  from  Jlmbria,  a  fringe,  alluding  to  the  perianth.) 

1.  F.    tiMlt'Ilcl,    Nees.      Frond  elongated-wedge-shaped,   nearly   simple, 
notched  at  the  end  (6" -10"  long,  2" -4"  wide),  green  above,  purple  on  the 
margins  and  underneath.     (F.  mollis,  Tayl.) — Alleghany  Mountains,  in  shady 
places.     (Tab.   20.) 

2.  F.  elegans,  Spreng.     Much  smaller  than  No.  1 :  remarkable  for  the 
very  prominent  papillae  of  the  fertile  receptacle ;  the  lobes  of  the  perianth  co- 
hering at  the  apex  into  a  short  tube.  —  Texas,  C.  Wright.     (Eu.) 

12.     PL.AGIOCHASMA,    Lehm.  &  Lindenb.        (Tab.  20.) 

Fertile  receptacle  arising  from  the  back  of  the  frond,  deeply  2-4-lobed;  lobes 
ascending.  Involucres  very  large,  subcompressed-ovoid,  erect,  1-fruited,  oppo- 
site to  and  concealing  the  minute  lobes,  2-valved,  dehiscing  by  a  vertical  slit. 
Perianth  none.  Calyptra  fugacious.  Capsule  globose,  subsessilc,  horizontal, 
rupturing  at  the  apex  by  an  irregular  line.  Spores  enveloped  in  a  transparent 
rugose  membrane.  Elaters  of  medium  length.  Antheridia  immersed  in  sessile 
disks  at  the  end  or  in  the  middle  of  the  frond.  Frond  rigid,  thick.  (Name 
composed  of  rrXaytoy,  placed  sideways,  and  ^d(rp.a,  a  chasm,  referring  to  the  lat- 
eral dehiscence  of  the  involucre.) 

1.  P.  Wrightii,  n.  sp.  Frond  5" -10"  long,  l£"- 2"  broad,  continuous 
at  the  apex,  glaucous  above,  with  dark  purple  scales  beneath,  the  margins  cren- 
ulate,  ascending,  convolute;  involucres  usually  three;  peduncle  scarcely  one 
line  liiiih,  paleaceous  at  the  apex  and  base.  —  Under  overhanging  rocks,  along 
streams;  Texas,  C.  Wright.  (Tab.  20.) 


HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.)  89 

SUBORDER  IV.    Jli:\TGEB:JlANi\IACE,E.     SCALE-BOSSES. 

Either  frondose  or  foliaceous :  leaves  when  distinct  2-ranked,  and  often 
with  a  third  row  of  smaller  ones  (amphigastria)  on  the  under  side  of  the 
stem.  Capsule  on  a  cellular  pedicel,  dehiscent  lengthwise  into  4  valves. 

I.  Vegetation  frondose  (stem  and  leaves  confluent  in  a  frond). 

13.    METZGERIA,    Kaddi.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fertile  fructification  arising  from  the  lower  surface  of  the  midrib  of  the  frond. 
Involucre  1-leaved,  scale-like,  at  length  ventricose  and  2-lobed.  Perianth  none. 
Calyptra  ascending,  oblong-obovate,  rather  fleshy.  Capsule  ovate.  Elaters 
with  one  spiral  fibre,  adherent  to  the  tip  of  the  valves.  Inflorescence  dkecious : 
antheridia  1  -3,  enclosed  by  a  1-leaved  involucre  on  the  under  side  of  the  mid- 
rib. Ovate  gemmae  aggregated  on  the  attenuated  tips  of  the  linear  frond:  mid- 
rib distinct.  (Named  for  J.  Metzyer,  a  German  botanist.) 

1.  M.  furcata,  Nees.     Fronds  linear,  thin  and  membranaceous,  forking 
or  proliferous,  with  white  pellucid  hairs  on  the  margins,  and  beneath  on  the 
midrib ;  calyptra  hispid.  —  Hilly  districts,  on  rocks  and  the  bark  of  trees.    (Tab. 
21.)        (Eu.) 

2.  M.  pwbescens,    Kaddi.      Larger  than  the  last,  pubescent  on  both 
surfaces.  —  Mountainous  localities.     (Eu.) 

14.     ANEURA,    Dumortier.        (Tab.   21.) 

Fructification  arising  from  the  under  side  near  the  margin  of  the  frond.  In- 
volucre cup-shaped,  very  short  and  lacerate,  or  none.  Perianth  none.  Calyp. 
tra  ascending,  nearly  cylindrical,  fleshy.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong.  Elaters 
adherent  to  the  apex  of  the  valves,  containing  a  single  broad  spiral  fibre.  Inflo- 
rescence dioecious.  Antheridia  immersed  in  the  upper  surface  of  receptacles 
proceeding  from  the  margin  of  the  frond ;  which  is  fleshy  and  destitute  of  a 
midrib  (whence  the  name,  from  a  privative,  and  vtvpov,  a  nerve). 

1.  A.  SessiliS,  Sprengel?     Fronds  irregularly  lobed  (l'-2'  long,  3"-5" 
wide);  involucre  none ;  calyptra  papillose  at  the  apex;  pedicel  9" -12"  long, 
sometimes  folded  upon  itself  and  remaining  within  the  calvptra,  thus  making 
the  capsule  appear  sessile ;  sterile  receptacles  elongated,  and  tapering  dcflexcd 
processes.     (Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  3,  p.  62,  t.  5.)  —  Rotten  logs,  margins  of 
swamps,  Ohio;  rare  as  high  as  lat.  40;  very  common  in  the  Southern  States. — 
This  may  not  be  Sprengel's  plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  described  as  having 
large  oblong  areola?,  and  the  calyptra  as  being  smooth.     (Tab.  21.) 

2.  A.  pinguis,  Dumort.    Much   like  the   last;   frond   more  linear  and 
simple ;  involucre  short  and  lacerate ;  sterile  receptacles  2-lobed,  lobes  obtuse. 
—  Among  Sphagnum,  in  the  Southern  States  (Schiveinitz) ;  and  in  Ohio.    Fruit 
not  seen.     (Eu.) 

3.  A.  palltliita,  Nees.     Fronds  usually  crowded  (2"-3"  high),  ascend- 
ing, palmately  divided,  the  divisions  linear  and  olitu-c  :  <onictiuic<  prostrate  and 
creeping  extensively;  calyptrl  tuberculate.  —  Rotten  lo-<,  ic. ;  common.    (Eu.l 


90  HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

4.  A.  Illllltkflda,  Dumort.  Fronds  prostrate,  2-pinnately  divided;  «he 
divisions  linear,  narrow ;  whole  plant  brownish-green. — Alleghany  Mountains, 
on  moist,  rocky  banks.  (Eu.) 

15.    STEETZIA,    Lehm.        (Tab.  20.) 

Involucre  at  first  terminal,  arising  from  the  midrib  of  the  frond,  at  length  by 
the  growth  of  the  frond  dorsal,  cup-shaped,  short,  lacerate.  Perianth  elongated- 
tubular;  the  mouth  denticulate.  Calyptra  equalling  the  perianth,  irregularly 
torn  at  the  apex.  Capsule  oval.  Elaters  filiform,  free,  with  two  fibres.  Inflo- 
rescence dioecious.  Antheridia  dorsal  on  the  midrib,  covered  by  minute  fimbri- 
ated  perigonial  leaves.  Frond  with  a  distinct  midrib.  (Named  for  Dr.  J.  Steetz, 
a  German  botanist.) 

1.  S.  Lyellii,  Lehm.  Frond  simple  or  2-cleft,  delicate  in  texture,  oblong- 
linear,  the  margin  slightly  waved,  entire  or  obscurely  serrate  (l'-4'  long,  3"- 
5"  wide).  —  On  the  ground,  in  wet  or  springy  places.  (Tab.  20.)  (Eu.) 

16.     PEL.L.IA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  proceeding  from  the  back  of  the  frond  near  the  apex.  Involu- 
cre cup-shaped,  short ;  the  margin  lacerate.  Perianth  none.  Calyptra  oval, 
membranaceous,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  involucre.  Capsule  globose.  Ela- 
ters long,  free,  with  two  fibres.  Inflorescence  monoecious.  Antheridia  globose, 
immersed  in  the  upper  surface  of  the  broad  indeterminate  midrib  of  the  frond. 
(A  personal  name.) 

1.  P.  epiphylla,  Nees.  Frond  rather  membranaceous,  sparingly  di- 
vided ;  its  divisions  oblong,  somewhat  wedge-shaped,  repand-lobed ;  calyptra 
exserted.  —  Moist,  shady  places,  on  the  ground,  forming  patches  2° -3°  broad. 
(Tab.  21.)  (Eu.) 

17.    BLASIA,    Mich.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  in  an  oval  cavity  in  the  midrib  of  the  frond.  Involucre  none. 
Perianth  a  fusiform  utricle,  vanishing  early.  Calyptra  obovate.  Capsule  oval- 
globose,  bursting  through  the  frond  near  its  apex. '  Antheridia  immersed  in  the 
frond  and  covered  by  dentate  scales.  Gemmae  globose,  issuing  by  a  slender  as- 
cending tube  from  their  large  flask-like  receptacles,  which  are  immersed  in  the 
frond.  —  (A  personal  name.) 

1.  1$.  plisilla,  L.  Frond  7"- 12"  long,  2"-3"  wide,  linear-obovate, 
simple  or  forked,  or  stellately  expanded,  the  margins  pinnatifidlv  sinuous.  —  On 
the  ground,  sides  of  ditches,  &c.,  New  York.  (Tab.  21.)  (Eu.) 

II.  Vegetation  foliaceous  (i.  e.  leaves  and  stem  distinct). 
»  Leaves  succubous ;  the  apex  of  each  leaf  lying  under  the  base  of  the  next 

18.    FOSSOMBRONIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  21.) 

Perianth  terminal,  or  by  innovation  dorsal  on  the  main  stem,  subcampanulate ; 
the  mouth  large,  crenate-lobed.  Involucral  leaves  5-6,  minute,  subulate,  co- 


HEPATKLE.     (LIVERWORTS.)  91 

herent  with  the  perianth.  Calyptra  pear-shaped,  rupturing  early.  Capsule  glo- 
bose, irregularly  4-valved.  Elaters  short,  eontaining  two  or  three  spiral  fibres. 
Antheridia  naked,  borne  on  the  back  of  the  stem,  which  is  prostrate,  and 
either  simple  or  forked,  with  somewhat  quadrate  3-5-lobed  undulate  flaccid 
leaves.  (A  personal  name.) 

1.  F.  pusilla,  Nees.  Stem  6" -10"  long,  thick;  perianths  conspicuous. 
—  Moist  places  on  the  ground :  mostly  Southern.  (Tab.  21.)  (Eu.) 

19.    OEOCAL.YX,   Nees.        (Tab.  21.) 

Perianth  none.  Involucre  oblong,  saccate,  truncate,  fleshy,  attached  by  one 
side  of  its  mouth  to  the  stem,  pendent.  Calyptra  membranaceous,  partly  con- 
nate with  the  involucre.  Capsule  oblong.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  An- 
theridia on  spike-like  lateral  branches,  in  the  axils  of  small  perigonial  leaves. 
(Name  formed  of  yea,  the  earth,  and  KaXu|,  flower-cup ;  from  the  fructification 
becoming  subterranean.) 

1.  G.  graveoleilS,  Nees.  Leaves  ovate-quadrate,  2-toothed  (light- 
green);  amphigastria  oval-lanceolate,  2-cleft  to  the  middle;  perianth  subterra- 
nean. —  On  the  ground,  rotten  logs,  &c.  (Tab.  21.)  (Eu.) 

20.    CIIILOSC1  PHI  S,    Corda.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  terminal  upon  a  short  lateral  branch.  Involucral  leaves  2-6, 
different  from  and  smaller  than  the  stem-leaves.  Perianth  usually  short,  deeply 
2-3-cleft.  Calyptra  globose,  or  somewhat  club-shaped,  slightly  chartaceous, 
often  longer  than  the  perianth,  rupturing  irregularly  at  the  apex.  Capsule  oval. 
Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Perigonial  leaves  like  the  cauline,  concealing  an- 
theridia  in  their  saccate  dorsal  bases.  Stem-leaves  decurrent  on  the  back  of  the 
stem ;  rootlets  proceeding  only  from  the  base  of  the  deeply  2-cleft  amphigastria. 
(Name  formed  of  ^tXds,  herbage,  and  <r»cv<£of,  cup;  in  allusion  to  the  herba- 
ceous calyptra.) 

1.  C.  polyanthos  Corda.     Stems  procumbent ;  leaves  ovate-quadrate ; 
involucral  leaves  2,  slightly  2-toothed ;  perianth  3-lobed,  the  lobes  short  and 
nearly  entire.  —  Rocks,  &c.     (Eu.) 

2.  C.  asccndens,  Hook.  &  Wils.     Stems  prostrate;  leaves  ascending, 
roundish-oblong,  slightly  emarginate;  involucral  leaves  2,  two-cleft;  perianth 
2-3-lobed  ;   the   lobes   long  and    irregularly  lacerate-toothed.     (C.   laliiatus, 
Taylor.)  —  On  rotten  logs,   &c.  —  A  large    species,   with  pale-green    foliage. 
(Tab.  21.) 

3.  C.  Driimni6iulii,  Tayl.  (inLond.  Jour.  Bot.  1846.)    Densely  caespi 
tose;  stems  branching,  prostrate  (the  gemmiferous  ones  ascending,  attenuated) ; 
leaves  erect-patent,  oblong,  2-cleft;  amphigastria  ovate,  acute,   connate  with 
the  adjacent  pair  of  leaves ;  perianth  oblong,  inflated,  bifid  and  subcompressed 
at  the  mouth,  gibbous  at  the  ventral  base,  terminal  on  short  naked  branches ; 
involucral  leaves  3-4,  laciniate,  scale-like :  a  small  species.  —  "  Bark  of  trees, 
North  America,  Drummond." 


92  HEPATIC^E.     (LIVEUWORTS.) 

91.     PLEURANTIIE,    Tayl.         (Tab.  21.).) 

Fructification  lateral.  Involucral  leaves  3,  minute,  scale-like,  2-3-cleft. 
Perianth  elongated-fusiform,  arising  from  the  lower  side  of  the  stem,  fleshy, 
solid  and  rooting  at  the  base,  membranaceous  above ;  the  mouth  compressed 
or  triquetrous,  2-3-cleft,  lacerate.  Calyptra  concrete  with  the  perianth,  except 
at  its  apex.  Capsule  oval.  Elaters  with  2  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  unknown. 
Leaves  2-lobed  or  emarginate.  Amphigastria  lanceolate,  entire.  (Name  from 
7T\fvpd,  the  side,  and  dvdds,  a  flower ;  the  perianth  being  lateral.) 

1.  P.  Olivacea,  Tayl.  Grows  in  close  olive-green  mats;  stems  creep- 
ing, 2" -3"  long,  mostly  simple,  rooting  profusely;  leaves  rotund-oblong,  up- 
wardly secund ;  pedicel  4"  -  5"  high :  a  small  species,  the  perianth  dispropor- 
tionately large. —  North  America,  Drummond.  (Tab.  21.) 

22.     LOP  HO  CO  LEA,    Nees.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  terminal  on  the  main  stem  or  primary  branches.  Involucral 
leaves  2-4,  large.  Perianth  tubular  below,  acutely  3-angular  above,  3-lobed ; 
the  lobes  tooth-crested.  Calyptra  short,  membranaceous,  circumcissile  at  the 
base,  or  rupturing  irregularly  at  the  apex.  Capsule  oblong.  Elaters  with 
two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  in  the  saccate  bases  of  perigonial  leaves.  Stem- 
leaves  decurrent  on  the  dorsal  side  of  the  stem,  flaccid,  2  -  several-cleft  at  the 
apex.  Amphigastria  2-4-divided;  the  divisions  more  or  less  incised.  (Name 
composed  of  \6<pos,  a  crest,  and  KO\«OS,  a  sheath;  from  the  crested  calyptra.) 

1.  L.  bidcntata,  Nees.     Stems  ( 1 '  -  2'  long)  prostrate,  sparsely  branched ; 
kaves  pale  green,  ovate-triangular,  spreading,  2-toothed  at  the  apex ;  the  teeth 
oblique,  acute,  with  a  crescent-like  sinus ;  amphigastria  minute,  about  4-cleft, 
the  segments  entire.  —  Moist  places,  among  Mosses.     (Eu.) 

2.  L.  lif'teropliylla,  Nees.     Stems  much  branched,  ascending ;  leaves 
ovate,  subquadrate,  semi-vertical,  entire,  retuse,  and  bidentate  on  the  same  stem ; 
amphigastria  large,  2-cleft,  the  segments  slightly  dentate.  —  On  decayed  logs, 
and  among  Mosses.     (Tab.  21.)       (Eu.) 

23.    SPHAGNffiCETIS,Nees.   PEAT  SCALE-MOSS.  (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal,  upon  a  short  proper  branch  arising  from  the  ventral 
side  of  the  stem.  Involucral  leaves  small,  few,  incised.  Perianth  ascending, 
terete.  3-angled  at  the  apex  ;  the  mouth  denticulate.  Calyptra  membranaceous. 
Capsule  oblong.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Inflorescence  monoecious : 
antheridia  in  the  axil  of  the  minute  perigonial  leaves  of  pendent  proper  branches. 
Stem  leaves  orbicular.  Gemma?  collected  in  heads  upon  the  attenuated  tips  of 
the  branches.  Amphigastria  none,  except  upon  the  gemmiferous  branches. 
Stems  furnished  with  runner-like  rootlets.  (Name  composed  of  20aywr,  Peat' 
Moss,  and  Kom'y,  a  little  bed;  from  its  place  of  growth.) 

1.  S.  ro  in  in  fin  is,  Nees.  Stems  creeping  ;  leaves  elliptical-orbicular 
entire,  ascending.  (Jungermannia  Sphagni  of  authors.) — Upon  moss  and  de- 
cayed wood.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 


HEPATIC.E.     (LIVERWORTS.)  93 

24.    JUNGERJWAIVNIA,    L.        SCALE-MOSS.     (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal  on  the  main  stem,  or  on  a  short  branch.  Involucral 
leaves  free,  like  or  ur.like  the  stem-leaves.  Perianth  tubular,  moie  or  less  an- 
gled; the  mouth  laciniate.  Calyptra  included,  rarely  projecting.  Capsule 
globose  or  oval.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  in  the  base  of  in- 
flated perigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves  entire,  or  2  —  many-lobed.  (Dedicated  to 
Ju  tiger  mann,  a  German  botanist  of  the  17th  century.) 

*  Leaves  and  amphigastria  alike,  2-4-parted. 

1.  J.  trichophylla,  L.     Stems  flaccid,  T>ranched;   leaves  and  amphi- 
gastria 3-4-parted;  the  divisions  straight,  spreading,  bristle-form,  each  com- 
posed of  a  single  row  of  tubular  cells ;  fruit-bearing  branch  lengthened ;  perianth 
nearly  cylindrical,  contracted  and  toothed  at  the  mouth.  —  Decayed  wood,  &c. 
—  A  minute,  pale-cobred  species.     (Eu.) 

2.  J.  setacea,  Weber.     Leaves  and  amphigastria  2-3-cleft;  the  divis- 
ions incurved,  each  composed  of  two  rows  of  cells  ;  fruit-bearing  branch  short ; 
mouth  of  perianth  ciliate.  —  On  the  ground,  &c.  —  Smaller  than  No.  1,  brownish- 
colored.     (Eu.) 

*  #  Leaves  2-cleJi  or  (from  No.  7-11)   2-6-c/e/b  amphigastria  none,  except  in 
No.  7  and  8. 

3.  J.  COlinivens,  Dickson.      Stems  creeping,  flexuous;   leaves  nearly 
orbicular,  with  a  broad  decurrent  base,  distant,  a  little  wider  than  the  stem,  2- 
cleft  to  £  or  J  of  their  length,  the  sinus  obtuse ;  segments  acute,  connivent ; 
areolation  large ;  involucral   leaves  3  -  5-cleft ;   perianth  slender,   the  mouth 
lacerate-ciliate.  —  On  rotten  wood.     (Tab.  21.)       (Eu.) 

4.  J.  CUi'Vifolia.  Dickson.     Fruit-bearing  branch   short;  stems  creep- 
ing ;  leaves  imbricated,  ascending,  nearly  orbicular,  inflated  at  the  ventral  base, 
Innately  2-cleft ;  the  segments   long-linear,   inflexed ;  involucral  leaves  erect, 
2  -  3-cleft,  serrate ;  perianth  narrow,  plaited-triangular,  the  mouth  denticulate.  — 
Rotten  logs,  &c.     (Eu.) 

5.  J.  bicilSpidata,  L.     Fruit-bearing  branch  short;  stems  loose,  pro- 
cumbent ;  leaves  distant  or  crowded,  half  vertical,  ovate,  a  little  wider  than  the 
stem,  2-cleft  to  the  middle,  the  sinus  obtuse ;  segments  acute ;  involucral  leaves 
spreading  at  the   apex,   2 -5-cleft,  repand-serrulate ;   perianth   elongated,   the 
mouth  denticulate.  —  A  small  and  common  species.     (Eu.) 

6.  J.  divaricata,  Engl.  Bot.    Fruit-bearing  branch  elongated;  stems 
prostrate,  rigid,  thick ;  leaves  distant,  spreading,  rather  fleshy,  equalling  the 
stem  in  diameter,  oblong,  the  sinus  and  segments  acute ;  involucral  leaves  nu- 
merous,  imbricated,   2-3-cleft,   serrulate;   perianth  oval,  plaited  above;   the 
mouth  membranaceous,  denticulate.    (J.  byssacea  of  authors.)  — Among  Mosses 
and  on  decayed  woods.  —  A  minute,  dark  green  species.     (Eu.) 

7.  J.  setifdrmis,  Ehrhart.      Stems  erect  or  ascending,  and,  with  the 
leaves,  terefe-sulcate ;  leaves  toothed  at  the  base,  3-4-cleft;  the  lobes  chan- 
nelled, ovate-oblong,  acute;  amphigastria  ciliate-toothed  at  the  base,  deeply 
2rcleft,  with  lanceolate  segments ;  perianth  oval,  plaited.  —  Alpine  regions  of 
the  White  Mountains,  Oakes.     (Eu.) 


94  HEPATIC.E.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

8  J.  barbflta,  Schrebcr.  Stems  procumbent,  sparingly  branched ;  leaves 
roundish-quadrate,  3  -  5-lobed,  the  sinuses  obtuse  and  undulate ;  lobes  obtuse, 
acute,  or  mucronulate,  variously  directed  ;  amphigastria  (when  present)  broad, 
entire  or  2-toothed ;  perianth  angularly  plaited  to  near  the  apex,  the  mouth  den- 
ticulate.—  Hilly  districts,  on  the  ground,  rocks,  &c. :  variable.  (Eu.) 

9.  J.  UI  ichauxii,  Weber.     Stems  ascending,  flexuous  by  repeated  inno- 
vations from  below  the  summit ;  leaves  crowded,  erect-spreading,  rather  saccate 
at  base  and  quadrate,  2-cleft,  the  sinus  narrow ;  the  lobes  acute,  incurved ;  ex- 
terior involucral  leaves  large,  serrulate,  the  inner  smaller ;  perianth  oval,  rather 
club-shaped,  the  obtuse  apex  plaited,  the  mouth  fringed. — Alleghany  Moun 
tains.     (Eu.) 

10.  J.  incisa,  Schrader.     Stems  prostrate,  thick,  rather  flat,  rooting  co- 
piously ;  leaves  densely  crowded,  somewhat  quadrate,  waved,   2  -  6-cleft,  the 
segments  unequal ;  perianth  oval  or  obovate,  the  mouth  plaited,  denticulate.  — 
Damp,  shaded  places,  on  the  ground.  —  A  small,,  pale  green  species.     (Eu.) 

11.  J.  intermedia,  Lindenberg.    Stems  prostrate, almost  simple;  leaves 
roundish-quadrate,  2-cleft ;  the  upper  ones  crowded  into  heads,  and  3-4-clcft; 
involucral  leaves  3  -  4-cleft,  slightly  serrate,  connate  at  the  base  ;  perianth  short, 
ovate-triangular,  the  mouth  plaited,  denticulate.  —  On  the  ground.  —  A  small 
species.     (Eu.) 

*  *  *  Leaves  nearly  orbicular,  undivided;  amphigastria  different  or  obsolete. 

12.  J.  SClltata,  Weber.     Stems  procumbent;  leaves  half  vertical,  emar- 
ginate-2-toothed ;  the  teeth  straight  and  acute;  involucral  leaves  2- 3-toothed; 
amphigastria  large,  ovate-triangular,  1  -  2-toothed  on  the  margin  near  the  base ; 
perianth  obovate,  the  mouth  plaited,  denticulate.  —  Old  logs,  &c.  —  A  minute 
species.     (Eu.) 

13.  J.  Schraderi,  Martius.     Stems  creeping,  flexuous ;  leaves  elliptical- 
orbicular,  ascending;  outer  involucral  leaves  large,  elongated, 'entire  or  emargi- 
nate,  spreading  at  the  apex ;  the  inner  smaller,  more  or  less  laciniated ;  amphi- 
gastria obsolete ;   perianth  oval-obovate ;   the  mouth  plaited-lobed,   its   lobea 
ciliate.      (J.  orbicularis,  Michx.t}  —  Decayed  logs,  &c.  ;   common.  —  Foliage 
often  dark  purple.     (Eu.) 

14.  J.  Taylori,  Hook.     Stems  erect,  nearly  simple;   leaves  orbicular, 
with  large  areolse ;  amphigastria  broadly  subulate ;  perianth  oval,  compressed 
at  the  mouth,  truncate  and  2-lobed.  —  Bogs ;  mountains  of  New  England.  —  A 
large  species,  with  purple  foliage.     (Eu.) 

15.  J.  cremilata,  Smith.     Stems  prostrate,  branched ;  leaves  orbicular, 
ascending,  those  towards  the  perianth  larger  and  bordered  by  large  marginal 
cells  ;   perianth   obovate,   compressed-4-angled,  the    mouth  much   contracted, 
toothed.  — Margins  of  ditches,  Mobile,  Alabama.     (Eu.) 

*  *  *  *  Leaves  unequally  complicate-2-hbed  (i.  c.  folded  together)  :  the  involucral 
ones  3  -  5-cleft :  perianth  oblong,  obtuse,  plaited. 

16.  J.  CXSeCta,  Schmidel.     Stems  ascending;  dorsal  lobe  of  the  leaves 
small,  acute;  ventral  lobe  concavj,  acute  or  2-toothed.  —  Boggy  places,  decayed 
wood,  &c.     (Eu.) 


HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.)  95 

17.  J.  obtusifolia,  Hook.     Stems  ascending,  simple ;  lobes  of  the  leaves 
oblong,  obtuse  or  acute,  minutely  denticulate,  the  ventral  scymitar-shaped  ;  the 
dorsal  smaller,  oblique.  —  Dry,  hilly  situations,  on  the  ground.     (Eu.) 

18.  J.  albicans,  L.     Stems  ascending :  the  dorsal  lobe  of  the  leaf  ovate, 
the  ventral  larger,  oblong-ovate,  scymitar-shaped,  both  with  a  broad  pellucid 
line  in  the  middle ;  perianth  obovate,  cylindrical,  the  mouth  plicate-dentate.  — 
Moist  banks,  in  hilly  districts.     (Eu.) 

25.     SCAPANIA,    Lindenberg.        (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal.  Involucral  leaves  2,  larger  than  the  cauline.  Peri- 
antn  compressed  parallel  to  the  plane  of  the  stem,  the  mouth  entire  or  ciliate- 
toothed.  Calyptra  membranaceous.  Capsule  oval.  Elatcrs  with  2  spiral  fibres. 
Anthcridia  in  the  angles  of  small  and  saccate  equally  2-lobed  perigonial  leaves. 
Stem-leaves  complicate  -  2-lobed ;  the  dorsal  lobe  smaller.  Amphigastria  none. 
(Name  probably  from  o-Kcnravr),  a  shovel;  from  the  shape  of  the  lobes  of  the 
leaves.) 

1.  S.    nemorosa,    Nees.      Stems  ascending,   crowded;   leaves  ciliate- 
toothed,  each  lobe  convex,  obtuse ;  the  ventral  obovate,  oblique,  twice  as  large 
as  the  other.  —  Common  on  moist  banks,  &c.  —  A  variable  species,  £'  to  3'  long, 
pale  yellow,  green,  or  purple :  texture  of  the  leaf  rather  firm.     (Eu.) 

2.  S.  vndulata,  Nees  &  Montagne.    Leaves  ciliate-denticulate  or  entire, 
loose,  spreading ;  lobes  rounded-trapezoidal,  the  upper  half  the  size  of  the  lower, 
except  at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  where  they  are  equal ;  of  thin  and  flaccid  tex- 
ture (green  or  purple.) —  Mountainous  districts.     (Tab.  22.)         (Eu.) 

3.  S.  breviflora,  Tayl.  (in  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  1846.)     Stems  ascending; 
leaves  dentate,  deeply  2-lobed,  lobes  rotund-triangular,  the  upper  one  much 
smaller,  springing  from  the  plane  of  the  lower  near  its  dorsal  margin ;  perianth 
obconic,  plicate,  compressed,  shortly  4-laciniate  and  dentate  at  its  mouth,  its 
narrow  base  surrounded  by  lanceolate,  serrate  scales ;  involucral  leaves  long  as 
the  perianth.  —  Near  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Watson. 

26.     PL,  AOIOC  HI  L,  A,   Nees  &  Montagne.     (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal  or  lateral.  Involncral  leaves  2,  larger  than  the  cauline. 
Perianth  compressed  at  right  angles  to  the  plane  of  the  stem ;  the  mouth  trun- 
cate, entire  or  ciliate-toothed.  Calyptra  membranaceous.  Capsule  oval.  Ela- 
ters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  covered  by  small  and  ventricose-imbri- 
catcd  perigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves  with  the  dorsal  margin  decurrent  and  re- 
flexed,  often  turned  to  one  side  (whence  the  name,  from  irXdyios,  sideways,  and 
XtXoj,  herbage). 

*  Amphigastria  none :  orifice  of  the  perianth  toothed-ciliate. 

1.  P.  spinulosa,  Nees  &  Montagne.     Stems  creeping,  the  branches  as- 
cending ;  leaves  remote,  oblique,  spreading,  obovate-wedge-shaped ;  the  dorsal 
margin  entire,  the  ventral  and  the  apex  spinulose-toothcd ;  perianth  lateral.  — 
Banks  of  rivulets,  Alleghany  Mountains.     (Eu.) 

2.  P.  asplenioides,  Nees  &  Montagne.    Leaves  somewhat  imbricated, 

G.M.  7 


9fi  HEPATIC-E.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

oblique,  spreading,  roundcd-obovate,  entire  or  denticulate ;  perianth  terminal.  — 
Grows  with  No.  1.     (Eu.) 

*  *  Amphigastria  fugacious,  2-3-cleft. 

3.  P.  pordloides,  Lindenbcrg.     Stems  divided;  the  branches  ascend- 
ing ;  leaves  rather  imbricated,  convex-gibbous,  rounded-obovate,  those  at  and  near 
the  summit  of  the  stem  repand-denticulate,  the  others  entire ;  perianth  oblong, 
the  mouth  denticulate.  —  Among  Mosses,  at  the  base  of  trees  in  swamps. 

4.  P.    nmcrdstoiliii,    Sulliv.       Stems    prostrate,   rooting    copiously, 
branched;  branches  not  ascending;   leaves  nearly  oval,  horizontal,  entire  or 
slightly  repand ;  perianth  broadly  obconic,  the  mouth  compressed,  margin  re- 
pand;    amphigastria  lanceolate,  2-3-cleft. — Moist  banks  and  decayed  logs, 
Ohio.     (Tab.  22.) 

5.  P.  Lilldoviciana,  Sulliv.     Main  branches  ascending,  flexuous,  spar- 
ingly ramulose ;  leaves  patent-divergent,  semi-ovate,  2  -  3-dentate  at  the  apex, 
their  ventral  margins  decurrent  and  forming  two  parallel  crest-like  lines  on  the 
under  side  of  the  stem,  the  dorsal  margins  reflexed  and  entire,  the  ventral  spinu- 
lose-dentate  ;    amphigastria  deeply  2  -  3-cleft,  the  segments  ciliate-dentate.  — 
Bark  of  trees,  Louisiana. 

6.  P.  linditta,  Sulliv.     Resembles  the  last;  but  is  more  rigid,  with  sim- 
ple branches ;  leaves  horizontal,  triangular-ovate,  obtuse,  emarginate,  or  sparing- 
ly dentate  at  the  apex,  the  dorsal  margins  reflexed  and  entire,  the  ventral  repand- 
undulate  and  forming  crest-like  lines  as  in  No.  4;  amphigastria  2-eleft,  the  seg- 
ments dentate.  —  Shaded  rocky  banks  of  the  Savannah  River,  Georgia. 

27.     SARCOSCYPHUS,    Corda.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  terminal.  Involucral  leaves  united  nearly  to  the  top  into  an 
oblong  tube.  Perianth  4-6-toothed,  connate  (except  the  teeth)  with  the  inte- 
rior surface  of  the  involucral  leaves.  Calyptra  membranaceous.  Capsule  glo- 
bose. Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  in  the  saccate  base  of  perigo- 
nial  leaves.  Stems  erect,  producing  from  their  base  runner-like  rootlets.  Stem- 
leaves  2-lobed.  Amphigastria  none.  (Name  composed  of  <rdp£,  flesh,  and 
(TKv(f)os,  a  cup;  from  the  fleshy  tubular  involucre.) 

1.  S.  Elirliarti,  Corda.  Leaves  erecj-spreading,  rather  quadrate,  em- 
bracing the  stem  by  the  broad  base ;  lobes  obtuse.  —  On  mountains.  — Plant  of 
a  firm  texture,  dark  green  or  brownish-purple.  (Tab.  21.) 

28.     GYMNOUIITRIUM,    Corda.        (Tab.  21.) 

Fructification  terminal.  Involucral  leaves  2-4,  convolute,  emarginate.  Peri- 
anth none.  Calyptra  short.  Capsule  globose.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres. 
Antheridia  obovate,  axillary.  Stem-leaves  2-lobed.  Amphigastria  none. 
(Name  from  yvfivos,  naked,  and  pYpioj>,  a  little  cap ;  the  calyptra  not  covered  by 
a  perianth.) 

1.  Cr.  <'<>  lie  in  ii  fit  it  ill,  Corda.  Stems  erect,  filiform,  brittle,  sparingly 
branched ;  branches  thickened  at  the  apex,  obtuse ;  leaves  densely  imbricated, 
ovate,  with  a  narrow  membranaceous  margin.  —  Alpine  regions  of  the  White 


HEPATIC.E.     (LIVERWORTS.)  97 

Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  Oakes.  —  A  small  species,  growing  in  compact 
masses,  of  a  whitish  or  silvery  hue.     (Eu.) 

•  *  Leaves  incubous ;  the  apex  of  each  leaf  lying  on  the  base  of  the  next. 

29.    FRULLANIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal  on  proper  branches.  Involucral  leaves  2  or  4,  two- 
lobed,  not  auriculate.  Perianth  oval  or  obovate,  terete  or  3-4-angled,  mucro- 
natc  at  the  apex  by  a  tubular  mouth.  Pistillidia  2  or  4.  Calyptra  pear-shaped1, 
persistent,  rupturing  below  the  apex.  Capsule  globular,  4-cleft  half-way  down. 
Elatcrs  truncate  at  both  ends,  with  one  spiral  fibre,  adherent  to  the  valves,  erect. 
Spores  large,  irregular,  minutely  muricate.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  Anthe- 
ridia  in  the  saccate  base  of  closely  imbricated  2-lobed  perigonial  leaves.  Stem- 
leaves  2-lobed ;  the  lower  lobe  usually  an  inflated  helmet-shaped  appendage  (au- 
ricle). Amphigastria  entire  or  2-toothed,  throwing  out  rootlets  from  their  base. 
(A  personal  name.) 

1.  F.  Gray  ana,  Montagne.      Stems  creeping,  simply  pinnate;  leaves 
nearly  orbicular,  concave,  decurved,  marked  in  the  middle  by  a  necklace-form 
line ;  auricle  oblong-club-shaped,  emarginate  at  the  lower  end ;  involucral  leaves 
unequally  2-cleft ;  the  dorsal  segment  oblong,  pointed,  nearly  entire,  the  ventral 
awl-shaped ;  amphigastria  oblong,  flat,  2-cleft,  the  sinus  obtuse ;  perianth  pear- 
shaped,  3-sided,  obtusely  keeled  beneath.  —  On  trees  and  rocks ;  frequent.  —  Fo- 
liage glossy,  van-ing  from  deep  purplish-brown  to  dark  green.     (Tab.   22.) 

2.  F.  Tamarisci,  Nees.     Near  No.  1 ;  distinguished  by  its  more  rigid 
habit ;  bipinnate  ramification ;  serrulate  involucral  leaves ;  and  differently  shaped 
amphigastria  with  revolute  margins.  —  A  variety  only  of  this  species  is  attributed 
to  this  country,  with  obtuse  leaves,  expanded  auricles,  and  plane  amphigastria. 
(G.L.fr  N.  Syn.  Hepat.)     (En.) 

3.  F.  Druinmdndii,  Tayl.     Stems  sparingly  branched ;  leaves  reddish, 
lax,  patent,  oblong,  obtuse ;  auricles  decurved ;  amphigastria  minute,  oblong, 
bifid  ;  perianth  ovate  from  a  narrow  base,  retuse  at  the  apex. — Bark  of  trees, 
Louisiana.  —  A  small  species. 

4.  F.  Carolilliana,  Sulliv.    Stem  6"  -12"  long,  rather  wide,  irregularly 
branched  ;  leaves  closely  imbricating,  oval-rotund  ;  auricle  small,  elongated,  dis- 
tant from  the  stem,  with  a  style  interposed;  amphigastria  ovate-rotund,  double 
the  width  of  the  stem,  bifid,  its  segments  rcpand  :  perianth  pyriform,  plane 
above,  obtusely  carinate  beneath.  —  Trees,  North  Carolina,  near  the  coast. 

5.  F.  IIiitcliiiisitE,  Nees.     Steins  (l'-2'  long,  about  1"  broad)  subpin 
natcly  branched ;  leaves  dark  olive-green  verging  on  black,  ovate,  acute,  den- 
tate-serrate ;  amphigastria  roundish,  plane,  bifid,  subserrate,  perianth  oblong-obo- 
vate,  plane  above,  keeled  beneath.  —  On  stones,  in  mountain  rivulets  of  the 
Southern  States.     (Eu.) 

6.  F.  "Virginica,    Lehm.      Stems  creeping,   vaguely  branched;  leaves 
nearly  ovate,  entire,  concave,  the  auricle  sometimes  expanded  into  a  lanceolate 
lamina;  amphigastria  round-ovate,  double  the  width  of  the  stem,  2-cleft ;  peri-' 
anth  pear-shaped,  rather  compressed,  tuberculate,  4-keeled  beneath,  2  -  4-kecled 


98  HEPATIC^:.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

on  the  back,  the  keels  crested.     (F.  dilatata,  Muse.  Alkghan.  No.  267,  partly.)  — 
Eocks  and  trees ;  common. 

7.  F.  EboracciiSiS,  Lehm.     Stems   creeping,  fasciculately  branched; 
stem-leaves  loosely  disposed  (the  rameal  imbricated),  round-ovate;  amphigastria 
ovate,  a  little  wider  than  the  stem ;  perianth  smooth,  pear-shaped,  slightly  com- 
pressed and  rcpand,  beneath  obtusely  keeled  and  gibbous  near  the  apex.     (F. 
microscypha,  laeviscypha,  &  nana,  Tat/lor.) — Bark  of  trees;  common. 

8.  F.  saxfj tills,  Lindenberg.    Near  the  last,  but  separated  by  its  pinnate- 
ly  branched  and  more  rigid  stems,  more  crowded  leaves,  much  larger  amphigas- 
tria, and  shorter  perianth.  —  Trees,  Massachusetts. 

9.  F.  plana,   Snlliv.    (in  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  1.  c.)      Resembles  No. 
7,  but  is  a  somewhat  larger  species ;  the  auricle  very  small,  close  to  the  stem, 
and  covered  by  the  plane  rotund  acutely  bifid  amphigastria,  which  are  thrice 
the  width  of  the  stem ;  perianth  oblong-oval,  or  nearly  obovate,  plane  above, 
carinate  beneath.  —  Rocks;  East  Tennessee. 

10.  F.  aeolotis,  Nees.    Not  unlike  No.  8 ;  leaves  semi-vertical,  subsquar- 
rose,  obliquely  cordate,  the  auricle  usually  expanded  into  a  lanceolate  lamina ; 
perianth  unknown.  —  Grows  in  spongy  masses  on  decayed  logs,  stumps,  &c. ; 
common. 

30.    EEJEUNIA,    Libert.        (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  lateral  or  terminal,  on  proper  branches.  Involucral  leaves  2, 
deeply  2-lobed.  Perianth  oval  or  obovate,  terete  or  angular,  winged  or  ciliate- 
crested  on  the  angles,  the  mouth  3  -  4-lobed ;  pistillidium  single.  Calyptra  obo- 
vate, persistent,  rupturing  below  the  apex.  Capsule  globose,  membranaceous, 
pale,  4-clcft  to  the  middle.  Elaters  persistent,  adherent  to  the  tips  of  the  valves, 
erect,  the  upper  end  truncate-dilated,  with  a  single  spiral  fibre.  Spores  large, 
irregular.  Inflorescence  dioecious.  Antheridia  on  proper  branches,  lodged  in 
the  ventricose  base  of  imbricated  2-lobed  perigonial  leaves.  Amphigastria  present. 
(Named  for  Ijejeune,  a  French  botanist.) 

*  Amphigastria  entire. 

1.  Li.  Clypeata,  Schweinitz.     Stems  (7"- 10"  long)  procumbent,  some- 
what pinnatelv  branched ;   leaves    (whitish-green,  of  a  firm  texture)  with  the 
upper  lobe  ro-und-obovate   and   deflexed,  the  lower  oblong,  quadrate;  amphi- 
gastria orbicular,   approximate  ;    perianth    lateral,    sessile,   obovate,    obtusely 
keeled  on  the  back,  2-keeled  beneath,  the  margin  subcompressed.  —  Alleghany 
Mountains.     (Tab.  22.) 

2.  Li.  loiigiflora,  Tayl. !     Closely  resembles  the  last  species,  but  has 
leaves  of  a  more  membranaceous  texture,  and  a  5-winged  perianth.  —  On  trees, 
Southern  Ohio  to  Florida. 

3.  Li.  calyculata,  Tayl.     Stems  entangled,  branched;   leaves  patent- 
recurved,  oblong,  obtuse,  subdeflexed ;  the  lower  lobe  involute,  lanceolate ; 
amphigastria  rotund ;  perianth  axillary,  rather  exsertcd,  obcordate,  4-winged, 
•the  wings  entire;  involucral  leaves  narrow,  acute.  —  On  lichens;  Alleghanj 
Mountains. 


HEPATICJS.     (LIVERWORTS.)  99 

4.  L.  cyclostipa,  Tayl.     Stems  (5" -7"  long)  branched;   leaves  pale 
green,  patent-recurved,  oblong,  obtuse ;  the  lower  lobe  quadrate-ovate,  involute, 
I -toothed ;  amphigastria  renifonn-rotund ;  perianth  terminal,  obcordate,  com- 
pressed, plane  above,  ventricose-4-winged   beneath,  the  wings  ciliate,  the  cilia 
dentate ;  involucral  leaves  nearly  covering  the  perianth.  —  Bark  of  trees,  near 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

5.  JL.  polyphylla,  Tayl.     Stems  casspitose  (3"-4"  long) ;  leaves  olive- 
green,  semi-cordate ;   lower  lobe  involute,   lanceolate ;    amphigastria  minute, 
reniform ;  perianth  immersed,  rotund-obovate,  5  -  6-angled  near  the  apex,  the 
angles  dentate-crested.  —  Habitat  same  as  the  last.     ( We  have  not  seen  speci- 
mens of  No.  3  and  5  :  the  descriptions  are  from  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.,  1846.) 

6.  I*,  aiii'iculiita,  Hook.  &  Wils.     Grows  in  dark  green  patches;  stems 
.V  -  8"  long ;  leaves  closely  imbricating,  scymitar-shaped,  complicate  and  some- 
what 2-lo')ed  at  the  base;  amphigastria  obovate-rotund,  emarginate;  perianth 
obovate-triangular.  —  Bark  of  trees,  Louisiana. 

7.  L.  testlldinea,  Tayl.     Stems  5" -7"  Ion,?;  leaves  whitish-green,  very 
closely  imbricating,  patent-divergent,  oblong,  almost  scymitar-shaped,  obtuse, 
complicate-2-lobed  at  the  base  ;  the  lobe  small,  lanceolate ;  amphigastria  rotund, 
minute  compared  with  the  leaf.  —  Bark  of  trees,  Southern  Ohio. 

*  *  Amphigastria  2-cleft,  or  obsolete. 

8.  Li.  scrpyllifolia,  Libert.     Stems  vaguely  branched ;  leaves  with  the 
upper  lobe  roundish-ovate,  convex ;  the  lower  much  smaller,  obliquely  ovate,  in- 
volute; amphigastria  rounded,  2-cleft,  its  segments  obtuse;  perianth  obovate, 
acutely  5-angled.  —  On  moist  rocks  and  trees,  Alleghany  Mountains.  —  A  small 
pale-green  species,  with  transparent  and  loosely  reticulated  leaves.     (Eu.) 

9.  L<.  CUCllllata,  Nees.      Stems  filiform,   rather    pinnately  branched  ; 
leaves  oblong-ovate,  distant,  the  lower  margin  inflexed-hooded ;  amphigastria 
oval,   2-cleft;  perianth  obovate,  rather  compressed,  obtusely  keeled  beneath, 
convex  on  the  back  and  2-keeled  near  the  apex.     (L.  lucens,  Tayl.) — Moist 
rocks,  near  the  ground,  Alleghany  Mountains.  —  A  minute,  flaccid  species,  with 
light  pea-green  foliage. 

10.  Li.  miimtissima,   Dumort.     Stem  creeping,  sparingly  branched; 
leaves  vertical,  subrotund,  imperfectly  2-lobed,  the  lower  lobe  an  indistinct  fold ; 
amphigastria  obsolete;  perianth  terminal,  compressed,   5-anglcd ;   the   mouth 
obtuse,  papillose.  —  Roots  of  trees.  —  Small  as  No.  9.     (Eu.) 

11.  Li.  calcarca,  Libert.       Stems   loosely  and  divaricately  branched; 
leaves  ovate,  pointed,  decurved,  ccllulose-echinate,  inflexcd  at  the  base,  saccate ; 
amphigastria  oblong,  2-cleft ;  perianth  pear-shaped,  with  5  crested  wings.  —  On 
roots  of  trees,  Ohio.  — A  very  minute  species,  scarcely  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
(Eu.) 

31.    MADOTHECA,  Dumortier.    TREE  SCALE-MOSS.   (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  lateral,  nearly  sessile.  Involucral  leaves  2  or  4,  two-lobed. 
Perianth  ovate,  biconvex ;  the  mouth  2-lipped,  incised  or  entire.  Calyptra  glo- 
bose, persistent,  rupturing  below  the  apex.  Capsule  globose.  Elaters  free,  at- 


/OO  HEPATIC^:.     (LIVERWORTS.) 

tenuated  at  both  ends,  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Spores  large,  rather  angular. 
Inflorescence  dioecious.  Antheridia  in  the  saccate  base  of  closely  imbricated  2- 
lobed  pcrigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves  deeply  and  unequally  2-lobed.  Amphi- 
gastria large,  decurrent.  (Name  formed  of  paSos,  bald,  and  6f)Kr),  capsule;  the 
elaters  falling  away  from  the  valves.) 

1.  M.  platyphylla,  Dumort.     Stems  irregularly  2-pinnate  or  nearly  so ; 
dorsal  lobe  of  the  leaf  roundish-ovate,  the  basal  margin  more  or  less  undulate ; 
the  ventral  lobe  smaller,  oblique,  heart-oval,  margins  reflexed ;  amphigastria 
round-obovate  with  reflexed  margins ;  month  of  perianth  nearly  entire.  —  Trees 
and  rocks,  common ;  a  large  and  variable  species.     (Tab.  22.)         (Eu.) 

2.  M.    porclla,    Nees.      Stems  2-3-pinnate   (2' -4'  long),  the  forked 
branches  divergent;  leaves  distantly  placed;  the  dorsal  lobe  oblong-ovate,  ob- 
tuse ;  the  ventral  much  smaller,  appressed  to  the  stem,  oblong,  flat ;  amphi- 
gastria quadrate;  mouth  of  the  perianth  crenulate.  —  Stones  and  roots  of  trees 
subject  to  inundation.     (Eu.) 

3.  M.  Wataugensis,  (n.  sp.)    Much  like  No.  2,  btrt  a  smaller  and 
more  delicate  species,  with  fascicles  of  rootlets  springing  from  the  base  of  the 
amphigastria,  and  the  dorsal  lobe  of  the  leaf  slightly  repand-dentate ;  foliage 
light  yellowish-brown  :   no  fruit  seen.  —  Closely  adhering  to  decayed  logs ; 
banks  of  the   Watauga  River,  North   Carolina.      (M.  porella,   var.  1   Muse. 
Alleghan.  No.  265.) 

32.    RADULA,    Nees.        (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal  on  short  branches,  or  in  a  fork.  Involucral  leaves  2, 
deeply  2-lobed.  Perianth  compressed  or  nearly  terete;  the  mouth  dilated.  Ca- 
lyptra  pear-shaped,  persistent,  opening  below  the  apex.  Capsule  oval.  Elaters 
attenuated  at  both  ends,  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Spores  large,  globose.  Inflo- 
rescence monoscious.  Antheridia  in  the  ventricose  base  of  minute  pcrigonial 
leaves.  Stem-leaves  2-lobed,  the  small  inflexed  ventral  lobe  producing  rootlets. 
Amphigastria  none.  (Name  from  paSaXos,  pliant,  because  these  are  mostly 
flaccid  plants.) 

1.  R.  COmpIanata,  Dumortier.     Stems  flat,  irregularly  and  somewhat 
pinnately  branched,  flaccid ;  leaves  imbricated ;  dorsal  lobe  roundish ;  the  ven- 
tral much  smaller,  triangular-ovate,  appressed;  perianth  oblong,  compressed, 
the  mouth  truncate  and  entire.  —  A  large  pale-green  species ;  growing  in  orbic- 
ular patches  on  the  bark  of  trees,  &c.     (Eu.) 

2.  R.  obconica,  Sulliv.     Stems  indeterminately  branched;  leaves  dis- 
tantly placed ;  dorsal  lobe  obovate-roundish,  convex ;  perianth  clavate-obconic, 
the  mouth  obliquely  truncate  and  entire.    (R.  complanata,  var.  ?  Muse.  Alleghan. 
No.  260.) — Trees,  Cedar  swamps,  Ohio.  —  Much  smaller  than  the  last;  well 
marked  by  the  shape  of  its  perianth.     (Tab.  22.) 

3.  R.  pallens,  Nees.     Stems  rigid,  divaricately  fork-brancheil ;   leaves 
imbricated ;  dorsal  lobe  roundish,  decurrent,  the  ventral  lobe  with  an  inflexed 
apex  ;  perianth  elongated  funnel-form,  the  mouth  entire.  —  Old  logs,  &c.,  Alia- 
ghany  Mountains. 


HEPATIC^E.     (LIVERWORTS.)  /Ol 

33.     PTILIDIUIfl,    Nees.      FRINGED  SCALE-MOSS.     (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal  on  short  branches.  Involucral  leaves  2-4,  four-cleft. 
Perianth  terete,  obovate ;  the  mouth  connivent,  plaited,  denticulate.  Calyptra 
pear-shaped,  coriaceous.  Capsule  ovate.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  In- 
florescence dioecious.  Antheridia  covered  by  closely  imbricated  perigonial 
leaves.  Stem-leaves  compIicate-2-lobed,  each  lobe  divided.  Amphigastria  4  — 
5-lobed.  (Name  a  diminutive  of  ITTI\OV,  a  downy  feather ;  from  the  cut-fringed 
foliage.) 

1.  P.  ciliare,  Nees.  Stems  crowded,  somewhat  pinnate;  leaves  (4-cleft) 
and  amphigastria  both  lacerately  ciliate,  the  fringe  long  and  setaceous.  —  llotten 
logs,  in  woods.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 

34.     SENDTN£RA,    Endl.        (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal.  Involucral  leaves  numerous,  incised,  free  or  connate 
at  the  base.  Perianth  tubular,  deeply  many-cleft.  Calyptra  chartaceous.  Cap- 
sule globular.  Elaters  free,  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  upon  proper 
branches  in  the  axils  of  ventricose  perigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves  2  -  5-cleft  or 
entire.  Amphigastria  2  -  many-cleft.  (Named  for  0.  Sendtner,  a  German  bot- 
anist.) 

1.  S.  juniperina,  Nees.  Stems  erect,  nearly  simple,  slender,  elongated"; 
leaves  and  amphigastria  almost  alike,  oblong,  curved  and  one-sided,  2-cleft  to 
the  middle,  the  lobes  lanceolate.  —  High  mountains. — Plant  rigid,  reddish- 
brown.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 

35.    TRICHOCOLEA,  Nees.  DOWNY  SCALE-MOSS.  (Tab.  VHX) 

Fructification  situated  in  a  fork.  Involucral  leaves  numerous,  coalescent  into 
an  oblong  and  truncate  coriaceous  hairy  tube,  concrete  with  the  calyptra.  Peri- 
anth none.  Capsule  oblong.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres,  free.  Antheridia 
on  the  upper  side  of  the  stem  in  the  axil  of  leaves.  Leaves  palmately  divided ; 
the  divisions  laciniate.  Amphigastria  present.  (Name  composed  of  6pi£,  hair, 
nnd  KoAto'f,  a  sheath;  from  the  hairy  involucre.) 

1.  T.  Toincntella,  Nees.  Stems  forked,  2 - 3-pinnately  branched; 
divisions  of  the  4-5-divided  leaves  capillary-many-cleft;  amphigastria  seta- 
ceously  many-cleft.  —  Moist  places,  in  large  patches.  —  Foliage  pale  green,  soft- 
hairy.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 

36.      niASTIGOBRYUUI,     Nees.         GREAT    SCALE-MOSS. 
(Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal,  on  short  proper  branches,  arising  from  the  axils  of  the 
amphigastria.  Involucral  leaves  small,  narrow,  acutely  incised  at  the  apex. 
Perianth  elongated,  3-angular,  the  mouth  3-toothed.  Calyptra  membranaceous. 
Capsule  globose.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  on  short  branche* 
from  the  axils  of  the  amphigastria,  two  in  the  axil  of  each  perigouial  leaf.  Stem- 


'02  HEPATIC-E.       (LIVERWORTS.) 

leaves  usually  3-toothcd  at  the  apex.    Stems  flagelliferous  (whence  the  name, 
from  fj.dcm£,  a  whip  or  lash,  and  ftpvov,  Moss). 

1.  M.  trilolmtuiii,  Nees.    Leaves  ovate,  antrorsely  gibbous  at  the  dor- 
sal base,  broad  and  acutely  3-toothed  at  the  apex ;  amphigastria  4  -  6-toothed, 
the  teeth  denticulate.  —  On  the  damp  ground,  Alleghany  Mountains  and  north- 
ward.    Stems  3' -5'  long;  the  foliage  firm,  varying  from  olive-green  to  brown- 
ish-yellow.    (Tab.     22.)       (Eu) 

2.  M.  tridciitictilatiiiii,  Lindenb.     Scarcely  distinct  from  the  pre 
ceding :  described  as  having  oblong,  obtuse,  shorter,  less  oblique,  and  less  con. 
cave  leaves,  with  minute  and  often  obsolete  teeth :  its  habitat  (swamps  of  the 
Southern  States)  is  different. 

3.  M.  deflcxillBl,  Nees.     Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  the  dorsal  mar- 
gin arched,  the  narrow  apex  2  -3-toothed  or  entire ;  amphigastria  2-cleft,  crenate 
or  entire. — Rocky  places.  —  Variable;  much  smaller  than  the  last,  fragile,  of  a 
dark  brownish  hue.  —  M.  denudatum  and  M.  ambiguum,  G.  L.  $•  N.  Synop. 
Uepat.,  are  probably  forms  of  this  species.     (Eu.) 

37.     LEPIDOZIA,    Nees.      CHEEPING  SCALE-MOSS.  (Tab.  22.) 

Fructification  terminal,  on  short  proper  branches  arising  from  the  under  side 
of  the  stem.  Involucral  leaves  numerous,  small,  broad,  2-4-toothed  at  the 
apex.  Perianth  elongated,  obtusely  3-plaited,  the  mouth  denticulate.  Calyptra 
membranaceous.  Capsule  globose.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia 
on  short  spike-like  branches,  arising  from  the  under  side  of  the  stem,  singly 
lodged  in  the  base  of  conduplicate  2-3-cleft  perigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves 
4-toothed  or  4-parted.  Amphigastria  present.  (Name  from  \tm86o),  to  covet 
with  scales ;  in  allusion  to  the  scale-like  foliage.) 

1.  Li.  reptans,  Nees.  Stems  creeping,  pinnately  compound  or  decom- 
oonnd  ;  leaves  decurved,  quadrate,  acutely  3  -  4-toothed ;  amphigastria  3-4 
cleft.  —  Hilly  districts,  on  the  ground.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 

38.    CAL.YPOGEIA,    Raddi.        (Tab.  22.) 

Perianth  none.  Involucre  oblong,  saccate,  truncate,  fleshy,  hairy,  attached 
by  one  side  of  its  mouth  to  the  stem,  pendent.  Calyptra  membranaceous,  partly 
connate  with  the  involucre.  Capsule  oblong,  twisted ;  the  valves  narrow  and 
contorted.  Elaters  with  two  spiral  fibres.  Antheridia  on  short  lateral  capitate 
branches,  one  in  each  of  the  scale-like  perigonial  leaves.  Stem-leaves  entire  or 
2-toothed.  Amphigastria  2-cleft.  (Name  compounded  of  *dXv£,  JJower-cup, 
viro,  under,  and  yaia,  the  ground;  from  the  position  of  the  fructification.) 

1.  C.  Tricliomaiiis,  Corda.  Leaves  roundish-ovate,  obtuse,  spread- 
ing, imbricated;  perianths  imbedded  in  the  soil.  —  Moist  or  springy  places,  on 
the  ground,  —  Foliage  delicate,  pale  glaucous-green.  (Tab.  22.)  (Eu.) 


ADDITIONS   AND   CORRECTIONS. 


Page  12. 

8.  sphagnum  sedoldes,  Brid.— The  form  mentioned  under  this  species 
has  been  found  by  Mr.  James,  in  Ethan  Pond,  Willey  Mountain,  New 
Hampshire. 

Page  19. 

4.  Campf  lopus  viridis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  (Muse.  Bor.-Amer.,  No.  72.) 
Closely  caespitose;  stems  ascending,  mostly  simple;  leaves  erect-patent 
(when  dry  tortuous),  lanceolate-subulate,  very  fragile. — In  woods,  on  decayed 
logs,  New  England  to  Ohio. — A  dark-green  species,  resembling  Dicranum 
interruptum,  remarkable  for  its  fragile  leaves,  which  are  seldom  found  un- 
broken. 

Page  24. 

8.  Fissidens  exfgnns,  Sulliv. —Of  this  species,  No.  39,  Fissidens 
bryoides,  and  No.  40,  Fissidens  bryoides,  van,  of  Drummond's  2d  Coll.  of 
American  Mosses,  are  probably  large  forms.  The  bordering  of  its  leaf  is 
variable. 

3b.  Fissidens  synoicus  (n.  sp.). — Hermaphrodite;  stems  simple,  in- 
clined, 3"-6"  long;  leaves  12-14,  oblong-lanceolate,  oblique,  shortly  acu- 
minate, bordered  except  at  the  denticulate  apex,  the  blade  shorter  than  the 
duplicature,  the  dorsal  wing  vanishing  above  the  base ;  costa  continuous ;  cap- 
sule terminal,  oval-oblong,  erect;  operculum  rather  long-rostrate. — San  Mar- 
cos, Texas,  WriffM.—A.  small  species,  distinct  by  its  whitish-green  leaves  with 
a  close  areolation,  regular  erect  capsule,  and  hermaphrodite  inflorescence. 

Page  31. 

2.  Syrrhopodon  Terftnns  (n.  sp.).  Stems  about  V  high,  simple; 
upper  leaves  pale  green,  serrated,  ligulate,  straight  (tortuous  when  dry),  spread- 
ing from  a  subciliate-dentate  sheathing  base,  canaliculate,  surrounded  except 
near  their  point  by  a  narrow  pellucid  border  of  linear  cellules  ;  areolatiou  of 


104 


ADDITIONS    AND   CORRECTIONS. 


the  sheathing  portion  composed  of  large  oblong  hyaline  cellules,  which  else- 
where are  very  minute,  subquadrate,  opaque,  and  papillose ;  costa  stout,  terete, 
percurrent,  spinulose  on  its  upper  surface,  often  (the  lamina  being  reduced  or 
nearly  obsolete)  bearing  on  its  apex  a  dense  roundish  cluster  of  numerous 
oval-oblong  6  -  7-articulated  bodies. —San  Marcos,  Texas,  Wright.—  Sterile 
plant  only  known  :  it  may  be  a  Calymperes. 


3*>.  Schistidinm  Agassfzii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  (Muse.  Bor.-Amer., 
No.  137.)  Near  S.  confertum ;  but  distinguished  by  its  blackish,  shining,  denser 
tufts ;  narrower,  longer,  and  Ungulate  leaves,  with  an  obtuse  dentate  apex ; 
and  an  elongated  exserted  perichaeth. — Wet  rocks,  northern  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  Agasste. 

Page  54. 

3<>.  Fontinftlis  Novae- Angliae  (n.  sp.)  Dioecious?  stems  G'-HX  long, 
divided  from  near  the  base  into  pinnately  ratnulose  divisions;  branchlets 
numerous,  equidistant,  I'-IJ'  long,  at  right  angles  to  the  stem;  leaves  (the 
cauline  twice  as  large  as  the  ramuline)  erect-patent,  rather  distant  or  loosely 
incumbent,  evenly  concave,  ovate  or  elongated-ovate,  acute  or  slightly  obtuse, 
eerrated  at  the  apex,  auriculate  and  narrowly  decurrent  at  the  base,  the  areolse 
minute,  linear  (their  length  about  seven  times  their  width),  acute  at  each  end, 
those  near  the  summit  much  shorter  and  nearly  rhombic,  those  of  the  auriculae 
large,  oblong,  pellucid,  colored ;  perichaetia  on  various  parts  of  the  plant ; 
perichaetial  leaves,  capsule,  peristome,  and  calyptra  as  in  F.  biformis,  Sulliv  — 
In  rivulets,  Massachusetts,  Oakes,  James:  Rhode  Island,  Olney:  Connecticut, 
D.  C.  Eaton.  Stems  reddish.  Foliage  clear  shining  green. 

Our  specimens  are  sterile,  except  those  received  from  Mr.  James  since  the 
foregoing  pages  were  printed.  F.  Novae-Angliae  is  a  rather  large  species, 
quite  distinct  from  any  before  described,  excepting  F.  biformis,  the  vernal  state 
of  which  it  very  closely  resembles,  and  to  which  some  sterile  specimens  col- 
lected near  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  by  Mr.  Eaton,  were  erroneously  referred 
on  page  54.  The  two  species  differ  from  each  other  as  follows :  In  numerous 
specimens  of  F.  Novae-Angliae  (those  from  Mr.  James  collected  in  August), 
there  is  no  indication  of  a  second  growth  of  differently  shaped  leaves,  such  as 
repeated  observations  during  several  years  have  shown  to  exist  in  F.  biformis. 
The  first  species  has  a  pinnate,  the  second  a  fasciculate,  ramification,  with  leaves 
(in  the  vernal  state)  one  half  larger ;  their  subflexuous  areolae  have  a  length  only 
twice  or  thrice  their  width,  and,  being  very  obtuse  at  each  end,  are  suggestive 
of  the  name  sphaffnifolium,  given  to  one  of  the  forms  of  the  species  by  Mullcr. 
F.  Novae-Angliae  appears  to  be  a  more  prolific  species ;  some  of  the  specimens 
exhibiting  fructification  in  all  stages  of  growth,  from  the  minute  flower-buds, 
cuspidate  by  the  exserted  styles  of  their  two  archegonia,  and  lodged  in  the  axils 
of  nearly  every  leaf  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  plant,  to  the  mature  capsules 
of  the  present  and  the  decayed  ones  of  the  preceding  season.  In  the  other 
species  the  capsules  are  very  rare,  and  found  only  near  the  base  of  the  stem : 
besides  their  opercula  are  longer.  The  peristome,  usually  supplying  good  dis 


ADDITIONS   AXD   CORRECTIONS.  105 

tinctivc  marks  in  this  genus,  is  (as  with  F.  antipyretica  and  F.  squamosa)  of  no 
account  in  distinguishing  the  two  species  under  notice. 

In  all  the  North  American  species  of  Fontinalis,  and  also  in  F.  squamo- 
sa,  L.  (which  has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  ascertained  to  be  a  native  of  this 
country),  the  leaves  have  auricles  at  their  base,  with  an  enlarged  pellucid 
areolation.  The  sporules  in  all  are  of  about  the  same  diameter,  namely  1T  of 
aline. 

4.  F.  dfsticha,  Hook  &  Wils.  Fine  fruiting  specimens  collected  by 
Mr.  James  in  Saco  River,  Crawford  Notch,  of  the  White  Mountains,  New 
Hampshire,  and  sterile  specimens  found  in  Rhode  Island  by  Mr.  Olney,  indi- 
cate for  this  species  (heretofore  deemed  peculiarly  southern)  an  unexpected 
northern  range. 

Page  59. 

3b.  L£skea  nervosa,  Myrin. — Sterile  specimens  collected  on  the  White 
Mountains  by  the  late  Mr.  Oakes,  and  at  Trenton  Falls,  New  York,  by  Mr. 
James,  appear  to  belong  to  this  species. 

Page  64,  under  Pylaisaeeae. 

Pterigynandrum  filifurme,  Hedw.  —  Dio3cious ;  stems  slender  and 
with  the  fasciculate  filiform  branches  arcuate-prostrate,  villous,  stolonifer- 
ous ;  leaves  erect-patent,  somewhat  imbricated  (appressed  when  dry),  often 
subsecund,  elliptical  and  obovatc-spatulate,  suddenly  short-acuminate,  con- 
cave, serrate  above,  papillose  on  the  back,  shortly  bicostate,  or  unicostate 
half-way ;  areolation  quadrate  at  the  basal  angles,  rhombic  at  the  apex,  else- 
where linear-flexuous ;  capsule  oblong,  erect,  long-pedicellate ;  operculum  ros- 
tellate,  with  a  conic  base;  annulus  narrow,  fragmentary;  peristome  small; 
teeth  narrow-lanceolate,  incurved,  pale  yellow,  remotely  5- 6-articulated,  with 
alternate  cilia  short  and  fugacious ;  calyptra  dimidiate,  large,  extending  to  the 
base  of  the  capsule ;  perichaetial  leaves  lanceolate,  erect,  sheathing,  hyaline, 
ecostate. — On  rocks  and  trunks  of  trees,  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire, 
James. — A  small  casspitose  species,  with  thread-like  branches,  and  greenish  or 
yellowish  lustreless  foliage. 

Page  69. 

ISb.  Ilypnum  pilfferum,  Schreb.  Dioecious;  stems  procumbent, 
extended,  divided,  subpinnately  ramulose,  the  branchlets  attenuated;  leaves 
loosely  imbricating,  ovate-oblong,  very  concave,  suddenly  contracted  into  a 
long  flexuous  hair-point,  serrulate  above  the  slender  costa,  vanishing  about 
half-way ;  capsule  oblong,  arcuate,  annulate ;  operculum  as  long  as  the  cap- 
sule; calyptra  large;  pedicels  rough. — On  the  ground  in  dense  woods,  New 
England  to  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio. — A  large  species,  with  pale-green  and 
shining  leaves. 


ERRATA. 

Page  54,  line  11  from  bottom,  and  page  55,  line  13,  for  "Z>.  E.  Eaton"  read 
'£.  C.  Eaton.1' 
Page  56,  line  12  from  bottom,  for  "  Dychelyrna "  read  "  Dichelyma." 


INDEX. 


N.  B — Synonymes,  and  the  names  of  Genera  and  Species  incidentally  mentioned,  are  in  Italics. 


ACAULON  (Sect.),  Mull. 
Amblystegium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 
Amblysteglum  serraturn,  Br.  Eur. 

PAGE 
15 

77 
78 

Barbula  convoluta,  Hedw. 
mucronifolia,  Br.  &  Sch. 
mnraiis,  Timm. 

PAGE 

27 
27 
80 

Anacamptodon,  Brid. 

62 

muralis,  James, 

28 

splachnoides,  Brid. 
Andrsea,  Ehrh. 

62 
13 

papillosa,  Wils. 
ruralis,  Hedw. 

27 
27 

crassinervia,  Bruch. 

13 

squarrosa,  Notaris, 

27 

petrophila,  Ehrh. 

13 

tortuosa,  W.  &  M. 

27 

Bothil  W.  &.  M. 

13 

unguiculata,  Hedw. 

27 

rupestris,  Turn. 

13 

Bartramia,  Hedw, 

48 

rupestris,  Hedw. 

13 

calcarea,  Br.  &  Sch. 

49 

Aneura,  Dumort. 

89 

fontana,  Brid. 

49 

multitida,  Dumort. 

90 

Ithyphylla,  Brid. 

49 

palmata,  Nees, 

89 

Marchica,  Brid. 

49 

pinguis,  Dumort. 
sessilis,  Spreng.  ? 

89 
89 

Muhlenbergii,  Schwaegr. 
(Ederi,  Swartz. 

49 
49 

Anisodan  tenuirostris,  Br.  Eur. 

60 

pomifonnis,  Hedw. 

49 

Anomodon,  Hook  &  Tayl. 

58 

radicalis,  Beauv. 

50 

apiculatus,  Br.  &  Sch. 

58 

Blasia,  Mich. 

90 

attenuatus,  Hub. 

58 

pusilla,  Linn. 

90 

longifolius,  Hartm. 
obtusifolius  Br.  &  Sch. 

58 
58 

Brachythecium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 
Bruchia,  Schwaegr. 

75 
16 

?Toccoae,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
?tristis,  Cesati, 

58 

58 

Beyrichiana  Hampe, 
brevifolia,  Sulliv. 

17 
17 

viticulosus,  Hook  &  Tayl. 

58 

brevipes,  Hook. 

17 

Anthoceros,  Mich. 

85 

flexuosa,  Schwaeer. 

17 

laciniatus,  Schwein. 

85 

Hampeanea.  U.  Mull. 

17 

laevis,  Linn. 

85 

Ravenelii,  Wils. 

17 

punctatus,  Linn. 

85 

Vogesiaca,  var.  Hook.  &  Wils. 

17 

Antitrichia,  Brid. 

57 

Bryum,  Br.  &  Sch. 

43 

curtipendula,  Brid. 

57 

alpinum,  Linn. 

45 

Aphauorhegma,  Sulliv. 

52 

annotinum,  Hedw. 

44 

serrata,  Sulliv. 

52 

argenteum,  Linn. 

45 

Archidium,  Brid. 

14 

atropurpureum,  W.  &  M. 

46 

Ohioense,  Schimp. 

14 

bimum,  Schreb. 

45 

phascoides,  Sulliv. 

14 

caeespiticium,  Linn. 

46 

Arctoa,  Br.  &  Sch. 

19 

capillare,  Hedw. 

46 

fulvella  Br.  &  Sch. 

19 

cernuum  Hedw. 

45 

Astomum  (Sect.),  Hampe. 

16 

crudum,  Schreb 

44 

Atrichum,  Beauv. 

40 

cucullatum,  Schwaegr. 

44 

Angustatum,  Beauv. 

46 

Duvalii,  Voit, 

45 

crispum,  James, 

41 

elongatum,  Dicks. 

44 

undulatum,  Beauv. 

40 

intermedium,  Brid. 

46 

Aulacomnion,  Schwaegr. 

43 

Lescurianumr  Sulliv. 

44 

androgynum,  Schwaegr. 

43 

nutana,  Schreb. 

44 

heterostichum,  Br.  &  Sch. 

43 

pallescens,  Schwsegr. 

46 

palustre,  Schwaegr. 
turgidum,  Schwaegr. 

43 
43 

psendo-triquetrum,  Schwaegr. 
pyriforme,  Hedw. 

45 
44 

Barbula,  Hedw. 

26 

roseum,  Schreb. 

46 

asraria,  Hedw. 
caespitosa,  Schwaegr. 

80 
27 

UDpaineam,  Ludwig, 
torqueoceusr  Br.  &  Sch. 

46 
46 

108 


INDEX. 


Bryum  turbinatum,  Hedw. 
uiiginosum,  Br.  &  Sch. 

45  !  Dicranum  congestum,  Brid.               23 
46          debile.  Hook  <te  Wils.                   21 

Wahlenbergh,  Schreb. 

45 

Drummondii,  Mull.                     23 

Buxbauuiai,  Holler, 
aphylla,  Haller, 

89 

40 

elongatum,  Schwaegr.                  23 
flagellare,  Hedw.                          22 

Calliergon  (Sect.),  Sulliv. 
Calypogeia,  Raddi, 
Tricliomanis,  Corda, 

72 
Uti 
102 

glaucum,  Hedw.                             23 
•  gracilescens,var.tenellum,  B.  E.  20 
heteromallum,  Hedw.                  21 

Campylium  (Sect.),  Sulliv. 

77 

interruptum,  Br.  &  Sch.              22 

Campylopus,  Brid. 

19 

longifolium,  Hedw.                      22 

flexuosus,  Brid. 

19 

montanum,  Hedw.                        22 

Leanus,  Sulliv. 

19 

pallidum,  Br.  Eur.  ?                 .    23 

leucotrichus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 

19 

palustre,  Brid.                                22 

viridis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
Catheriniii  undulata  End. 

103 

40 

polycarpum,  Ehrh.                       20 
rufescens,  Turn.                            21 

Ceratodon,  Brid. 

28 

Schraderi,  W.  &  M.                      22 

purpureus,  Brid. 

23 

Bcoparium,  Linn.                          22 

Chiloscyphus,  Corda, 
asc^ndeus,  Hook  &  WUs. 

1)1 
91 

spurium,  Hedw.                            23 
Starkii,  W.  &  M.                          21 

Drummondii,  TayL 

91 

subulatum,  Hedw.                        21 

labiatus,  Tayl. 

91 

undulatum,  Turn.                         23 

polyanthos,  Corda, 
Clasmatodon,  Hook  &  Wils. 

91 

(JO 

varium,  Hedw.                              21 
virens,  var.  Wahlenbergii,  B.  E.  20 

parvulus,  Hampe, 

60 

Didymodon,  Br.  &  Sch.                      28 

pusillus,  Hook  &  Wils. 

GO 

cylindricus,  Br.  &  Sch.                81 

Climacium,  W.  &  M. 

66 

luridus,  Hornsch.                         28 

Americanum,  Brid. 

66 

rubellus,  Br.  &  Sch.                     28 

dendroides,  W.  &  M. 

66 

Diphyscium,  W.  &  M.        .               40 

Conomitrium,  Mont. 

35 

foliosum.  W.  &  M.                       40 

Julianum,  Mont. 

25 

Distichium,  Br.  &  Sch.                       28 

Conostomum,  Swartz. 

60 

capillaceum,  Br.  &  Sch.               29 

boreale,  Swartz. 
Coscinodon,  Spreng. 

50 
37 

inclinatum.  Br.  &  Sch.                29 
Drummondia,  Hook.                           82 

nulvinatus,  tipreng. 

38 

clavellata,  Hook.                          32 

Wrightii,  SuUiv. 
Cratoneuron  (Sect.),  Sulliv. 

38 
78 

Dryptodon  (Sect.),  Br.  &  Sch.           38 
Drumortiera.  Nees.                             86 

Cryphie,  Mohr. 

66 

hirsuta,  Nees.                               87 

glomerata,  Sch. 

56 

Elodium,  (Sect.),  Sulliv.                     68 

heleromalla,  Brid. 

66 

Encalvpta,  Schreb.                              30 

inundata,  Nees, 

66 

ciliata,  Hedw.                              30 

nervosa,  Hook  &  Wils. 

66 

commutata,  Nees  &  Hornsch.    31 

Cylindrothecium,  Br.  Eur. 

64 

rhabdocarpa,  Schwsegr.                31 

brevisetum,  Br.  Eur. 

65 

streptocarpa,  Hedw.                    31 

cladorrhizans,  Br.  Eur. 

64 

Entosthodon,  Scliwaegr.                     51 

compressum,  Br.  Eur. 
Drummondii,  Sch. 
gracilescens,  /S'cA. 

64 
64 
64 

Drummondii,  Sulliv.                     51 
obtusifolim,  Hook  &  Wils.             51 
Templetoni,  Schwcegr.                     51 

Hugelianum,  Sch. 

64 

Ephemerum  (Sect.),  Hampe. 

seductrix,  Br.  Eur. 

64 

Ephemeruni  Kjiumloxtnii,,  Br.  &  Sch.  14 

Sullivantii,  Mull. 
Cynodoutium  (Sect),  Br.  &  Sch. 

64 

20 

Eurvnchium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur.            69 
Eustichium,  Br.  Eur.                          29 

Daltonia  heteromalla,  var.  H.  &  W. 

66 

Norvegicum,  Br.  Eur.                  29 

Desmatodon,  Brid. 

2S 

Fabronia,  Raddi.                                 61 

arenaceus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 

28 

Caroliniana,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.      62 

fla.vicans,  Br.  Eur. 
plinthobius,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
Dichelyma,  Myrin, 

2S 
2S 
65 

gymnostoma,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.    62 
octoblepharis,  Schwcegr.                  61 
Kavenelii,  Sulliv.                          61 

capillacea.  Hook. 

55 

Wrightii,  Sulliv.                             61 

capillaceum,  Br.  Eur. 

65 

Fegatella,  Raddi.                                 87 

falcatum,  Myrin, 

65 

conica,  Corda.                              87 

pallescens,  Br.  Eur. 

65 

Fimbriaria,  Nees. 

subulatum,  Myrin, 
Dicranella(Sect.),  Schimp. 

65 

21 

elegans,  Spreng. 
mo'llis,  Tayl.                                  88 

Dicranodontium,  Br.  &  Sch. 

19 

tenella,  Nees,                           '    88 

longirostre,  Br.  &  Sch. 

20 

Fissidens,  Hedw                                 24 

Dicranum,  Hedw. 

20 

adiantoidea,  Hedw. 

Blyttii,  Br.  Eur. 

21 

bryoides,  Hedw. 

cerviculatum,  HedT. 

21 

exiguus,  Sulliv.                     24,103 

IXDEX.                                                     ] 

09 

Fis>iden?  grandifrons,  Brid. 
hyalinus,  Hook  &  Wils. 

25  i  Hookeria  lucens,  Smith, 
24  Hvlocomium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 

08 

68 

niinutulus,  Sulliv. 

24   Hvpnum,  Dill. 

OT 

obtusifolius,  Wils. 

24 

abietinum,  Linn. 

68 

osmundioides,  Hedw. 

24 

acumiuatum,  Beauv. 

75 

polypodioides,  Hedw. 

25 

aclnatum,  Hedw. 

78 

Ravenelii,  Sulliv. 

24 

aduncum,  Hedw. 

78 

subbasilaris,  Hedw. 

25 

albulum,  C.  Mull. 

71 

synoicus,  Sulliv. 

103 

Alleghaniense,  C.  Mull. 

09 

taxifolius,  Hedw. 

25 

Boscii,  Schwaegr. 

70 

Fontinalis,  Dill. 

54 

brevirostre,  Ehrh. 

os 

antipyretica,  Linn, 
bifonnis,  Sulliv. 

54 
54 

Carolinianum,  C.  MuU. 
caulexcens,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 

71 
7:2 

Dalecarlica,  Br.  Eur. 

55 

chrysostomum,  Michx. 

70 

disticha,  Hook  <fe  Wils. 

54,105 

commutatum,  Hedw. 

78 

disticha,  var.  Sulliv. 
Lescurii,  Sulliv. 

54 
54 

confervoides,  Kchwaqr. 
cordifolium,  Hedw. 

78 

Novae-  Anglite,  Sulliv. 

104 

Crista-Castrensis,  Linn. 

78 

squamosa,  Linn,  t 

54 

cupressiforme,  Linn. 

74 

sqtiamosa,  Hook. 

55 

curvifolium,  Hedw. 

74 

Fossombronia,  Raddi. 

90 

cuspidatum,  Linn. 

pusilla,  Nees. 
Frullauia,  Raddi. 

91 
97 

cylindrocarpum,  C.  Mull, 
delicatuluni,  Linn. 

71 
87 

aeolotis,  Nees, 

98 

demissum,  Wils. 

70 

Caroliniana,  Sulliv. 

97 

denticulatum.  Linn. 

79 

dilatata,  Sulliv. 

98 

deplanatum,  Schimp. 

70 

Drummondii,  TayL 

97 

depressum,  James, 

70 

Eboracensis,  Lehm. 

98 

dimorphum,  Brid. 

77 

Gray  ana,  Mont. 

97 

diversifolium,  Br.  Eur. 

70 

Hutchinsue,  Nees, 

97 

elegans,  Hook. 

80 

lasvischypha,  Tayl. 
miscroscypha,  Tayl. 

98 
98 

eugyrinm,  Br.  Eur. 
Fendleri,  Sulliv. 

71 
70 

na?ia,  Tayl. 

98 

filicinum,  Linn. 

78 

plana,  Sulliv. 

98 

fimbriatum,  Hartm. 

09 

saxatilis,  Lindb. 

98 

fluitans,  Linn. 

73 

Tamarisci,  Nees. 

97 

fluviatile,  James, 

7S 

Virginica,  Lehm. 

97 

Jluviatile  Swartz. 

7'.) 

Funaria,  Schreb. 

50 

fulvum,  Hook.  &  Wils. 

80 

flavicans,  Michx. 

50 

gracile,  Br.  &  Sch. 

87 

hygrometrica,  Hedw. 
Muhlenbergii,  Schwaegr. 

50 
51 

graminicolor,  Hook  &  Wils. 
Haldanianum,  Grev. 

Ofl 

74 

serrata,  Beauv. 

51 

hians,  Hedw. 

09 

Geocalyx,  Nees. 

91 

hispidnlum,  Brid. 

77 

graveoleus,  Nees. 

91 

imponens,  Hedw. 

74 

Grimaldia,  Raddi. 

87 

(/•/•iguum,  var.  fallax,  Br.  Eur. 

78 

barbifrons,  Bischoff. 

b8 

laetum,  Brid. 

75 

--ilia,  Sulliv. 

88 

Lescurii,  Sulliv. 

79 

Grimmia,  Ehrh. 

37 

Marylandicum,  C.  Mull. 

71 

Donniana,  Smith, 
leucophaea,  Grev. 

37 
37 

microcarpum,  C.  Mull, 
minutissimum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 

71 

7S 

obtuxa,  Schiocegr. 

37 

minutulum,  Hedw. 

07 

Olneyi,  Sulliv. 

37 

molle,  Dicks. 

71 

Pennsylvanica,  Schwaegr. 
trichophylla,  Grev. 

37 
37 

molluscum,  Hedw. 
montanum,  Wils. 

74 
78 

Gymnomitrium,  Corda. 

96 

Muhlenbeckii,  Br.  Eur. 

79 

concinnatum,  Corda, 
Gymnostomum,  Hedw. 

96 
17 

myosuroides,  Linn, 
nemorosum,  Koch, 

09 

74 

curvirostrum,  Hedw. 

17 

nitens,  Schreb. 

75 

rupestre,  Schwaegr. 
truncatulum,  Hedw. 

17 
29 

noterophilum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
Nova?-Angli«?,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx, 

78 

70 

Harpidium  (Sect.),  Sulliv. 

73 

Oakesii,  Sulliv. 

89 

Hedwigia,  Ehrh. 

39 

Ochraceum,  Turn. 

72 

eiliata,  Ehrh. 
Heteroelaoium  (Sect),  Br.  Eur. 

39          ortliocladon,  Beanv. 
77          palndosum  Sulliv. 

78 
68 

Honuilolliecium,  Br.  Eur. 

63 

palustre,  Linn.                         71, 

81 

sulKMpillatuni,  Br.  Eur. 

63 

piliferuin,  Sdin-b.                         ] 

Hookeria,  Smith, 

oo           j'luniosum,  Linn. 

76 

aculifolia,  Hook.? 

00  ,         polygamum,  Br.  Eur. 

711 

110 


INDEX. 


Hypnnni,  polymorphum,  Br.  Eur. 
popul^um,  Hedw. 
pratense,  Koch, 
pseudoplumosum,  Auct. 

77 
70 
74 
70 

Jwnpermannia,  Sphagnl.  Auct. 
Taylori,  Hook.  ' 
trichophylla,  Linn. 
Lejeunia,  Libert. 

92 
94 
93 

98 

pygmaeum,  Schimp. 

75 

auriculata,  Hook  &  Wils. 

99 

Pyrenaicum,  Spruce, 

C!) 

calcarea,  Libert, 

99 

radicale,  Brid. 
recurvans,  Schwsegr. 

78 
71 

calyculata.  Tayl. 
clypeata,  Schwein, 

98 
98 

reflexum,  Stark. 

70 

cucullata,  Nees, 

99 

reflexum,  James, 

70 

cyclostipa,  TayL 

99 

reptile,  Michx. 

74 

longiflora,  Tayl. 

98 

revolvens,  Swartz, 

78 

lucens,  Tayl. 

99 

riparium,  Hedw. 

79 

minutissiina,  Dumort 

99 

rivulare,  Br.  Eur. 
rivularum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
Mugelianum,  Br.  Eur. 
rug'osum,  Ehrh 

70 
72 
70 
75 

polyphylla,  Tayl. 
serpyUifolia,Libert, 
testudinea,  TayL 
Lepidozia,  Nees, 

99 
99 

99 
102 

rusciforme,  Weis, 
rutabulum,  Linn, 
salebrosum,  Hofiin. 

70 
70 
75 

reptans,  Nees, 
Leptodon,  Mohr, 
immersum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 

10:2 
57 
57 

Schreberi,  Willd. 

72 

Ohioensc,  SuUiv, 

57 

scitum,  Beauv. 

07 

trichomitrion,  Mohr. 

57 

scorpioides,  Linn. 

79 

Leskea,  Hedw. 

59 

serpens,  Hedw. 

78 

acundnata,  Sedw, 

75 

Berrulatum,  Hedw. 
splendens,  Hedw. 

70 
OS 

adnata,  Michx. 
asprella,  Schimp. 

71 
60 

Sprucei,  Bruch, 
squarrosum,  Linn. 
Starkii,  W.  &  M. 

78 
08 
70 

complanata,  Hedw. 
compressa,  Hedw. 
?  denticulata,  Sulliv. 

65 
64 
59 

Btellatum,  Schreb. 

77 

Fendleri,  Sulliv. 

76 

stramineum,  Dicks. 

72 

fraffilis,  Hook  &  Wils. 

59 

strigosum,  Hoffin. 
subsimplex,  Hook  &  Wils. 

71 

microcarpa,  Schimp,                    59 
nervosa,  Myrin.                    59,  105 

subtenue,  James, 
subtile,  Hotfm. 

70 
77 

nervosa,  Sulliv. 
obscuraj  Hedw. 

59 
59 

Sullivantiae,  Schimp. 
Sullivantii,  Spruce, 

80 
09 

parvula,  Hampe. 
polycarpa,  Hedw. 

60 
59 

sylvaticum,  Linn. 

80 

rostrata,  Hedw. 

59 

tamariscinum,  Hedw. 

07 

sericea,  Hedw. 

63 

trichomanoides,  James, 

05 

Sullivantii,  Br.  Eur.  ? 

60 

trifarium,  W.  &  M. 

72 

tenuirostris,  Schimp. 

71 

triquetrum.  Linn. 

08 

Leucobryum,  Hampe, 

23 

triste,  C.  Mull. 

59 

glaucum,  Hampe, 

23 

umbratum,  Ehrh. 

08 

minus,  Hampe. 

24 

uncinatum,  Hedw. 

73 

Leucodon,  Schwaegr. 

56 

Vallisclausce,  Brid. 

79 

brachypus,  Brid. 

57 

varium,  Auct. 

78 

julaceus,  Sulh'v. 

57 

velutinum,  Linn. 

70 

Limnobium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 

71 

Isothecium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 

09 

Limnobium,  rufescens,  Schimp. 

71 

Jungermannia,  Linn, 
albicans,  Linn. 

93 
95 

Lophoclea,  Nees, 
bidentata,  Nees, 

92 
92 

barbata,  Schreb. 
bicuspidata,  Linn. 

94 
93 

heterophylla,  Nees, 
Macromitrium,  Brid. 

92 
35 

byssacea,  Auct. 

93 

Dregei,  Hochstetter  ? 

35 

connivens,  Dicks. 

93 

tenue,  Brid. 

35 

crenulata,  Smith, 

94 

Madotheca,  Dumort. 

99 

curvifolia,  Dinks. 

93 

Wataugensis,  Sulliv. 

100 

divaricata,  Eng.  Bot. 
exsecta,  Schmidel, 

06 

94 

platyphylla,  Dumort. 
porella,  Nees, 

100 
100 

incisa,  Schrad. 

94 

poretta,  var.  '(  Sulliv. 

100 

intermedia,  Lindb. 

94 

Harchantia,,  Linn.  . 

86 

Michauxii,  Weber, 
obtusifolius.  Hook. 
orbicularis,  Michx.  ? 

94 
94 
94 

disjuncta,  Sulliy. 
polymorpha,  Linn. 
Mastigobryum,  Nees, 

86 
86 
101 

Schraderi,  Martins, 

94 

ambiguum,  O.  L.  &  N. 

102 

scutata,  Weber. 

93 

deflexum,  Nees, 

102 

setacea,  Weber. 

93 

denudatum,  O.  L.  &  N. 

102 

Betiformis,  Ehrh. 

93 

tridenticulatum,  LindL 

103 

INDEX. 


Ill 


Mastigobryum  trilobatum,  Nees 
Meesia,  Hedw. 
•  lougiseta,  Hedw. 

tristicha,  Br.  &  Sch. 

uliginosa,  Hedw. 
Meteorium  ?  pendulum,  Sulliv. 
Metzgeria,  Raddi, 

furcata,  Nees, 

pubescen's,  Raddi, 
Mnium,  Br.  &  Sch. 

affine,  Bland. 

cuspidatum,  Hedw. 

Drummondii,  Br.  &  Sch. 

hornum,  Hedw. 

orthorhynchum,  Brid. 

punctatum,  Hedw. 

rostratum,  Schwaegr. 

serratum,  Brid. 

spinosum,  Br.  Eur. 

spinulosum,  Br.  Eur. 

stellare,  Hedw. 
Myurella,  Br.  Eur. 

apiculata,  Br.  Eur. 

Careyana,  Sulliv. 

julacea,  Br.  Eur. 
Neck  era,  Hedw. 

brachydada,  Mull. 

cladorrhizcuis,  Hook.  &  Wtts. 

complanata,  Br.  Eur. 

Nepalensis,  Tayl. 

pennata,  Hedw. 

SulUvantii,  Mull. 
Notothylas,  SulUv. 

melanospora,  Sulliv. 

orbiciilaris,  Schwein. 

valvata,  Sulliv. 
Omalia,  Br.  Eur. 

Jamesiana,  Schimp. 

trichomanoides,  Brid. 

?  Wrightii,  Sulliv. 
Orthotrichum,  Hedw. 

affine,  Schrad. 

anomalum,  Hedw. 

Brucbii,  Brid. 

Canadense,  Br.  &  Sch. 

crispulum,  Hornsch. 

rrispum,  Hedw. 

capulatum,  Hoffm. 

exignum,  Sulliv. 

Hutchinsiae,  Smith, 

leiocarpum,  Br.  &  Sch. 

Ludwi£ii,  Schwaegr. 

obtusifolium,  Schrad. 

Rogeri,  Brid. 

Bpeciosum,  Nees, 

strangulatum,  Beanv. 

Sturmii,  Hoppe  &  Hornsch. 

Texanum,  SulUv. 
PeUia,  Raddi, 

epiphylla,  Nees, 
Phascum,  Linn. 

altcrnifolium,  Brid. 

cohaerens,  Hedw. 

crassinervium,  Schwaegr. 

crispum,  Hedw. 

crispum,  var.  roxtellatum,  2f.<kW.  Ifi 

cuspidatum,  Schreb.  i:> 

Ludovicianum,  Sulliv.  10 , 

G.  M.  8 


102 
48 
48 
48 
48 
81 
89 
89 
89 
47 
47 
48 
47 
47 
47 
47 
48 
47 
81 
81 
47 
61 
61 

61,81 
61 
65 
64 

65 

58 


Phascum  mutleum,  Schreb. 

nervosum,  Hook. 

uitiduluui,  Schimp 

palustre,  Br.  &  Sch. 

patens,  Hedw. 

Schiinperianum,  Sulliv. 

serratum,  Schreb. 

sessile,  Br.  &  Sch. 

subulatum,  Schreb. 

Sullivantii,  Schimp. 

triquetrum,  Spruce. 
Philonotis  (Sect.),  Brid. 
PfiyUogonium  Norvegicum;  Brid. 
Physcomitrella  (Sect.),  Schimp. 
Physcomitrium,  Brid. 

immersum,  Sulliv. 

pyriforme,  Br  &  Sch. 

spftcericum,  Sulliv. 

tetragonum,  Br.  &  Sch. 
Pilotrichum  cymbifolium,  Sulliv. 

sphagnifolium ,  Mull. 
Plagiochiasma,  Lehm.  &  Lindb. 

Wrightii,  Sulliv. 
Plagiochila,  Nees  &  Mont 

aspleuioides,.  Nees  &  Mont. 

Ludoviciana,  Sulliv. 

macrostoma,  Sulliv. 

porelloides,  Liudb. 

spinulosa,  Nees  <te  Mont. 

undata,  Sulliv. 

Plagiothecium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur. 
Ftoffiothecium  Icetum,  Br.  Eur. 
Platygyrium,  Br.  Eur. 

repens,  Br.  Eur. 
Pleuranthe,  Tayl. 

olivacea,  Tayl. 
Pleuridium  (Sect.),  Brid. 
Pleurozium,  (Sect.),  Sulliv. 
Pogonatum,  Beauv. 

alpinum,  Brid. 

brachyphyllum,  Michx 

brevicaule,  Brid. 

capillare,  Brid. 

urnigerum,  Brid. 
Polytrichum,  Brid. 

commune,  Linn. 

formosum,  Hedw. 

gracile,  Menziee, 

juniperinum,  Hedw. 

piliferum,  Schreb. 
Pottia,  Ehrh. 

eufttomo,  Ehrh. 

SusseUii,  fyuHiv. 

truncata,  Br.  &  Sch. 
Preissia,  Nees, 

cummutata,  Nees, 
Pterigoninm  ase?>idens,  Schvxegr. 

decumbens,  Schwrtfr. 

marglnatum,  Schwein. 
Pterii^-nandrum  flliforme,  Hedw. 

brachutia&o*,  Brid. 

hirtellum,  Hedw. 

intricatvm,  Hedw. 
Ptilidium,  Nees, 

ciliare,  N«-i-s. 
Ptiliuin  (Sect.),  Snlliv. 
Ptychomitrium,  Br.  &  Sch. 

Druiuuiondii,  Hook.  Oc  Wils. 


105 
63 
60 
63 
101 
101 
73 
35 
36 


112 


Ptychomitrinm  incurvum,  Schwaegr.  35 

Pylaisaea,  Br.  Eur.  62 

denticulata,  Sch.  62 

intricata,  Br.  Eur.  62 

pdyantha,  Br.  Hiur.  63 

velutina,  Sch.  63 

Racomitrium,  Br.  &  Sch.  38 

aciculara,  Brid.  88 

canescens,  Brid.  39 

fasciculare,  Brid.  38 

lanuginosum,  Brid.  39 

microcarpum,  Brid.  39 

Sudeticum,  Br.  &  Sch.  38 

Radula,  Nees,  100 

complanata,  Dumort  100 

obconica,  Sulliv.  100 

pallens,  Nees,  100 

Raphidostegium  (Sect.),  Br.  Eur.      70 

Reboulia,  Raddi,  87 

hemisphserica,  Raddi,  87 

microcephala,  Tayl.  87 

Rhabdoweisia,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

denticulata,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

fugax,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

Rbyncostegium  (Sect),  Br,  Eur.        70 

Rhytidium  (Sect.),  Sulliv..  75 

Riccia,  Mich.  .  83 

Bevrichiana,  Hampe.  84 

bifurca,  Hoffin.  84 

crystalline,  Linn.  84 

fluitans,  Linn.  84 

glauca,  Linn.  83 

lutescens,  Schwein.  84 

natans,  Linn.  84 

vdutina,  Hook.  84 

Sarcoscyphus,  Corda,  96 

Ehrharti,  Corda,  96 

Scapauia,  Lindb.  95 

breviflora,  Tayl.  95 

nemorosa,  Nees,  95 

undulata,  Nees  &  Mont.  95 

Schistidium,  Br.  &  Sch.  36 
Agassizii,  Sulliv.  <fc  Lesqx.        104 

ambiguum,  Sulliv.  36 

apocarpum,  Br.  &  Sch.  36 

confertum,  Br.  &  Sch.  36 

maritimum,  Br.  &  Sch.  36 

Schlotheimia,  Brid.  35 

Sullivantii,  C.  MulL  35 

Seligeria,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

pusilla,  Br.  &  Sch.  80 

recurvata,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

trMicha,  Br.  &  Sch.  18 

Sendtnera,  EndL  101 

juniperiana,  Nees,  101 

fiphaerocarpus,  Mich.  84 

Micheffi,  BeUardi,  84 

terrestris,  Auct.  84 

Sphagnoecetia,  Nees,  92 

communis,  Nees,  92 

.Sphagnum,  Dill.  10 

acutifoliuin,  Ehrh.  12 

-acutifottum,  var.  Sulttv.  12  . 

compactum,  Brid.  11 1 


Sphagnum  contortum,  Schultz,         11 

cuspidatum,  Ehrh.  13 
cyclophyllum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  1 1 

cymbifolium,  Dill.  11 
cymbifol.  var.  turgidum,  H  <fc  W.  11 

tiinbriatum,  Wils.  13 

humile,  Schimp.  11 

Lescurii,  Sulliv.  11 

macrophyllum,  Bernhardi,  12 

molle,  Sulliv.  13 

molluscum.  Bruch.  13 

Pylaisii,  Brid.  12 

rubellum,  Wils.  12 
eedoides,  Brid.                      12,  103 

squarrosum,  Pers.  12 

xtrietum,  SuUiv.  11 

tabulare,  Sulliv.  12 

teuerum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  11 

Torreyanum,  Sulliv.  13 

Splachnum,  L.,  Br.  &  Sch.  52 

ampullaceum,  Linn.  53 

rubrum,  Linn.  53 

setaceum,  JSook.  &  Wils.  53 

Steetzia,  Lehm.  90 

Lyellii,  Lehm.  90 

Syrrhopodou,  Schwsegr.  31 

albovaff hiatus,  H.  &  W.  31 

excel#us,  Kulliv.  32 

Floridanus,  Sulliv.  31 

Texanus,  Sulliv.  103 

Tetraphis,  Hedw.  30 

pellucida,  Hedw.  30 

Tetraplodon,  Br.  &  Sch.  53 

angustatus,  Br.  &  Sch.  53 

australis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.  53 

mnioides,  Br.  &  Sch.  53 

Tetrodontium,  Schwsegr. 

repandum,  Funk,  30 

Thamnium  (Sect),  Br.  Eur.  69 

Thelia,  .Sulliv.  60 

asprella,  Sulliv.  60 

hirtella,  Sulliv.  60 

Lescurii,  Snllir.  60 

Thnidium  (Sect),  Br.  Eur.  67 

Timmia,  Hedw.  42 

megapolitana,  Hedw.  42 

Trematodon,  Rich,  20 

longicollis  Rich,  20 

Trichocolea,  Nees.  101 

Tomentella,  Nees,  101 

Trichostomum,  Br.  &  Sch.  26 

glaucescens,  Hedw.  26 

pallidum,  Hedw.  26 

tortile,  Schrad.  26 

tenue,  Hedw.  26 

vagiuans,  Sulliv.  26 

Weisia,  Hedw.  18 

calcarea.  Sulliv.  18 

viridula,  Brid.  18 

Zygodon,  Hook.  &  Tayl.  31 

Lapponicus,  Br.  &  Sch.  32 

Mougeotii,  Br.  &  Sch.  32 

Sullivantii,  C.  Mull.  32 


EXPLANATION   OF  THE  PLATES, 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


N.  B.  —  The  figures  of  those  genera  of  Mosses  and  Liverworts  to  which  an  asterisk  (  *  )  Is 
prefixed,  are  from  original  drawings.  The  species  selected  for  illustrating  the  genera  are 
figured  of  the  natural  size :  their  details  are  more  or  less  magnified. — The  sign  J  on  the  plates 
indicates  the  antheridia. 


Genera  of  Musci. 

TAB.  I. 

ANDREA.— Plant, capsule  before  dehlscence,  the  nine  after  dehlscence,  and  calyptra  of 
A.  rupestris,  Turn. :  after  Schimper. 

•  SPHAGNUM.  — Plant,  capsule  with  remains  of  the  calyptra,  the  same  cut  lengthwise,  and 

operculum  of  S.  cymbifolium,  Dill. 

•  AROUIPIUM.  —  Plant,  and  a  plant  enlarged,  capsule  with  base  of  the  calyptra,  and  upper 

portion  of  the  calyptra  of  A.  Ohioense,  Schimper. 

PHASCUM.  — Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule,  and  calyptra  of  P.  cuspidatum,  Schreb. 
after  Schimper. 

•  BRUCIIIA.  —  Plant,  and  a  plant  enlarged,  capsule,  and  calyptra  of  B.  breYifoUa,  Sulliv. 
GYMXOSTOMDM.  —  Plant,  capsule,  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  G.  rupestre,  Schwetgr. 

after  Schimper. 

WEIS1A.  —Plant,  cap-ale  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  and  five  teeth  of  the  peristome  of 
\V.  viridula,  End. :  after  Schhnper. 

RHABDOWEISIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule  when  dry,  three  teeth  of  the 
peristome,  and  calyptra  of  R.  fugax,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schimper. 

DICRANODONTIUM.  — Plant,  capsule  with  the  operculum,  two  2-parted  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome, and  calyptra  of  D.  longirostre,  Bryol.  Europ.:  after  Schhnper. 

ARCTOA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  of 
A.  fulvella:  after  Schhnper. 

8ELIGEKIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome of  S.  tristicha,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schhnper. 

BARBULA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operrulum,  the  peristome,  and  calyptra  of  B.  unguicu- 
lata,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 

CERATODON.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule  when  dry,  two  2-cleft  teeth  of  the 
peristome,  and  calyptra  of  C.  purpureus,  Brid.  :  after  Schhnper. 

FISSIDENS.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  two  2-cleft  teeth  of  the  peristome,  and  calyp- 
tra of  F.  taxifolius,  Hedw  •  after  Schimper. 

OAMPYLOPUS.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome 
with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  calyptra  of  C.  flexuosus :  after  Schhnper. 

TRICHOSTOMUM.  — Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  and 
calyptra  of  T.  tortile,  Schrad. :  after  Schimper. 

OONOMITRIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  pedicel  and  perichtetial  leaves,  three 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  and  calyptra  of  C.  Julianum,  Mont. :  after  Schhnper. 


116  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

»  THEM  ATODOX.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  apophysis,  two  teeth  of  the  perfctoma, 
and  calyptra  of  T.  longicollis,  Michx. 

TAB.   H. 

LEUCOBRYUM.— Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule  dry,  two  2-parted  teeth  of  the 

peristome,  and  calyptra  of  L.  vulgare,  Hampe :  after  Schimper. 
DICRANUM.—  Plant,  capsule  and  operculum,  two  2-parted  teeth  of  the  periatome,  and 

calyptra  of  D.  scoparium,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 
t  BESMATODON.  —  Plant,  capsule,  mouth  of  the  same  with  peristome,  two  2-parted  teeth  of 

the  peristome  with  a  portion  of  the  aunulus,  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  D.  plin thobius, 

Sulliv.  $  Lesgx. 
DIDYMODON.  —Plant,  capsule,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  portion  of  its  annulus, 

operculum,  and  calyptra  of  D.  rubellus,  Bryol.  Europ.:  after  Schimper. 

•  EUSTICHIDM.  —  Plants,  one  enlarged,  male  flower,  an  antheridium,  fertile  flower,  and  sec- 

tion of  the  leaf  of  B.  Norvegicum,  Bryol.  Europ. 

DISTICHrCM.  —  Plant,  portion  of  stem  and  leaves  enlarged,  capsule  with  operculum,  two 
teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  calyptra  of  D.  capillaceum, 
Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schimper. 

POTTIA.  —  Plants,  capsu'e  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  and  capsule  with  operculum  at- 
tached by  the  columella  only,  of  P.  truncata,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schimper. 

•  SYRRHOPODON.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  three  teeth  of  the  peri- 

Btome,  and  operculum  of  S.  Floridanus,  Suttiv. 

•  8CHLOTHEIMIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  covered  by  the  calyptra,  portion 

of  the  peristome  (one  tooth  and  two  cilia),  and  the  lower  part  of  the  calyptra  of  S. 

Sullivantii,  C.  Mull. 
ENCALYPTA.  — Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  covered  by  calyptra,  capsule  dry,  and 

three  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  E.  rhabdocarpa, 

Sckweegr. :  after  Schimper. 
TJ5TRAPH1S  — Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  the  entire  peristome,  and 

operoulum  of  T.  pellucida,  Hedw. :  after  Schhnper. 

•  PTYCHOMITRIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  peristome  a&d  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  two 

teeth  of  the  peristome,  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  P.  incurvum,  Schwcegr. 

•  DRUMMONDIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome, 

operculum,  calyptra,  and  three  spores  of  D.  clavellata,  Hook. 

ZYGODON.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule  without  operculum  and  dry,  and 
calyptra  of  Z  Lapponicus,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schimper. 

•  MACROMITRIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule,  mouth  of  the  same  with  the  annular  peristome,  and 

calyptra  of  M.  Dregei. 
SCHISTEDIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome, 

operculum  with  columella,  and  calyptra  of  S.  apocarpum,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after 

Schimper. 
RACOMITRIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  one  tooth  of  the  peristomt 

2-parted  to  the  base  and  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  operculum  of  R.  aciculare, 

Brid. :  after  Schhnper. 

HEDWIGIA. — Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  without  operculum  and  dry,  and  calyp- 
tra of  H.  ciliata :  after  Schimper. 
ORTHOTRICHUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  capsule  dry,  portion  ot 

the  peristome  (2  pairs  of  teeth  and  3  cilia),  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  0.  Hutchin- 

Bte,  Hook.  $•  Tayl.:  after  Schhnper. 
GBIHMIA  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  ol  the  peristome  with 

a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  G  leucophaea,  Grtv. :  after  Schimper. 


EXPLANATION    OF   THE    PLATES.  11 1 

TAB.    III. 

BUXBAUMIA.  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  mouth  of  capsule  with  peristome,  opercu- 
lum  with  part  of  columella,  and  calyptra  of  B  aphylla,  HaUer :  after  Schimper. 

DIPHYSCIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule,  peristome,  operculum  with  portion  of  the  columella,  and 
calyptra  of  D.  folio-sum,  Web.  If  Molir. :  after  Schimper 

ATRICIICM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  peristome,  calyptra,  and  its  point  more  mag- 
nified, of  A.  angustatum,  Bryol.  Europ  :  after  Schimper. 

POGOXATCM.  —  Plant,  capsule  and  operculum,  the  same  covered  by  the  hairy  calyptra, 
peristome,  and  four  teeth  of  peristome,  of  P.  urnigerum,  Brid. :  after  Schimper. 

POLYTRICHUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  the  same  covered  by  the  hairy  calyptra, 
the  same  dry,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  P.  commune,  L. :  after  Schimper. 

BARTKAMIA.— Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  capsule  dry,  portion  of  the 
peristome,  and  operculum  of  B.  pomiformis,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 

MXICM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  portion  of  the  peristome  (two  teeth,  three 
perforated  cilia,  and  five  ciliolae)  of  M.  cnspidatum,  Hedio. :  after  Schimper. 

COXOSTOMUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  and  peristome  of  C.  boreale 
Swartz :  after  Schimper. 

MEE3IA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculnm,  same  without  operculum  and  dry,  two  teeth  and 
two  cilia  of  the  peristome  with  part  of  the  annulus,  and  a  flower  (of  two  antheridia, 
two  archegonia,  and  four  paraphyses)  of  M  longiseta,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 

FUNARIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  the  same  with  operculum  only, 
one  en  tire- tooth  of  the  peristome  and  two  broken  teeth  opposite  the  two  cilia,  and  the 
operculum,  of  F.  hjgrometrica,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 

AULACOMNIOX.  —  Plant  capsule  and  operculum,  the  same  without  operculum  and  dry, 
part  of  the  peristome  (two  teeth,  one  cilium  split  along  the  middle,  and  two  ciliolae, 
with  a  portion  of  the  annulus),  aud  the  calyptra  of  A  heterostichum,  Bryol,  Bitrop.  • 
after  Schimper. 

TTMMIA.  —  Plant  (calyptra  attached  to  the  pedicel),  capsule  with  operculum,  the  same  with- 
out operculum  and  dry,  one  tooth  of  the  peristome  and  several  appendiculate  'ilia 
united  in  pairs  and  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  T.  megapolitana,  Hediv  *fter 
Schimper. 

TAB.    IV. 

•  ENTOSTHODOX.  —Plants,  capsule  with  operculum,  mouth  of  capsule  with  the  entire  peri- 

gtome,  three  teeth  of  same  with  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  the  calyptra  of  E.  Drain- 
mondii,  Sulliv. 

•  PHYSCOMITR1  CM.— Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule,  operculum  with  columella,  and 

calyptra  of  P  immersum,  SuUiv. 

•  APHAXORHEGMA.  —  Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule,  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  A. 

serrata,  Sulliv. 

•  TETRAPLODOX.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  its  long  apophysis,  operculum  with  calyptra,  four 

teeth  of  the  peristome  in  pairs,  and  calyptra  of  T.  australis,  SuUiv.  If  Lesqx. 
SPLACIIXUM.  —  Plants,  capsule  with  apophyses  and  operculum,  mouth  of  the  capsule  with 
the  reflexed  teeth  of  the  peristome  and  the  exserted  capitate  columella,  two  teeth  of  the 
peristome,  and  operculum,  of  S.  ampullaceum,  L. :  after  Schimper. 

•  COSCFXODON.  —  Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule  with  operculum,  the  same  covered  by 

the  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  calyptra 
ofC.  Wrightii,  Sulliv. 

•  DICHELYMA  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  perichwtial  leaves  with  the  capsule  later- 

ally emergent,  two  teeth  and  two  cilia  (connected  at  the  apex  by  cross-bars)  of  the 
peristome,  and  operculum,  of  D.  capillaceum,  Bryol.  Europ. 


118  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

FONTINALIS.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculutn,  the  same  immersed  in  the  perichastial 

leaves,  peristome  (the  interior  a  tessellated  cone),  operculum,  and  calyptra  of  F.  anti- 

pyretica,  L. :  after  Schiinper. 
ANACAMPTODON.  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  dry  capsule  with  peristome,  two  entire 

teeth  with  a  portion  of  another  reflexed  and  three  cilia  of  the  peristome,  operculum, 

and  calyptra  of  A.  splachnoides,  Brid. :  after  Schimper. 

•  FABRONIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  operculum,  and 

calyptra  of  F.  Ravenelii,  Sulliv. 

ANTITRICHIA.  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  two  teeth  and  three  cilia  of  the  peristome, 
operculum,  and  calyptra  of  A.  curtipendula,  Brid  :  after  Schimper. 

•  LEPTODON.  — Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  pedicel  and  perichsetial  leaves,  capsule  with 

operculum  and  calyptra,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  of  L.  Ohioense,  Sulliv. 

•  PYLAIS^A.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  portion  of  the  peristome,  and  calyptra  of  P. 

intricata,  BryoL  Europ. 

BRYUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  portion  of  the  peristome  (one  tooth,  one  perfo- 
rated cilium,  and  three  appendiculate  ciliolse),  and  a  hermaphrodite  flower  (consisting 
of  2  antheridia,  2  archegonia,  and  4  paraphyses),  of  B  bimum,  Schreb. :  after  Schimper. 

•  LEDCODON.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  pedicel  and  perichsetial  leaves,  capsule  with 

operculum  and  calyptra,  three  of  the  perforated  teeth  of  the  outer  and  the  annular 
membrane  of  the  inner  .peristome,  and  operculum,  of  L  julaceus,  Hedw. 

TAB.    V. 

•  HOMALOTHECIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  three  teeth  of  the  outer, 

with  fragments  of  the  membrane  of  the  inner  peristome  and  a  portion  of  the  annulus, 
and  operculum,  of  H.  subcapillatum,  Bryol.  Europ. 

PLATYGYRIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  four  of  the  outer  with  as 
many  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  and  a  quarter  of  the  large  annulus,  and  operculum, 
of  P.  repens,  Bryol.  Europ. :  after  Schimper. 

»  CYLINDROTHECIUM.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  out- 
er and  one  cilium  of  the  inner  peristome,  of  C  cladorrhizans,  Bryol.  Europ. 

»  MYURELLA.  —  Plant,  two  capsules  with  opercula,  two  teeth  of  the  outer  with  one  cilium 
and  three  ciliolse  of  the  inner  peristome,  of  M.  Careyana,  Sulliv. 

•  LESKEA  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  five  entire  and  three  broken  teeth 

of  the  exterior  and  three  cilia  of  the  interior  •peristome,  operculum,  a  tooth  and  a  cili- 
um with  a  portion  of  its  basilar  membrane,  and  a  part  of  the  annulus,  of  L  obscura.  - 
t  CLASMATODON.  —Plant,  capsule  with  operculum  and  calyptra,  portion  of  the  single  peri- 
stome with  part  of  the  annuhis,  vertical  section  through  the  peristome,  and  two  oper- 
cula of  C.  parvulus,  Hampe. 

•  CRYPIL&A.  —Plant,  a  perichaeih  enclosing  the  capsule  with  its  operculum  and  calyptra, 

capsule  with  operculum  partly  removed,  two  teeth  of  the  exterior  and  three  cilia  of 
the  inner  peristome  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  two  sporules,  and  calyptra,  of  C. 
glomerata,  W.  P.  Sch. 

HOOKERIA.  — Plant,  capsule  and  operculum,  two  teeth  and  two  cilia  of  the  peristome,  and 
calyptra,  of  H.  lucens,  Smith :  after  Schimper. 

•  CLIMACIUM  —Plant,  capsule  and  operculum,  two  teeth  and  two  cilia  of  the  peristome, 

calyptra,  and  operculum,  of  C.  Americanum,  End. 

KBCKERA,  —  Plant,  portion  of  the  stem  with  male  flower  and  perlchaath  enclosing  the  cap- 
sule, two  teeth  of  the  exterior  and  three  rudimentary  cilia  of  the  inner  peristome, 
calyptra  operculum,  capsule,  pedicel,  vaginula,  paraphyses,  and  perichsetial  branch, 
all  in  connection,  of  N.  pennata,  Hedw. :  after  Schimper. 

•  ANOMODON.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  ouerculurn  and  calyptra,  two  teeth  of  the  outer  and  (hi 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  119 

membranous  rudiment  of  the  inner  perietome  and  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  A. 
obtusifolius,  Er.  $  Sch. 

•  OMALIA.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  op«rculum,  part  of  the  peristome  (one  tooth,  two  cilia,  one 

ciliola,  and  a  portion  of  the  annulus),  and  calyptra,  of  0.  Wrightii,  Sulliv. 
IITP.N UM.  —  Plant,  two  capsules  with  opercula,  part  of  the  peristome  (one  tooth,  one  till- 
uru,  and  two  ciliola>,  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus),  and  a  calj  ptra,  of  II.  salebrosum, 
Hoffm. :  after  Schimper. 

Genera  of  Hepaticae. 

TAB.  VI. 

RICCIA.  —  Plant ;  vertical  section  of  the  frond  (showing  two  imbedded  capsules  and  numer- 
ous large  air-cavities) ;  spores  enclosed  in  a  mother-cell ;  three  free  spores ;  and  calyp- 
tra  with  its  style,  of  R.  natans,  L.  :  after  Bischoff. 

•  ANTIIOCEROS.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  two  valves  of  the  capsule  and  the  columella,  togeth- 

er with  spores  and  elaters  ;  two  spores  and  two  eiaters,  of  A.  laevis,  L. 

•  NOTOTHYLAS.  —  Plants  ;  vertical  section  of  the  frond  through  the  involucre,  showing  the 

capsule  ;  apex  of  the  capsule  protruding  from  the  end  of  the  involucre  ;  lower  half  of 

the  capsule  showing  the  columella ;  upper  half  of  capsule ;  a  gemma  ;  an  antheri  Jium  ; 

twelve  free  spores  and  two  clusters  of  spores  (4  in  •each),  of  N.  valvata,  Sulliv. 
REBOULIA.  —  Plant ;  fertile  receptacle  viewed  from  above  ;  the  same  from  below  ;  capsule 

dehiscing  with  remains  of  the  calyptra  at  its  base  ;  vertical  section  of  the  male  disk, 

showing  the  imbedded  antheridia ;  an  elater ;  portion  of  the  same ;  and  three  spores, 

of  R.  hemisphaerica,  Raddi :  after  Bischoff. 
SPHJEROCARPUS.  —  Plant ;  a  cluster  of  5  involucres  ;  an  involucre  enclosing  a  capsule ;  a 

capsule  filled  with  spores  ;  and  three  spores,  of  S.  Michelii,  Bellardi:  after  Schweinitz, 

•  DUMORTIERA.  —  Plants  (portions  of),  male  and  female;  fertile  receptacle,  showing  three 

involucres,  each  with  a  capsule  ;  capsule  partly  covered  by  the  calyptra ;  vertical  sec- 
tion of  the  male  disk,  showing  the  imbedded  antheridia ;  an  elater,  portion  of  the 
same  ;  and  three  spores,  of  D.  hirsuta,  Nets. 

•  PHAGIOCUASMA.  —  Plants;  triangular  fertile  receptacle  with  its  three  large  involucres 

seen  from  above  ;  same  viewed  sideways ;  involucre  with  one  side  cut  away,  showing 
the  capsule  and  remains  of  the  calyptra ;  a  capsule  with  remains  of  calyptra  at  its  base 
before  dehiscence  ;  same  after  dehiscence  ;  an  elater ;  a  piece  of  same  more  magnified  ; 
and  two  spores,  of  P.  Wrightii,  Sulliv. 

FEGATELLA  —  Plants  (portions  of),  male  and  female ;  a  vertical  section  of  the  fertile  recep- 
tacle, showing  two  involucres,  each  with  a  capsule ;  capsule  with  its  calyptra  ruptured 
at  the  apex  ;  vertical  section  of  male  disk  showing  the  antheridia ;  two  elaters  ;  por- 
tion of  an  elater  ;  and  two  spores  of  F.  confca,  Corda :  after  Bischoff,  partly. 

PREISSIA.  —  Plants  (portions  of),  male  and  female  ;  a  vertical  section  of  the  fertile  recep- 
tacle ;  perianth,  calyptra,  and  capsule  ;  two  elaters  ;  portion  of  an  elater ;  two  spores ; 
and  vertical  section  of  part  of  the  male  disk,  showing  the  imbedded  antheridia,  of  P. 
commutata,  Nees :  after  Bischoff,  partly. 

MARCHANTIA  —Plants  (portions  of),  male  and  female ;  vertical  section  of  the  fertile  recep- 
tacle ;  perianth,  calyptra,  and  capsule  ;  an  elater ;  portion  of  the  same ;  five  spores  ;  a 
vertical  section  of  a  part  of  the  male  disk,  showing  the  imbedded  antheridia,  of  M. 
poly morpha,  L. :  after  Bischoff,  partly. 

FIMBRIARIA.  —  Plants  ;  a  fertile  receptacle  ;  vertical  section  of  the  same  ;  a  capsule  de- 
hiscing ;  two  elaters  ;  and  two  spores,  of  F.  tenella,  Nees. 

•  8TEETSIA  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  frond,  with  involucre,  perianth,  and  calyptra ;  hiTO- 

lucre  and  perianth  cut  away  so  as  to  show  the  young  calyptra ;  capsule  before  dehls- 
cence  ;  the  same  after  dehiscence ;  antheridium  with  its  perigonial  leaf ;  an  elater 
and  two  sporules,  of  S.  Lyellii,  Lthm. 


12U  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


TAB.   VII. 

PELLIA  —  Plant ;  calyptra  with  lower  part  of  the  pedicel ;  capsule ;  an  elater ;  portion  of 
the  same ;  two  spores  ;  and  two  autheridia,  of  P.  epiphylla,  Nees:  after  Hooker. 

BLASIA.  —  Plants  (fertile,  male,  and  gemmiparous) ;  end  of  a  frond,  showing  the  calyptra 
and  capsule  protruding  from  the  apex  of  the  midrib  ;  male  frond  with  two  antheridia ; 
a  gemmiparous  frond  with  two  receptacles ;  a  vertical  section  of  one  of  the  recepta- 
cles, showing  the  gemmae  enclosed,  and  the  tube  through  which  they  issue ;  three  gem- 
mae j  four  spores  and  three  elaters  j  two*  spores,  and  portion  of  an  elater  j  capsule  de- 
hiscing ;  vertical  section  of  the  cavity  in  the  end  of  the  midrib  showing  the  perianth 
and  the  calyptra  in  a  young  state,  of  B.  pusilla,  L  :  after  Hooker. 

METZGERIA.  —  Plants  (fertile,  male,  and  gemmiparous) ;  a  fertile  plant  enlarged  ;  the  his- 
pid calyx  with  the  two-lobed  involucral  leaf  and  part  of  the  pedicel ;  forked  ends  of 
the  gemmiparous  plant ;  a  gemma  ;  underside  of  a  portion  of  the  male  plant,  showing 
roundish  perigonial  leaves  covering  the  antheridia  ;  an  antheridium  ;  three  spores  and 
two  elaters,  of  M.  furcata,  Nees:  after  Hooker. 

»  ANEURA.  —  Plant  (portions  of  male  and  female) ;  a  vertical  section  of  the  fleshy  calyptra, 
with  the  base  of  the  pedicel ;  a  portion  of  the  frond,  with  two  elongated  deflexed  male 
receptacles ;  one  of  these  receptacles  cut  transversely,  showing  the  imbedded  anthe- 
ridia ;  valves  of  the  capsule  bearded  by  tufts  of  elaters  ;  three  spores  ;  one  elater,  and 
portion  of  the  same,  of  Aneura  sessilis,  Sprengel  ? 

FOSSOHBRONIA.  —  Plant ;  and  the  same  enlarged  ;  capsule  dehiscing,  with  pedicel,  peri 
anth,  and  involucral  leaves ;  part  of  the  stem,  with  two  leaves  and  dorsal  antheridia, 
an  antheridium  ;  two  sporules ;  and  two  elaters,  of  F  pusilla,  Nees :  after  Hooker. 

•  GEOCALYX.  — Plant ;  part  of  the  stem,  with  the  involucre,  which  U  cut  vertically,  showing 

the  calyptra  and  lower  part  of  the  pedicel ;  two  pairs  of  leaves,  with  the  ampbigas- 
tria ;  portion  of  the  stem,  with  one  amphigastrium  ;  four  valves  of  the  capsule  ;  two 
elaters  ;  and  three  spores,  of  Q.  graveolens,  Nees. 

GRIMALDIA.  —  Plants  (portions  of),  male  and  female ;  end  of  a  frond  showing  the  paleae 
and  lower  part  of  the  peduncle ;  end  of  a  frond  with  two  male  disks  ;  one  of  the  disks 
cut  vertically,  showing  the  imbedded  antheridia  ;  a  fertile  receptacle  ;  a  vertical  sec- 
tion of  the  same ;  capsule  dehiscing  by  a  circumcissile  line ;  two  elaters,  and  two 
spores,  of  Q.  barbifrons,  Bisck  :  after  Bischoff. 

•  CHILOSCYPHDS.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem,  with  involucral  leaves,  perianth,  and  calyp- 

tra ;  a  pair  of  leaves  with  antheridia  in  their  dorsal  bases  ;  an  antheridium  ;  portion 
of  the  stem,  with  a  leaf  and  an  amphigastrium  ;  capsule  with  its  four  valves ;  three 
spores  and  two  elaters,  of  C.  ascendens,  Hook.  If  Wils. 

•  PLEURANTHE  —  Plant ;  the  same  enlarged  ;  a  portion  of  the  stem,  with  a  pair  of  leaves 

and  an  amphigastrium  ;  perianth  with  involucral  leaves  and  part  of  the  pedicel ;  th« 
same  cut  vertically,  shewing  the  calyptra ;  capsule  with  its  four  valves  ;  five  spores ; 
three  elaters,  and  part  of  an  elater,  of  P.  olivacea,  Tayl. 

i  LOPHOCOLEA.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem,  with  its  leaves  and  the  perianth ;  same,  with 
one  leaf  having  in  its  dorsal  base  an  antheridium ;  the  same  with  three  pairs  of  leaves 
and  three  amphigastria  ;  one  amphigastrium  ;  one  antheridium  ;  a  cross-section  near 
the  mouth  of  the  perianth  ;  three  spores  and  an  elater,  of  L.  heterophylla,  Nees. 

J  ONGERMANNIA.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem  with  two  pairs  of  leaves  ;  branch  with  in- 
volucral leaves  and  perianth  ;  an  involucral  leaf ;  calyptra ;  capsule  with  valves 
closed ;  same  with  valves  spreading ;  an  elater  and  two  gporules,  of  J.  connivens, 
Dicks  :  after  Hooker. 

fiYMNOMITRIUM.  —  Plants ;  portion  of  the  stem  with  three  pairs  of  leaves  ;  the  same  wim 
involucral  leaves  at  the  apex,  pedicel,  and  capsule  ;  calyptra  with  base  of  the  pedi- 
cel, the  involucral  leaves  being  cut  away  ;  and  two  involucral  leaves,  of  G.  concinca- 
tum,  Corda:  after  Hooker. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES.  121 

8ARCOSCYPIIU9.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  game  with  8tem,  involucral  leaves,  and  base  of 
the  pedicel ;  involucral  leaves  and  perianth  opened  so  as  to  show  the  calyptra  aei 
lower  part  of  pedicel ;  capsule  with  its  4  valyes ;  an  elater  and  two  sporules,  of  8. 
Ehrharti,  Corda :  after  Hooker. 

TAB.  Vm. 

BCAPANIA.  —  Plant ,  perianth,  enclosing  the  calyptra  and  part  of  the  pedicel,  furnished  at 
the  base  with  involucral  leaves  ;  part  of  the  stem  with  three  leaves  ;  two  antheridia ; 
capsule  open  ;  an  elater  and  two  spores,  of  S.  undulata,  N.  If  M. :  after  Hooker. 

•  PLAGIOCHILA.  —  Plant;  portion  of  the  stem  with  'five  leaves;  perianth,  enclosing  the 

calyptra  and  part  of  the  pedicel ;  piece  of  stem  with  an  amphigastrium  and  radicles  ; 
two  antheridia ;  capsule  ;  two  spores  and  two  elaters,  of  P.  macrostoma,  SuUiv. 
SPHAGXCECETIS.  —  Plant;  portion  of  the  stem  with  four  or  five  pairs  of  leaves,  and  a 
short  branch  clothed  with  involucral  leaves  and  bearing  the  perianth  ;  an  involucral 
leaf;  the  attenuated  extremity  of  a  branch,  bearing  gemmse  at  the  apex  ;  four  gem- 
mse  ;  capsule  ;  three  spores  and  two  elaters,  of  S.  communis,  Nees :  after  Hooker. 

•  LEJEUNIA.  —Plant ;  perianth,  with  capsule  and  involucral  leaves  ;  portion  of  the  pedicel ; 

portion  of  stem  with  a  pair  of  leaves,  an  amphigastrium  and  a  male  branch ;  an  anthe- 
ridium  ;  a  portion  of  the  stem,  with  two  pairs  of  leaves  seen  from  above  ;  the  same 
with  two  amphigastria  viewed  from  below ;  cross-section  of  the  perianth  ;  two  elaters, 
and  two  spores,  of  L.  clypeata,  Schweinitz, 

•  FRULLANIA.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem,  with  two  pairs  of  leaves  seen  from  above  ;  the 

same,  with  the  amphigastria  and  auriculae,  viewed  from  beneath  ;  perianth  and  in- 
volucral leaves ;  cross-section  of  the  perianth ;  an  involucral  leaf ;  capsule;  twoelaten 
and  two  spores,  of  F.  Grayana,  Mont. 

•  11ADOTIIECA.  — Plant;  portion  of  the  stem,  with  a  pair  of  leaves  and  an  amphigastrium, 

seen  from  beneath  ;  portion  of  the  male  plant,  with  four  spikelete  of  perigonial  leaves, 
containing  antheridia  :  a  2-lobed  perigonial  leaf  with  its  antheridium  ;  an  antheridi> 
um ;  perianth,  with  involucral  leaves  and  capsule ;  an  elater  and  two  spores,  of  M. 
platyphylla,  Dumort. 

•  RADULA.  —  Plant ;  a  branch  terminated  by  th«  perianth  and  capsule,  with  lateral  male 

branchlets ;  a  male  branchlet ;  an  antheridium ;  a  perianth  with  two  involucral 
leaves  ;  portion  of  the  stem  with  two  pairs  of  leaves,  seen  from  above ;  the  same  from 
below ;  a  capsule  ;  an  elater  and  two  spores,  of  R.  obconica,  SuUiv. 

PTILIDIUM.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem  with  a  pair  of  leaves ;  same  with  an  amphigas- 
trium ;  perianth  with  its  involucral  leaves ;  a  capsule  ;  an  slater  and  two  spores,  of 
P.  ciliare,  Nets:  after  Hooker. 

MASTIGOBRYUM.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  the  stem  with  two  pairs  of  leaves,  two  amphigastria, 
and  a  male  spikelet ;  portion  of  a  spikelet  with  its  perigonial  leaf;  an  antheridium  ; 
capsule  ;  four  spores  and  two  elaters,  of  M.  trilobatum,  JV>«  .•  after  Hooker,  partly. 

TRICHOCOLEA.  —  Plant ;  leaf,  amphigastrium,  and  piece  of  the  stem  ;  the  fleshy  involucre ; 
a  capsule  ;  two  spores  and  an  elater,  of  T.  Tomentella,  Nees :  after  Hooker. 

SENDTXERA.  —  Plant;  portion  of  stem  with  leaves  and  amphigastria  ;  tubulur  many-cleft 
perianth  ;  capsules ;  an  elater  and  three  spores  of  S.  juniperina,  Nees :  after  Hooker. 

LEPIDOZIA.  —  Plant ;  portion  of  stem  with  three  leaves  and  two  amphigastria  ;  a  perigonial 
leaf  enclosing  an  antheridium  ;  an  antberidium  free  ;  perianth  with  involucral  leaves  ; 
capsule ;  four  spores  and  an  elater,  of  L.  reptans,  Nees :  after  Hooker. 

CALTPOGEIA.  —  Plants  ;  portion  of  stem  with  three  leaves  and  two  rooting  amphiga«tri» ; 
hairy  involucre  with  the  lower  part  of  the  pedicel ;  the  same  cut  vertically,  showing 
the  calyptra  ;  capsule  with  its  spiral  valves  ;  an  elater  and  two  spores,  of  C.  Tricho- 
Corda:  after  Hooker 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-25//t-9,'47(A5618)444 


OF  CALIFORNIA 
UOS  ANGELES 


OK 


Sullivant  - 


541   The  musci  and 
S92m  hepatical  of  the 
1871  United  States 

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